Secondary Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes: From First Commercial Batteries to Recent Research Activities (original) (raw)

2015, Johnson Matthey Technology Review

Following the development of commercial secondary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), this article illustrates the progress of therein-utilised anode materials from the fi rst successful commercialisation to recent research activities. First, early scientifi c achievements and industrial developments in the fi eld of LIBs, which enabled the remarkable evolution within the last 20 years of this class of batteries, are reviewed. Afterwards, the characteristics of state-of-the-art commercially available anode materials are highlighted with a particular focus on their lithium storage mechanism. Finally, a new class of anode active materials exhibiting a different storage mechanism, namely combined conversion and alloying, is described, which might successfully address the challenges and issues lithiumion battery anodes are currently facing.