Pharmacognosy & Natural Products Botanical Pharmacognosy of the Fruit of Embelia ribes Burm. F (original) (raw)
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Endangered Medicinal Plant Embelia ribes Burm.f.- A Review
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2012
potential as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis and cancerlinked bone loss [7,8]. Recent findings also suggest embelin as a novel adjuvant therapeutic candidate for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer that is resistant to radiation therapy. [9] Morphology Embelia ribes Burm. f., is a large scandent shrub; branches long, slender, flexible, terete with long internodes, the bark studded with lenticels. Leaves coriaceous, 5-9 by 2-3.8 cm., elliptic or elliptic lanceolate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, entire, glabrous on both sides, shining above, paler and somewhat silvery beneath, the whole surface covered with scattered minute reddish sunken gland (conspicuous in the young leaves), base rounded or acute; main nerves numerous, slender; petioles 6-16 mm. long, more or less margined, glabrous. Flowers penta-merous, numerous, small, in lax panicled racemes which are terminal and from the upper axils; branches of the panicle often 7.5-10 cm long with more or less glandular pubescent; bracts minute, setaceous, deciduous. Calyx is about 1.25 mm. long; sepals connate about 1/3 rd of the way up, the teeth 5, broadly triangular-ovate, ciliate. Petals 5, greenish yellow, free, 4 mm. long, elliptic, subobtuse, and pubescent on both sides. Stamens 5, shorter than the petals, erect; filaments inserted a little below the middle of the petals. Fruit is globose, 3-4 mm. diam., smooth, succulent, black when ripe, like a peppercorn when dried, tipped with the persistent style [10]. Fig 1.
2017
Background: Vidang (Embelia ribes Burm.f.) is a very genuine plant for its anthelmintic activity. In Ayurveda, it is a first choice of drug for its krimighna action or to kill foreign pathogens. Embelia robusta auct. Non roxb., the other species of vidang is adulterated in Embelia ribes Burm.f. Objective: Preliminary pharmacognostical study includes macroscopic & microscopic characteristics which are also a tool for identification & authentication of a plant. Therefore shastrokta or original vidang & its adulterant species were selected for the comparative study. Materials & Methods: For macroscopic study, dried fruits were observed with all sense organs. For microscopic study, dried fruits were made softened with water & dilute Hydrochloride acid. Then transverse sections were cut & then observed in binocular microscope. Results: Embelia ribes Burm.f. is black in colour. A few yellow spots are present on its seed. Embelia robusta auct.Non roxb. is reddish brown in colour. Its seed ...
Microscopic and Histological Observations of the Medicinal Leaves
Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass., Syn. G. oleifera D.C., Polymnia abyssinica L.f., Suppl., Verbesina sativa Roxb., Jaegeria abyssinica Spr., commonly known as Ramtil in Hindi and Niger in English belongs to family Asteraceae (Compositae) is native of Abyssinica (South Africa). The plant is used in the treatment of various diseases such as arthritis, microbial infections and seed oil serve as contraceptives. The leaves of Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.
Comparative Histological Evaluation of the Fruit of Ribes nigrum and Ribes rubrum
Acta Biologica Marisiensis, 2019
To complete the wide range of studies on chemical composition and pharmacological potential of the fruit of Ribes nigrum and Ribes rubrum, this work aimed to perform a comparative morpho-anatomical characterization of the fruits of both species and complete previously records of black currant as frequently studied species. Microslides of fruits were made with rotation microtome, and then cross sections were stained with toluidine blue. Documentation and evaluation were carried out in microphotos. In R. rubrum, the epidermis cells are ovoid to round, while those of R. nigrum are rectangular to almost round. Under the epidermis, in both fruits, there are two layers of oval hypodermal cells. Underneath the hypodermal layers, parenchyma cells of different size with thin walls and scattered collateral closed bundles were detected. The seeds are embedded in a gelatinous sheath having large thin-walled cells. Endocarp separates the arillar tissue from parenchyma cells, in addition, a gap can be found among these layers, endocarp, arillar tissue, and seeds. The seed coat consists of sclerenchyma cells in both species. In conclusion, histological differences and similarities were described in the fruits of the selected Ribes species, highlighted the first morpho-anatomical description of the berry of Ribes rubrum.
Anatomical Studies on Gajapipal Fruit: An Ayurvedic Herb
2010
The detailed histological examination of crude drugs can be used to confirm the structural features of the crude drugs. Anatomical/histological practice playing a unique role in the more detailed examination of crude drugs and can be used to confirm the structural features of the crude drugs. Quantitative microscopy and linear measurements are the other important aspects of the histological method. The histological approach to study plants and plants parts is helpful in the searching of specific microscopical characters and even some times it is helpful in the differentiation between two species of same genus. The plant Pothos officinalis (Roxb.) (Gajapipal in Hindi) is also known as Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott. Fruits of the plant are widely used in many parts of India for the treatment of various diseases and ailments. Since no complete anatomical data related to fruit is available so far, hence the present study aimed to establish anatomical profile of the fruit of Pothus officinalis (Roxb.).
STOMATAL STUDIES ON SOME SELECTED PLANTS OF MALVACEAE
Malvaceae family is well known for its economic importance. Plants like Hibiscus esculantus is commonly used as a vegetable called 'Okra' Adensonia digitata, known as baobab tree has a lot of medicinal potential. Bombax ceiba yields Kapok which is a very fluffy material made from the abundant silken hairs that are attached to the ripe seeds of several species in the silk cotton family. As mentioned in the literature, plants belonging to Malvaceae are economically important not only with respect to edible purposes but are also known to be exploited for their medicinal potential. Anatomy is a very useful tool for identification (taxonomy). Epidermal characters can prove to be of importance with respect to identification of a particular plant species. This can also provide reliable information in standardisation of an ayurvedic/herbal drug.
Emblica officinalis seed coat: Extraction and their preliminaryphytochemical analysis
International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research, 2022
Preliminary screening of phytochemicals is a valuable step, in the detection of thebioactive principles present in amla and subsequently may lead to drug discoveryand development. In the present study, chief phytoconstituents of the amla wereidentified to relate their presence with the bioactivities of the plants. Thepreliminary phytochemical of amla leaf and bark were analyzed by researchers andits efficacy of amla fruit is widely proved. This paper also shows the presence of phytochemical series of compounds effectively. Keywords: Medicinal plants, Preliminary screening, phytochemical properties.
Acta Botanica Brasilica, 2017
Most species of Anacardiaceae have drupes containing secretory structures.. Th e substances produced by these structures may have importance to industry and folk medicine, and may even cause allergenic eff ects. Th is work describes the ontogeny of pericarp of Tapirira guianensis with an emphasis on the secretory structures present at diff erent stages of development. Ovary and fruits in various stages of development were collected, fi xed and processed for studies using light and scanning electron microscopy according to conventional techniques. Histochemical tests were employed to identify the major metabolites present in the tissues. Th e fruit is a drupe formed by exocarp, mesocarp containing secretory ducts and idioblasts, and endocarp with some lignifi ed layers. Fruit growth occurs through the division and elongation of cells. Th e secretory ducts produce mainly phenols and lipids and are active during all stages of development. Th e secreted substances protect the fruit against pathogens and predators. In ripe fruits the cells of the mesocarp accumulate starch. Th is study is the fi rst report of the presence of a secretory endocarp in young fruits of a species of Anacardiaceae. Th e substances produced by the endocarp in early developmental stages may play an important role in seed dispersal and germination.
Morphological, Biological and Antioxidant studies of seven
Biological studies of seven Eremophila species introduced in Saudi Arabia, viz. E. bignoniiflora, E. divaricata subsp. divaricate, E. glabra subsp. glabra, E. laanii subsp. laanii, E. maculata subsp. maculata , E. oppositifolia subsp. oppositifolia and E. pterocarpa subsp. pterocarpa were cultivated successfully as alien plants. These were investigated and the morphological relationships between them determined. The objective of the present study was to review the biological activities of the seven Eremophila species, and generate comprehensive relationships information for others investigators scholars who wish to study these species in detail. In the present study the antimicrobial and the antioxidant activities and radical scavenging of water extracts of those selected plant species were evaluated against linoleic acid peroxidation and 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. The water extracts of these plants were tested for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeast and fungi. Their antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and total phenolic content, then a phytochemical screening was realized for the extracts. The results showed that E. glabra subsp. glabra has the highest antimicrobial activity. Most of the plants exhibited notable free radical scavenging activity and the plants effective in the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation was E. divaricata followed by E. glabra, E. maculata and E. oppositifolia sp. oppositifolia. The E. glabra were the strongest radical scavenger among plant extract. An artificial key was developed explaining the morphological differences between the seven investigated species related to their similarity matrix.
Pharmacognostical studies on fruits of Babbula-Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile
Babbula is an important traditional medicinal plant in Ayurveda and Unani systems of medicine. All parts of the plant are useful as medicine/therapeutic agents to cure various ailments. Its bark is useful in cough, bronchitis, diarrhoea, dysentery, biliousness, burning sensation, piles, leucoderma, urinary discharges, ascites etc. Levaes are useful in bronchitis, piles, liver tonic, healing of fractures, eye diseases and the fruit is astringent to the bowls, cures biliousness. The gum cures biliousness, leprosy, liver tonic, urinary discharges, vaginal and uterine discharges, healing of fractures, sour throat, lung troubles etc. The flowers are a powerful tonic and good for insanity. Fruits are useful dysentery and in ophthalmia. Though all parts of the plant are used for curing in different ailments many works have carried out on gum, bark, seeds and leaves. But Pharmacognostical work has not been carried out on pods/fruits. Hence, we have carried out macro microscopiacal, powder studies, physico-chemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the fruits of Acacia nilotica. The microscopic studies revealed the presence of elongated macrosclerides, abundant small starch grains and oil globules, uni seriate short tuffted trichomes, small rounded stone cells, lumen filled with brown content of tannin and thick walled parenchymatous cells of mesocarp region. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, phenols, steroids and tannins.