Grounded Theory: An Effective Method for User Experience Design Research (original) (raw)
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Grounded Design: Integrating Models and Evaluations
In HCI, the key reason for integrating models is to better support design. Since HCI models can be integrated via design, there need be no additional composite model. Even in the human sciences, the integration of all existing models cannot be an end in itself. This position paper presents Grounded Design and Literate Development approaches from the perspective of the Interacting in the Large workshop at CHI 99. It presents their fundamental concepts, reviews experience to date, and presents open issues within Grounded Design and Literate Development for discussion. However, the underlying philosophy of Grounded Design itself is also a focus for discussion, given the distinct position it adopts on model integration. Grounded Design situates model integration in the design phases of interactive systems development, rather than in an early phase of requirements gathering. For this reason, its benefits and drawbacks relative to requirements-based model integration need to be discussed independently of any specific issues raised by Grounded Design and Literate Development.
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Background: Grounded theory is a well-known methodology employed in many research studies. Qualitative and quantitative data generation techniques can be used in a grounded theory study. Grounded theory sets out to discover or construct theory from data, systematically obtained and analysed using comparative analysis. While grounded theory is inherently flexible, it is a complex methodology. Thus, novice researchers strive to understand the discourse and the practical application of grounded theory concepts and processes. Objective: The aim of this article is to provide a contemporary research framework suitable to inform a grounded theory study. Result: This article provides an overview of grounded theory illustrated through a graphic representation of the processes and methods employed in conducting research using this methodology. The framework is presented as a diagrammatic representation of a research design and acts as a visual guide for the novice grounded theory researcher. ...
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We discuss the methodological implications of moving from grounded theory to user requirements for the design of information and communication technologies. This is a problem that is particularly acute for sociology, where theory is seen as a sufficient contribution to knowledge. Cultural theorists have potentially less of a problem moving from the cultural meaning of artefacts to design. The epistemological and methodological shifts are also narrower for the applied sciences. We submit the frameworks and sequencing of the open-ended interview need to be re-structured to ground both theory and user requirements. This is a sounder basis for detailing current and future user requirements from a social perspective.
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Abstract Grounded Theory (GT) is used within HCI research, but nuances and more modern interpretations of the method are rarely discussed. This paper has two intentions: to offer guidance on practical issues when applying GT, and to clarify the space of methodological possibilities. We describe an extended GT study on understanding why practitioners choose particular usability evaluation methods. We describe five stages in this study to highlight our experiences and choices made.
GROUNDED THEORY DESIGN A NEW APPROACH OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
The Basic idea of the grounded theory approach is to read a textual database and discover or label variables (called categories, concepts and properties) and their interrelationships. Data could be observations of behavior, such as interactions and events. A Grounded theory design is a systematic, qualitative procedure used to generate a theory that explains, at a broad conceptual level, a process, an action, or an interaction about a substantive topic. This design was developed by sociologists Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in the late 1960s. We use grounded theory when we need a broad theory or explanation of a process. Grounded theory generates a theory when existing theories do not address our problem or the participants that we plan to study.
Grounded Design – a praxeological IS research perspective
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In this paper, we propose Grounded Design - a particular design research (DR) approach rooted in a practice-theoretical tradition. It assesses the quality of information technology (IT) design through evaluation of emerging changes in social practices, which result from the appropriation and use of IT artifacts. The paper starts with a systematic analysis of the reasons for persistent limitations of traditional information systems DR, specifically in coping with problems of contingency and self-referentiality. Following this critique, the principles of Grounded Design are presented. Grounded Design is applied in case studies where we reconstruct the social practices observed before and during the design and appropriation of innovative IT artifacts. We call these context-specific research endeavors ‘design case studies.’ In conducting these case studies, Grounded Design builds upon well-established research methods such as ethnographical field studies, participatory design and action...
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This paper describes the application of Grounded Theory to an exploration of multimedia design practices. It discusses the opinions of multimedia developers, as elicited from interviews, on the selected design tasks and the processes employed in their completion. Our findings, which emerge from the analysis of the collected data, indicate that the currently available multimedia models do not address some of the important concerns of practitioners. We believe that closing the methodological gaps in these models would provide better support for the multimedia development process.
Grounded Theory as a Methodology for Theory Generation in Information Systems Research
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The purpose of this paper is to understand and evaluate some basic concepts that are related to the Grounded Theory Method of investigation. The work is also extended to highlight how this method might be utilized to generate a theory. The data collection was based on a review of the relevant extant literature and some document analysis. A number of interviews were also carried out to shed further light on the issue. The findings are then used to provide an example that explains how the Grounded Theory Method can be utilized. Finally, the paper presents a theory about Information and communication technology (ICT) comprising five categories. Stemming directly from the developed theory and its categories, the paper presents four hypotheses (with their sub-hypotheses) that were formed.