A sero-epidemiological cross-sectional study of hepatitis B virus in Zimbabwe (original) (raw)

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus in Rural and Urban Areas in Togo

2020

Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a public health problem in many parts of the world, due to its frequency, complications and socio-economic consequences. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in rural areas and in urban areas. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of HBV infection from 2015-2018 at CHR-Sokodé and USP of Ogaro. Biological data of 3000 participants (500 per year in each zone) enrolled and results of HBsAg were assessed during the study period. Female are represented 60% with average age comprised between [20, 29] years old. The high rate of participants enrolled (45.10%) are come for the monitoring of pregnancy. The prevalence of VHB during the study are 20.33% (610/3000), high prevalence (6.27%) and the means of VHB prevalence are shown in the age range between [30; 39] with 12.17% (365/3000) of female and 8.17% (235/3000) of male are positive after diagnostic detection of HBsAg (antigen of Hepatitis B ...

SERO-EPIDEMIC SURVEY OF HEPATITIS B IN A POPULATION OF NORTHERN NIGERIA

The rates of infection of various hepatitis B virus serological markers were measured on the basis of age, sex and socioeconomic activ ties amongst the community population of Mubi, a known border community in NorthEastern Nigeria. Sera of 992 subjects consisting of 613 males and 379 females were analysed by radioimmunoassay. The overall HBV exposure among the subjects surveyed was 40.3 %. The rate of HBsAg in ect on was 9.0 %; 19.0 % for anti-HBs and 12.2 % for anti-HBc. The occurrence of HBV markers by age of the subjects showed that infants less than 1 year o d had the highest HBV exposure rate o 43 9%; the rate declined at the 1-10 years age group and increased steadily thereafter with age until the i f i l f. > 51 years age bracket. The incidence of the HBV markers by sex o subjects showed that infection rates were higher in males (43.4%) than in females (35 4%). The rate of HBs infection rose progressively with age and significantly higher (p<0.01) in males (20.1%) than in females (17.2 %). The infection rate of HBc did not correlate with increase in age and significantly higher (P < 0 01) in males (13 2 %) than in females (10 8%). The distr bution of the HBV markers was associated w th d fferences in socio-cultural environment and practices (Fig. 2); thus, prison inmates who constituted the bulk o commercial blood donors had the highest rate of infection (28.5 %), followed by traders/artisans (21 0%) and students/pupils (18 0%). This study suggests vertical (maternal to infant) and horizontal transmission early in life in the spread of HBV markers in Mubi area and recommends passive active HB immunization (anti-HB vaccine), personal and urban hygiene and that tes ing for HBsAg by the most sensitive methods should be required for all blood donors. HBsAg carriers and People who are known to have the infection or to be at high risk e.g. prostitutes, prisoners, etc should be discouraged from donating blood.

THE PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN A PERIURBAN COMMUNITY IN NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Int J Biol Med Res. 2024; 15(3): 7821-7824

Introduction:The 2024 Global Hepatitis Report from the World Health Organization (WHO) highlights an alarming increase in fatalities due to viral hepatitis. There is a high burden of Hepatitis virus infection in Nigeria, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine against the virus. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus in a periurban community in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methodology:This cross-sectional study was conducted in a periurban communityusing a multistage sampling technique to select participants in the community. Socio-demographic data were obtained from the participants using an interview-administered questionnaire while, capillary whole blood was collected by a finger-stick procedure from each participant using a sterile lancet and assayed using kits developed by Micropoint. Data were analyzed using version 25.0 of IBM-SPSS for Windows. A total of 180 participants were recruited for this study. Results: The result showed a prevalence of 8.6%. The findings also show that there was a statistically significant association between the prevalence of HBsAg and gender (Chi-square = 6.386, P-value = 0.012). The statistical significance was taken at P-value< 0.05 while examining the odd ratio (OR) and adjusted odd ratio (AOR) of the variables and only gender was a statistically significant predictor of HBsAg prevalence, where the female category was less likely to have HBsAg than the male category (OD = 0.242, P-value = 0.018; AOR = 0.219, P-value = 0.017). Conclusion:The findings of this study reveal a high prevalence of hepatitis B among residents of this community in Nasarawa State. Therefore, adequate health education and mass screening and vaccination campaigns are recommended, coupled with sustained community engagement, to reduce the burden of hepatitis B and move towards the WHO's goal of eliminating the disease by 2030.