[The age-related aspects of changes in hormones' level in hypophysis-thyroid and hypophysis-gonads systems in residents of Arkhangelsk] (original) (raw)
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Prz. Antropol.-Anthropol. …, 2005
Involutional changes in the androgenic activity of the male body occur gradually and exhibit high intra-and interpopulational differentiation. These differences make quantitative description of physiological ageing of the male endocrine system considerably difficult. There are also no commonly accepted normal levels for gonadotropin and sex hormone. In the present study the authors have made an attempt to determine the degree of differentiation of gonadotropin and sex hormone levels in ageing men, in three age cohorts of 50, 60 and 70-year old men, and to indicate the normal ranges for gonadotropin and sex hormones levels in the analyzed age groups. The crosssectional survey was conducted in the years 2001-2003. The findings revealed that the knowledge about variation originating from individual differences in gonadotropins and sex hormones levels is of special importance in assessing the normal range of their levels in ageing males.
Endocrinology of the aging male
Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2011
The endocrinology of the aging male is complex, with multiple hormones along the hypothalamicpituitary-testicular (HPT) axis interacting with one another in feedback. As men age, there is a small and progressive (not precipitous, as in women) decline in several sex hormones, in particular testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone, and related increases in luteinizing hormone, folliclestimulating hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin. The importance of these changes is wide-ranging because of the ubiquitous role of sex hormones in male physiology. This chapter discusses the endocrinology of the aging male. We provide an overview of the regulation of the HPT axis with an emphasis on the changes that occur with aging and the measurement of gonadal steroids, including hormone pulsatility, within-subject and circadian variations. The difficulties of assessing the symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism are highlighted. There is a comprehensive discussion of the epidemiology of sex hormone changes, including their age associations, prevalence of symptomatic hypogonadism, secular changes, risk factors, and the association of sex hormones with outcomes.
Gonadal hormones and gonadotrophins in healthy males beyond forty years
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2006
To determine and compare the sex hormones, gonadotrophins and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in healthy males of different age groups. One hundred eighty five consecutive healthy nonobese males of age 40-90 years were studied. Serum samples were assayed for total testosterone, estradiol, LH, FSH and SHBG estimation by radioimmunometric method. The subjects were divided into five age groups and the mean serum concentrations of each parameter were compared among the groups. No significant difference in the mean serum concentrations of total testosterone, SHBG, LH and FSH was found among the different age groups(p> 0.05 by Anova). Significant age related decrease was found in the serum estradiol concentration (p< 0.05) by both Anova and Pearson's Correlation test. There is no significant age related change in serum total testosterone, gonadotrophin and SHBG concentrations in healthy males beyond forty years. Significant age related decrease in serum estradiol needs furth...
CHANGES IN THE PITUITARY-TESTICULAR SYSTEM WITH AGE
Clinical Endocrinology, 1976
In order to provide a comprehensive account of pituitary-testicular function in man, 466 subjects, ranging in age from 2 to 101 years, were studied to examine blood levels of the pituitary gonadotrophins (LH and FSH), the sex steroids testosterone and oestradiol, the binding capacity of the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), the free testosterone and oestradiol fractions, and the transfer constant for the peripheral conversion of testosterone to oestradiol. The results were compared with clinical indices of testicular size, sexual function and secondary sex hair distribution, Serum LH and FSH were low before puberty, increased in pubertal adolescents to levels somewhat above those of adults and subsequently increased progressively over the age of 40 years. Testosterone levels fell slowly after the age of 40, while there was a slight rise in plasma oestradiol with increasing age. FSH and testosterone showed small seasonal variations in young adult men, the lowest values being seen in winter. SHBG binding capacity was high in two prepubertal boys, fell in adult men, but increased in old age. Free testosterone and oestradiol levels fell in old age. The metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of testosterone and oestradiol also fell in old age, while the conversion of testosterone to oestradiol was increased. Many correlations were observed between various hormonal and clinical measurements. The evidence is consistent with a primary decrease in testicular function over the age of 40 years.
Serum levels of gonadotrophins and steroid hormones in the post-menopause and later life
Maturitas, 1988
Changes in the serum levels of gonadotrophins and steroid hormones with increasing age were studied in 449 women aged 40 and over to investigate the relationships between these hormones even V~hUChlifC. The levels of o&radio1 (I+) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) fell after age 50 and remabmd low themafter. However, while serum oestrone (E,). testosterone (I'), delta4-one (A) and pro&tin (PRL) concentrations also decreased initially after age 50 they subsequently rose again progressively and this increase was in fact significant in the case of El. Luteinkdng hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (PSH) rose after age 50, but whereas PSH remained elevated, LH decreased late in life. Cortisol (P) increased significantly after age 70. There was a significant correlation between androgens and E, as well as between E, and LH, even after age 60. Owing to the great heterogeneity of the population studied, it is not yet possible to speculate as to
Age Related Change in Thyroid Function
Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist, 2013
Background: Thyroid hormones play a vital role in metabolism, sensitivity of tissues to other hormones and also in oxygen consumption of almost all cells of the body. However, mild to moderate decrease in function of thyroid gland may occur with advancing age even in apparently healthy elderly subjects. Objectives: To observe age related change in thyroid function status in apparently healthy elderly subjects in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2011. Sixty apparently healthy elderly subjects of both sexes aged 50 to 75 years were taken as study group. They were collected from Probin Nibash Hitoishi Shangha, Agargaon, Dhaka. In addition, 30 apparently healthy young adult subjects aged 20-40 years were included as control. For assessment of thyroid function, serum free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid stimulating hormo...
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2004
Normal aging in men is accompanied by lower serum testosterone (T), GH, and IGF-I concentrations. The mechanisms of the age-related diminution in the activity of the somatotropic axis (somatopause) are uncertain. Several explanations have been proposed, including a lower hypothalamic GHRH output. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the physiological hypogonadism that accompanies normal aging is responsible for GHRH deficiency. We assessed the suppressibility of spontaneous and GHRH-stimulated GH secretion by a specific competitive GHRH receptor antagonist in seven elderly (61-76 yr old) and six young (20-23 yr old) healthy nonobese men. Elderly men then received transdermal T (5 mg/d) for 5-6 wk and had the same experiment repeated. Mean final total T, free T, and dihydrotestosterone increased in elderly men [521.5 ؎ 56.3 vs. 395.4 ؎ 57.2 ng/dl (P ؍ 0.021), 13.8 ؎ 1.3 vs. 10.1 ؎ 1.7 pg/ml (P ؍ 0.017), and 71.4 ؎ 8.9 vs. 41 ؎ 8.1 ng/dl (P ؍ 0.004), respectively] to the levels found in their younger controls, but estradiol did not change (19.1 ؎ 2.5 vs. 18.5 ؎ 2.9 pg/ml; P ؍ 0.67). GH pulse frequency or amplitude and maximum GH were not altered, and the integrated GH concentrations actually decreased. The percent suppression of GH output in the elderly did not change during GHRH antagonist infusion (35.8 ؎ 2.6% vs. 27.7 ؎ 6.5%; P ؍ 0.29). We conclude that the T deficiency of old age is unlikely to be the proximate cause of the somatopause. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 3255-3260, 2004) Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; CV, coefficient of variation; DHT, dihydrotestosterone; IGHC, integrated GH concentration; T, testosterone; WHR, waist to hip ratio. JCEM is published monthly by The Endocrine Society (http://www. endo-society.org), the foremost professional society serving the endocrine community.
Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist, 2010
The structural components of the thyroid gland are very much responsive to many types of stimuli and their adaptation is evident in histological studies. The thyroid follicles change their size and shape with the physiological alterations and pathological deviations. Objective: To observe the histological changes of the thyroid gland with advancing age in Bangladeshi people. and the glands were studied histologically including number and average diameter of the thyroid follicles, percentage proportion of the parenchyma and stroma. Results and conclusion: All the histological values of the thyroid gland studied i.e. number and average diameter of the thyroid follicles and percentage of the parenchyma, are found to increase with advancing age during the first 50 years of life and later decrease.
Thyroid function and aging: gender-related differences
Journal of Endocrinology, 2001
The effects of aging on human or animal thyroid function are still not well defined. We evaluated some aspects of thyroid function during aging using an animal model (young and old Dutch-Miranda rats). In old rats of both genders, serum thyroxine (T4) decreased but serum thyrotrophin (TSH) remained unaltered, suggesting a disturbance in the pituitary-thyroid feedback mechanism during aging. Serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) only decreased in old males, possibly because female rats are almost twice as efficient in hepatic T4 to T3 deiodination. Thyroidal T4-5'-deiodinase activity did not change much during aging, although it decreased slightly in males. Thyroidal iodothyronine-deiodinase type I mRNA expression but not total thyroidal enzymatic activity were higher in female than in male rats. Thus, ovarian/testicular hormones may modulate the expression and/or the activity of hepatic and thyroidal type I iodothyronine-deiodinase. Thyroperoxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) expression...
Testicular endocrine function in the ageing male
Maturitas, 1985
The decrease of plasma testosterone (T) in elderly men may be inherent to the ageing process or secondary to environmental factors such as stress, smoking and physical activity. Plasma T. apparent free T and gonadotropin levels were determined in healthy men aged 26-90 yr living under identical conditions (as monks in a monastery). We found a highly significant age-dependent decrease in T and apparent free T levels. and an increase in gonadotropin levels. The nyctohemeral variation in T levels was lower in elderly than in younger males. When studied in a larger group, smokers had higher T levels than non-smokers, whereas in young men plasma T levels were more sensitive to stress than in elderly men. Neither moderate physical activity, diet nor residence consistently altered plasma T levels. We conclude that the age-associated decrease in plasma T levels is inherent to the ageing process and that the major cause is at the testicular level, although there is evidence for subtle alterations at the hypothalamo-pituitary level.