Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution An International Journal (original) (raw)
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Quality indicators for passport data in ex situ genebanks
Plant Genetic Resources, 2011
Given the increasing importance of data quality for theex situconservation and utilization of plant genetic resources (PGR), an indicator was created that quantifies the level of completeness of passport data. This passport data completeness index (PDCI) uses the presence or absence of data points in the documentation of a genebank accession, taking into account the presence or value of other data points. For example, a wild accession should have a well-defined collection site but no variety name. Any type of accession, wild, landrace, breeding material or modern variety, can attain a maximal score of ten for this index. The applicability of this index was tested on the complete contents of EURISCO, the European catalogue ofex situmaintained PGR containing over one million records. Analysis of the PDCI of the material in EURISCO provided valuable insight in the data quality of European collections. The PDCI can be used to identify datasets that might need additional attention and im...
Germplasm Acquisition and Distribution by CGIAR Genebanks
Plants
The international collections of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) hosted by 11 CGIAR Centers are important components of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization’s global system of conservation and use of PGRFA. They also play an important supportive role in realizing Target 2.5 of the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper analyzes CGIAR genebanks’ trends in acquiring and distributing PGRFA over the last 35 years, with a particular focus on the last decade. The paper highlights a number of factors influencing the Centers’ acquisition of new PGRFA to include in the international collections, including increased capacity to analyze gaps in those collections and precisely target new collecting missions, availability of financial resources, and the state of international and national access and benefit-sharing laws and phytosanitary regulations. Factors contributing to Centers’ distributions of PGRFA included the extent of accession-level informat...
Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2010
Old landraces and obsolete cultivars represent a national heritage that must be conserved for future generations. Similarly, crop wild relatives (CWR) are a valuable gene pool for plant breeding or for direct introduction as a new crop. These materials have been mapped, collected, evaluated, regenerated, and conserved in the Gene Bank. In total, 3726 seed and vegetative samples have been collected in the Czech Republic, as well as 1582 abroad (in Slovakia, Poland and Austria) during cross-border cooperation projects. All collecting sites (over 1000) were located by GPS and plotted using the Geobaze Professional 2.8 mapping software. Altogether, 688 samples were declared as a national collection, and 627 seed accessions were conserved in the Gene Bank. In addition, 842 accessions of fruits were recommended for in situ conservation. Selected species of the families Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Alliaceae, which are rare or threatened in the Czech Republic, have been monitored in situ for 3–...
International Cooperation for the Collection of Endangered Plant Genetic Resources
2019
Plant genetic resources are now confronted with a gradual extinction due to the widespread use of improved uniform varieties, socio-economic changes in agriculture, urbanization of farms mainly. Considering the worldwide trend of genetic erosion or genetic uniformity, em, phasis should be placed on the collection and conservation of endangered plant genetic resources on the earth for future utilization. Since 1983, Japanese scientists have taken part in the international missions organized by the National Institute of Agrobiological Resources (NIAR) and International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) to collect plant genetic resources in South, Southeast and Central Asia. The missions collected a total of 6,549 samples of citrus, cereals, grain legumes, fruit trees, fodder crops and root crops. These international cooperative activities contribute to the collection and ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources in the respective countries. NIAR has also planned joint ex...
2019
Currently, the CGIAR conserve more than 700,000 accessions of crop, trees and forage germplasm, both in the centers' genebanks and in the Svalbald Global Seed Vault. These Ex Situ collections are actively regenerated and preserved in compliance to national and international phytosanitary regulatory requirements for international exchange. CG centers work to characterize, evaluate and improve PGRs, and engage in capacity building, knowledge sharing and technology transfers with farmers and scientists in developing countries to foster PGR sustainable use. CG centers actively participate the Plant Treaty meeting and negotiations. Ultimately, they contribute to identify strategies for resources mobilization for the functioning of the MLS. In 2006, the Crop Trust established by Bioversity International and the CGIAR was recognized as an essential element of the Funding Strategy of the Plant Treaty 3 , in relation to the ex situ conservation and
A Gateway to Plant Genetic Resources Utilization
Acta Horticulturae, 2013
The world is faced with the need to increase crop productivity, develop varieties that are better adapted to face environmental and biological constraints, and meet the needs of local communities. To meet these challenges farmers and breeders must have access to a wide range of plant genetic resources together with the essential information about the traits they possess that facilitates their utilization. Accurate characterization and evaluation data promote utilization, especially if it is available in an easily usable or standard format. Bioversity International (Bioversity) aims to stimulate the characterization and evaluation of germplasm collections by providing uniform standards for the description and exchange of information on plants. The CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) centres along with crop research institutes and networks have collaborated with Bioversity in the production of standards or 'descriptors'. Crop standards are an important tool that permits the international community to find and exchange information in a 'common' language. These standards have been adopted by the GCP (Generation Challenge Programme) Ontology Consortium, FAO WIEWS, EURISCO (the European Plant Genetic Resources Catalogue), CGIAR centres and are also being promoted by the Crop Genebank Knowledge Base and GRIN. These data standards constitute the backbone of the GENESYS global portal for access to information on plant genetic resources. GENESYS heralds a new paradigm for access to and use of these resources. GENESYS 1.0 was released in May 2011 following nearly three years of development by Bioversity on behalf of the CGIAR System-wide Genetic Resources Programme (SGRP) and in partnership with the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and the Global Crop Diversity Trust. It brings together the passport data from three of the major genebank information networks-SINGER (the CGIAR System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources), EURISCO and GRIN, the USDA system which added further value through the inclusion of characterization and evaluation data.
2008
The overall goal of the project “Global Information on Germplasm Accessions” is to improve access by breeders and other users to the germplasm they need in gene banks around the world. The project covers all major food crops, with a focus on 22 crops: banana, barley, beans, breadfruit, cassava, chickpea, coconut, cowpea, faba bean, finger millet, grass pea, maize, major aroids, lentil, pearl millet, pigeon pea, potato, rice, sorghum, sweet potato, wheat, and yam, and a limited number of other crops of interest to the project collaborators.