Epidemiology of urogenital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and outline of characteristic features of patients at risk (original) (raw)
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epidemiological aspects associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection
International journal of health sciences
The widespread bacteria causing sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide is Chlamydia trachomatis. The prevalence of chlamydial diseases that are spread via sexual contact is relatively high throughout the world. Urethritis and cervicitis are often caused by C. trachomatis, and its aftereffects include ectopic pregnancy, reactive arthritis, epididymitis, tubal factor infertility, proctitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In addition, chlamydial infections may cause severe ocular or reproductive illness, resulting in infertility or blindness, depending on the bacterial strain. There have been many ways to calculate transmission probability, but each has drawbacks. It is linked to a broad spectrum of short- and long-term health repercussions and sequelae. In low- and middle-income nations like India, where the majority of the burden goes unreported and where there is a lack of systematic data to assess the situation, improved urogenital C. trachomatis infection managemen...
Quantitative study of Chlamydia trachomatis in genital infection
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 1982
Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion counts on inoculated McCoy cell coverslips were used as an index of the degree of infection of the cervix in women and of the urethra in men with urethritis. High inclusion counts were obtained significantly more often from men than from women, from women with cervical ectopy, and from women who had had recent sexual intercourse. Low inclusion counts were significantly more common in men with a past history of gonococcal urethritis.
Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a challenge for the urologist
Microbiology Research, 2011
The role of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) in everyday clinical practice is now on the increase because Ct infections are the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infections worldwide. Ct can cause urethritis, cervicitis, pharyngitis, or epididymitis, although asymptomatic infections are quite common. Ct infection remains asymptomatic in approximately 50% of infected men and 70% of infected women, with risk for reproductive tract sequelae both in women and men. A proper early diagnosis and treatment is essential in order to prevent persistent consequences. An accurate comprehension of the pathology, diagnosis and treatment of this entity is essential for the urologist. We review the literature about the new findings in diagnosis and treatment of Ct infection in sexually active young men.
Genital infections in men associated withChlamydia trachomatis
International Urology and Nephrology, 1992
The advent of new diagnostic procedures has made it possible for urologists to detect chlamydial presence in genital infections. Many studies have shown chlamydial association with urethritis. However, its presence in prostatitis and epididymitis has not been clearly defined yet.
The new microbiologica, 2012
We studied the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) urogenital infection and the distribution of different genotypes in a non-selected STD population of 1625 patients, evaluating presence of coinfections with other sexually transmitted diseases. Each patient was bled to perform serological tests for syphilis and HIV, then urethral or endocervical swabs were obtained for the detection of CT and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by culture. DNA extracted from remnant positive swabs was amplified by omp1 Nested PCR and products were sequenced. Total prevalence of CT infection was 6.3% (103/1625), with strong differences between men and women (11.4% vs 3.9%, P<0.01). Clinical symptoms and coinfections were much more frequent in men than in women (P<0.01). The most common serovar was E (prevalence of 38.8%), followed by G (23.3%), F (13.5%) D/Da (11.6%) and J (4.8%). Serovars distribution was statistically different between men and women (P=0.042) and among patients with or without coinfec...
Prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and its association with other STIs
Prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and its association with other STIs, 2018
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Studies from India have reported varying prevalence rate of C. trachomatis. They also increase susceptibility of HIV, gonococcal and syphilis infection. Aim: To study the prevalence of Chlamydia and its association with other STIs in patients attending outdoor department at a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: The present cross sectional study enrolled 100 clinically suspected cases of having STI attending the STD outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Genital discharge specimens (endocervical, vaginal, and urethral swabs) were collected from all the patients. The patients were investigated for the presence of antigen C. trachomatis with the help of immunochromatographic detection. Investigations of other STIs were carried out using the standard methods. Results: Prevalence of Chlamydia infection was found to be 2%. Out of 23 total positive STI cases 5 cases were of co-infection. Syphilis was most common infection associated with other STIs. One male was having gonorrhoea and syphilis co-infection. Two men were having Chlamydia infection along with Syphilis. HIV and Syphilis co-infection was present in 2 males. Conclusion: In present study, low prevalence of 2% of Chlamydia infection was found. Further studies with involvement of large population, symptomatic and asymptomatic will help to determine more accurate prevalence of Chlamydia infection.
Eurosurveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
As reliable data on Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Italy are lacking and as there is no Italian screening policy, epidemiological analyses are needed to optimise effective strategies for surveillance of the infection in the country. We collected data from 6,969 sexually active women aged 15 to 55 years who underwent testing for endocervical C. trachomatis infection at the Cervico-Vaginal Pathology Unit in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Sapienza University in Rome between 2000 and 2009. The mean prevalence of C. trachomatis endocervical infection during this period was 5.2%. Prevalence over time did not show a linear trend. Univariate analysis demonstrated a significant association of infection with multiple lifetime sexual partners, younger age (<40 years), never having been pregnant, smoking, use of oral contraceptives, and human papillomavirus and Trichomonas vaginalis infections. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression showed that T. vaginalis infection,...
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in the Turkish Female Population
Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 1990
In a prospective controlled study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Jordanian women attending an infertility clinic and whether screening is useful as part of routine investigations for infertility. Two groups of patients (152 infertile patients and 146 control patients) had endocervical swab testing by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of C. trachomatis infection. A total of 6/152 patients in the infertility group tested positive for C. trachomatis (3.9%), compared with 1/146 patients in the control group (0.7%), a difference that was not statistically significant. In view of the tendency toward increased prevalence of C. trachomatis infection, screening women for chlamydial infection as part of routine investigations for infertility is recommended.
Sero-Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis in Sti Patients
Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2014
BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Chlamydial infections, if undiagnosed and untreated can result in irreversible sequelae. Infected patients serve as a reservoir of infection to their partners. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of genital Chlamydia and its association with bacterial flora in STI patients attending STI clinics. METHOD: Genital discharge specimens (Endocervical, Vaginal) and Blood from 226 patients were collected as per standard procedures. Isolation and Identification of bacterial flora was carried out by conventional methods. Patients were investigated for the presence of antigen and antibody of chlamydia trachomatis with Immunochromatographic assay (Biomerieux) and ELISA (Novatech, Germany) respectively. RESULTS: Of 226 patients, 'Inclusion bodies' were found in 69/226 (30.53%) patients by Giemsa staining. Chlamydia trachomatis was found to be most commonly associated w...
Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infections Among Sexually Active Men
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1986
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among young adult low-risk women attending either of two inner-city family planning clinics in Trabzon, the most densely populated city in Turkey's Black Sea region. The study group comprised 150 sexually active women attending either of two family planning clinics. Two endocervical swabs were collected from each woman and tested for the presence of C. trachomatis by tissue culture and a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associations of clinical factors for predicting C. trachomatis infection. C. trachomatis was detected in 19 of the samples (12.7%) by cell culture and in 15 (9.9%) by ELISA. None of the demographic characteristics could be associated with the state of infection, but the women preferring the withdrawal method for contraception accounted for a significantly higher percentage of the C. trachomatis-positive cases than women who used other contraceptive methods. The most frequent signs of cervical infection were vaginal discharge (