Production of butanol (a biofuel) from agricultural residues: Part I – Use of barley straw hydrolysate (original) (raw)
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Butanol production from wheat straw hydrolysate using Clostridium beijerinckii
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2007
In these studies, butanol (acetone butanol ethanol or ABE) was produced from wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH) in batch cultures using Clostridium beijerinckii P260. In control fermentation 48.9 g L -1 glucose (initial sugar 62.0 g L -1 ) was used to produce 20.1 g L -1 ABE with a productivity and yield of 0.28 g L -1 h -1 and 0.41, respectively. In a similar experiment where WSH (60.2 g L -1 total sugars obtained from hydrolysis of 86 g L -1 wheat straw) was used, the culture produced 25.0 g L -1 ABE with a productivity and yield of 0.60 g L -1 h -1 and 0.42, respectively. These results are superior to the control experiment and productivity was improved by 214%. When WSH was supplemented with 35 g L -1 glucose, a reactor productivity was improved to 0.63 g L -1 h -1 with a yield of 0.42. In this case, ABE concentration in the broth was 28.2 g L -1 . When WSH was supplemented with 60 g L -1 glucose, the resultant medium containing 128.3 g L -1 sugars was successfully fermented (due to product removal) to produce 47.6 g L -1 ABE, and the culture utilized all the sugars (glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, and mannose). These results demonstrate that C. beijerinckii P260 has excellent capacity to convert biomass derived sugars to solvents and can produce over 28 g L -1 (in one case 41.7 g L -1 from glucose) ABE from WSH. Medium containing 250 g L -1 glucose resulted in no growth and no ABE production. Mixtures containing WSH + 140 g L -1 glucose (total sugar approximately 200 g L -1 ) showed poor growth and poor ABE production.
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2008
Wheat straw Clostridium beijerinckii P260 Saccharification Fermentation a b s t r a c t Five different processes were investigated to produce acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) from wheat straw (WS) by Clostridium beijerinckii P260. The five processes were fermentation of pretreated WS (Process I), separate hydrolysis and fermentation of WS to ABE without removing sediments (Process II), simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation of WS without agitation (Process III), simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation with additional sugar supplementation (Process IV), and simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation with agitation by gas stripping (Process V). During the five processes, 9.36, 13.12, 11.93, 17.92, and 21.42 g L À1 ABE was produced, respectively. Processes I-V resulted in productivities of 0.19, 0.14, 0.27, 0.19, and 0.31 g L À1 h À1 , respectively. It should be noted that Process V resulted in the highest productivity (0.31 g L À1 h À1 ). In the control experiment (using glucose), an ABE productivity of 0.30 g L À1 h À1 was achieved. These results suggest that simultaneous hydrolysis of WS to sugars and fermentation to butanol/ABE is an attractive option as compared with more expensive glucose to ABE fermentation. Further development of enzymes for WS hydrolysis with optimum characteristics similar to fermentation would make conversion of WS to butanol/ABE even more attractive.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2007
During pretreatment and hydrolysis of fiberrich agricultural biomass, compounds such as salts, furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), acetic, ferulic, glucuronic, r-coumaric acids, and phenolic compounds are produced. Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 can utilize the individual sugars present in lignocellulosic [e.g., corn fiber, distillers dry grain solubles (DDGS), etc] hydrolysates such as cellobiose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, and xylose. In these studies we investigated the effect of some of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate inhibitors associated with C. beijerinckii BA101 growth and acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) production. When 0.3 g/L r-coumaric and ferulic acids were introduced into the fermentation medium, growth and ABE production by C. beijerinckii BA101 decreased significantly. Furfural and HMF are not inhibitory to C. beijerinckii BA101; rather they have stimulatory effect on the growth of the microorganism and ABE production.
2012
In this study, an attempt is made to optimize the effect of various physical and cultural parameters on butanol production by microbial strain Clostridium acetobutylicum MTCC 481 by employing L 18 orthogonal array design of experiments. A set of five parameters, viz., temperature, pH, inoculum size, inoculum age, and agitation have been studied. Utilizing a pre-optimized rice straw hydrolysate medium, the clostridial strain produced maximum amount of butanol at optimum conditions of temperature 37°C, pH 4.0±0.5, inoculum size 5 % (v/v), inoculum age 18 h, and agitation 150 rpm. Among these parameters, pH, temperature, and agitation were found to be the most significant factors affecting solvent production. The optimized physical and cultural parameters were further verified at shake flask and bioreactor scale (2 L and 5 L bioreactor). Experiments using 2 and 5 L bioreactor under the optimized process condition showed nearly complete utilization of soluble sugars with the production of 15.84 gL −1 of total solvents with 12.17 gL −1 of butanol in 2 L bioreactor and 16.91 gL −1 of total solvents with 12.22 gL −1 of butanol in a 5 L of bioreactor, respectively. The experimental data were further validated by fitting it to a kinetic model reported in literature to determine the kinetic parameters of the fermentation process.
Butanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii. Part I: Use of acid and enzyme hydrolyzed corn fiber
Bioresource Technology, 2008
Fermentation of sulfuric acid treated corn fiber hydrolysate (SACFH) inhibited cell growth and butanol production (1.7 ± 0.2 g/L acetone butanol ethanol or ABE) by Clostridium beijerinckii BA101. Treatment of SACFH with XAD-4 resin removed some of the inhibitors resulting in the production of 9.3 ± 0.5 g/L ABE and a yield of 0.39 ± 0.015. Fermentation of enzyme treated corn fiber hydrolysate (ETCFH) did not reveal any cell inhibition and resulted in the production of 8.6 ± 1.0 g/L ABE and used 24.6 g/L total sugars. ABE production from fermentation of 25 g/L glucose and 25 g/L xylose was 9.9 ± 0.4 and 9.6 ± 0.4 g/L, respectively, suggesting that the culture was able to utilize xylose as efficiently as glucose. Production of only 9.3 ± 0.5 g/L ABE (compared with 17.7 g/L ABE from fermentation of 55 g/L glucose-control) from the XAD-4 treated SACFH suggested that some fermentation inhibitors may still be present following treatment. It is suggested that inhibitory components be completely removed from the SACFH prior to fermentation with C. beijerinckii BA101. In our fermentations, an ABE yield ranging from 0.35 to 0.39 was obtained, which is higher than reported by the other investigators.
Role of Different Feedstocks on the Butanol Production Through Microbial and Catalytic Routes
International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2017
Among the renewable fuels, butanol has become an attractive, economic and sustainable choice because of cost elevation in petroleum fuel, diminishing the oil reserves and an increase of green house effect. Butanol can be derived from renewable sources by using the natural bio-resources and agro-wastes such as orchard wastes, peanut wastes, wheat straw, barley straw and grasses via Acetone Butanol Ethanol (ABE) process. On the other hand, butanol can be directly formed from chemical route involving catalysts also such as from ethanol through aldol condensation. This review presents extensive evaluation for the production of butanol deploying microbial and catalytic routes.
Cellulosic Butanol Production from Agricultural Biomass and Residues: Recent Advances in Technology
Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts, 2012
This chapter details the recent advances made on bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to butanol, a superior biofuel that can be used in internal combustion engines or transportation industry. It should be noted that butanol producing cultures cannot tolerate or produce more than 20-30 g/L of acetonebutanol-ethanol (ABE) in batch reactors of which butanol is of the order of 13-18 g/L. This is due to toxicity of butanol to the culture. In order to overcome this challenge, two approaches have been applied: (1) developing more butanol tolerant strains using genetic engineering techniques and (2) employing process engineering approaches to simultaneously recover butanol from the fermentation broth thus not allowing butanol concentrations in the reactor to accumulate beyond culture's tolerance. By the application of the fi rst approach, a number of butanol producing strains have been developed; however, none of these accumulated greater than 1,200 mg/L (1.2 g/L) butanol, while using the second approach total ABE up to 461 g/L has been produced. Attempts to improve the newly developed strains are continuing.