GIS Presentation of Latest Results of Climate Parameter Processing in the Republic of Serbia (original) (raw)
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Digital Model of the Mean Annual Temperature and Precipitation in Macedonia
The need of accurate digital map of mean annual temperatures and precipitations today is necessary for each region and country and for variety of purposes. In the past several traditional (hardcopy) and digital maps were created for the area of the Republic of Macedonia. With traditional approach, expert-based several iso-maps were created according to the available data from the meteorological stations and the relief topography. This approach was accurate on the meteorological sites and its vicinity, but further diminished. Also, the maps were in hardcopy with extremely low spatial resolution. The newer approach relies on digital (software) DEM-based interpolation of temperature and precipitation according to the vertical gradients, usually defined by the regressions of renowned Ma-cedonian meteorologist A. Lazarevski (1993) for the period 1951-1980. The problem here is that this author distinct 5-6 regions with different values of vertical gradients and thus distinct regressions. The problem of merging of these isolines for distinct regions appears or the grid is only partially accurate if only the gradients for the largest region were used. Because of these problems in this procedure an approach is used with combination of real data from meteorological stations and vertical gradients. First of all, exact position of 30 meteorological stations is determined and plotted on the map (according to its given coordinates) as a vector points. For each point (meteorological station) the mean annual temperature and precipitation sum (standard period 1961-1990) is entered as attribute value. Gridding (rasterization) of these data is performed with interpolation from points using Modified Quadratic Shepard module in SAGA GIS v2. The produced grid is checked well for consistency and accuracy. Also, regression analysis is made for temperature and precipitation as a scatterplot in regard to the 15 m DEM of the Republic of Macedonia. In such way, suitable regressions were calculated and compared with regressions of Lazarevski (1993). With these regressions, raster grids of mean temperature and precipitation based on vertical gradients were generated. Final maps are produced with averaging of grids of interpolated real data and vertical gradient grids. Resolution of the maps for practical purposes is reduced to 100 m which is considered as fairly enough for general purposes. The results show that mean annual temperature in the country is in range from 0.2°C to 14.6°C with average of 9.9°C. It is slightly higher than the values from the WorldClim (Hijmans et al., 2005), with range from 0.03°C to 14.6°C and 9.7°C as average (for the period 1950-2000). The precipitation grid shows range from 444 mm to 1103 mm with 660 mm of average which is bellow the values of WorldClim (443 mm to 1173 mm and 730 mm of average). Compared with data from the meteorological stations, mean precipitation inaccuracy of the WorldClim is 13.9%, while for our 60 m model it is 6.8%. Mean temperature inaccuracy is larger in both models: 24.5% for WorldClim vs. 15.4% for our model. The higher inaccuracy in WorldClim model is due to the much lower resolution (about 1 km), coarser selection of stations and the different period of 1950-2000 vs. 1961-1990 in our model. However, keep in mind the global coverage, WorldClim data for Macedonia are well tolerable.
Temperature and Precipitation Changes in Serbia Between 1961 and 2010
2017
The study aimed to evaluate spatiotemporal changes of temperature and precipitation in Serbia using observations from 26 meteorological stations over the period 1961-2010. Temporal trends were determined by a least-squares linear regression method for each station and for the entire Serbian territory using the average series for the periods 1961-2010 and 1986-2010. It was found that both minimum and maximum temperatures had significantly increased in Serbia, with the greater magnitude in the recent-past. Annual precipitation has not displayed significant change over the entire period. In the more recent period, a lager increase in precipitation was recorded, significant at a greater number of stations.
Analysis of Climate Change in the Area of Vojvodina-Republic of Serbia and Possible Consequences
Journal of Geographical Research
Climate change conditions a wide range of impacts such as the impact on weather, but also on ecosystems and biodiversity, agriculture and forestry, human health, hydrological regime and energy. In addition to global warming, local factors affecting climate change are being considered. Presentation and analysis of the situation was carried out using geoinformation technologies (radar recording, remote detection, digital terrain modeling, cartographic visualization and geostatistics). This paper describes methods and use of statistical indicators such as LST, NDVI and linear correlations from which it can be concluded that accelerated construction and global warming had an impact on climate change in period from 1987 to 2018 in the area of Vojvodina – Republic of Serbia. Also, using the global SRTM DEM, it is shown how the temperature behaves based on altitude change. Conclusions and possible consequences in nature and society were derived.
Changes and contemporary trends in the annual amounts of precipitation in Serbia
Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society
The Republic of Serbia is а continental country located in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, in Southeast Europe. In terms of physical characteristics, Serbia is divided into two parts: Pannonian part and mountainous part. The northern part of the country is located in the valley of the Middle Danube, the Sava River valley and the Tisza River valley. In the middle part of the country, the river valleys of the Drina, the Kolubara and the Morava are located. For the purposes of this research, the authors have used the annual precipitation data from 15 meteorological stations distributed throughout the Republic of Serbia. The data from these meteorological stations for the period between 1991 and 2019 has been provided by The Serbian Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology. This data has been used to calculate the annual amount of precipitation, and the trends in annual precipitation.
Interpolation and Extrapolation of Precipitation Quantities in Serbia
The aim of this paper is to indicate the problems with filling the missing data in precipitation database using interpolation and extrapolation methods. Investigated periods were from 1981 to 2010 for Northern (Autonomous Province of Vojvodina) and Proper Serbia and from 1971 to 2000 for Southern Serbia (Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohia). Database included time series from 78 meteorological stations that had less than 20% of missing data. Interpolation was performed if station had missing data for five consecutive months or less. If station had missing data for six consecutive months or more, extrapolation was performed. For every station with mising data correlation with at least three surrounding stations was performed. The lowest acceptable value of correlation coefficient for precipitation was set at 0,300.
Spatial-temporal variability of air temperatures in Serbia in the period 1961-2010
Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA, 2018
The aim of this paper is to examine the spatial and temporal variability of the average monthly, seasonal and annual air temperatures in Serbia. Therefore, data from 64 climatologic stations were analyzed in the period from 1961 to 2010. Based on the data, on the position of the stations (their latitude, longitude, altitude), and the characteristics of the terrain in their vicinity (inclination and terrain exposure in a radius of 10 km around the station), a regression model was constructed based on which air temperatures are interpolated for the territory of Serbia. The rootmean-square error (RMSE) of the regression model ranged from 0.2 ºC in January, February and November to 1.1 ºC in August. Spatial distribution of air temperatures is shown (maps of mean monthly, mean seasonal and mean annual air temperatures are made), and the Sen's procedure was used to calculate trends of air temperatures (maps of average monthly, mean seasonal and mean annual trends of air temperatures). The Mann-Kendall test was used to test the significance of air temperature trends. Apart from the southeast, the whole territory of Serbia has practically experienced a statistically significant rise in the average annual air temperature, with the highest increase in the summer and winter months.
International Journal of Climatology, 2000
This study proposes an empirical methodology for modelling and mapping the air temperature (mean maximum, mean and mean minimum) and total precipitation, all of which are monthly and annual, using geographical information systems (GIS) techniques. The method can be seen as an alternative to classical interpolation techniques when spatial information is available. The geographical area used to develop and apply this model is Catalonia (32000 km 2 , northeast Spain). We have developed a multiple regression analysis between these meteorological variables as the dependent ones, and some geographical variables (altitude (ALT), latitude (LAT), continentality (CON), solar radiation (RAD) and a cloudiness factor (CLO)) as the independent ones. Data for the dependent variables were obtained from meteorological stations, and data for the independent variables were elaborated from a 180 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM). Multiple regression coefficients (b n) were used to build final maps, using digital layers for each independent variable, and applying basic GIS techniques. The results are very satisfactory in the case of mean air temperature and mean minimum air temperature, with coefficients of determination (R 2) between 0.79 and 0.97, depending on the month; in the case of mean maximum air temperature, R 2 ranges between 0.70 and 0.89, while in the case of precipitation, it ranges between 0.60 and 0.91.
Spatiotemporal variability of air temperatures in Central Serbia from 1949 to 2018
Időjárás
The paper presents trends for three categories of variables: average annual, average maximum and average minimum air temperatures. Data was provided by the meteorological yearbooks of the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. The main goal of this paper is to detect possible temperature trends in Central Serbia. The trend equation, trend magnitude, and Mann-Kendall non-parametric test were used in the analysis of climate parameters. The used statistical methods were supplemented by GIS numerical analysis, which aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of isotherms from 1949 to 2018. The obtained results indicate that out of the 72 analyzed time series, an increase in air temperature is dominant in 61 time series, while 11 time series show no changes. The highest increase was recorded in the average maximum time series (4.2 °C), followed by an increase of 3.5°C in average maximum air temperatures. The highest increase in the average annual time-series was 3.0 °C. The lowes...
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece
Due to increased demand and use of water resources, the European Union has established the (WFD) Water Framework Directive 2000/60 for Community action in the field of water policy. In order to achieve better water protection and management, Member States must identify and analyse European waters, on the basis of individual river basin and district. Precipitation and air temperature are directly related and at the same way interacted to the hydrological cycle and therefore with water resources. The objective on this study is to present the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and air temperature in Macedonia, by using GIS software (ArcMap 9.3). The data used were retrieved from 82 different meteorological stations, which belong to the Ministry of Rural Development and Food, and correspond to the thirty year period (1974-2004); all stations provided continuous daily data of precipitation while 43 of them provided also daily data of temperature. The annual temperature r...
Climate trends of temperature and precipitation in Nisava river valley (Serbia) for 1960-2015 period
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Since climate plays a crucial role on our planet and is an inseparable part of all human activities, it is necessary to precisely record all parameters in order to estimate current climate conditions, climate characteristics of a certain region, as well as to try to predict and calculate further trends of climate change. Therefore, for the purpose of this paper, air temperature and precipitation of four meteorological stations in the Nišava river valley in Southeastern Serbia (municipalities of Dimitrovgrad, Pirot, Bela Palanka and Niš) have been considered for the period 1960-2015 along with statistical methods for analysis of these parameters and prediction of their trends. Results have shown that there is a positive trend in mean annual air temperatures and average seasonal air temperatures for the whole region which can influence natural processes and human activities. For precipitation, it can be concluded that no significant change in mean annual precipitation for the observed period has occurred. However, there is a great difference in the amount of precipitation between consecutive years, especially from 2000 onwards which can cause very dry years or years with floods.