Further Evidence of the Association Between Periodontal Conditions and Coronary Artery Disease (original) (raw)
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Cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and periodontal infection
Periodontology 2000, 2007
Inflammation plays a central and continuous role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis from its initiation to the development of clinical complications (Table 1) (58, 60). Normally, endothelial cells, which form the innermost surface of the artery wall, resist adhesion by circulating leukocytes. Several exposures or risk factors for atherosclerosis upset this homeostasis. Factors, such as a smoking, hypertension,
Periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease: the heart of the matter
The Journal of the American Dental …, 2006
Summary. An association exists between periodontal disease and CVD. It is unknown, however, whether this relationship is causal or coincidental. Early studies predominantly used nonspecific clinical and radiographic definitions of periodontal disease as surrogates for ...
Periodontitis and cardiovascular disease have an association as there are a couple of common etiological factors between the two. There have been an extensive investigation in the recent years on the relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. This research mostly focused on the fact that periodontitis is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD). This article reviews the association between periodontitis and CVD. In addition, the potential mechanisms of any association between periodontitis and CVD as well as the effects of periodontal treatment on CVD are discussed. As periodontitis and cardiovascular disease have common risk factors researchers have investigated the relationship between the two in the recent decades. As a result of these research, a relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease has been found. Our aim in this article is to investigate the etiological relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease and the mechanisms involved in this association.
Cardiovascular disease versus periodontal disease: chronic systemic infection as a link
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 2011
Objective: Analysis of the alleged connection between the periodontal and cardiovascular disease, with reference to periodontal pathogens as a risk factor for heart disease. Researching method: A research was carried out at Medline/Pubmed. Included criteria and researching strategy. The articles selection has been made taking into account key-terms appearing either in the title or in the summary. Experimental studies in animals, clinical prospective studies performed with a minimum sample size (>30) and studies written in English have been included. The rejected criteria were the following: clinical retrospective studies and/or studies carried out with a low sample size (n<30). Results: Within systemic diseases related to periodontal ones, the alleged link between periodontal and heart and circulatory disease has been one of the most investigated in recent times. Different authors consider the existence of a link between the diseases as such, inappropriate and implausible since both the diseases have risk factors in common (age, gender, smoking, diet, oral hygiene and diabetes). However, speculations about the origin of the diseases were raised when it was demonstrated that some bacteria species, bacteria proteins and lipopolysaccharide are present at the plaques of atherosclerosis that obstruct the coronary arteries. The mechanisms of this connection have been analyzed following an actualized review. Conclusion: Most of the experimental and clinical studies ensure that a positive association between periodontal disease and heart disease has been found, once the con-founder factors have been eliminated.
Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Risk
Revista de Chimie
Atherosclerosis is a major component of the cardiovascular diseases and is centered by inflammation but its well-known predictors do not explain some of the atherosclerotic vascular disease events, generating the need to look for independent additional risk factors. Periodontitis, a chronic infection produced by oral bacteria and affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, seems to be linked with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through several mechanisms, like genetic susceptibility, systemic inflammation, infection, and the molecular mimicry, the association being worsened in the presence of diabetes. The epidemiological studies revealed a modest but significant association between periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease, independent of the effect of confounding factors, but the definite effect of periodontitis and its treatment on the incidence of cardiovascular events requires further clarifications.
The relationship of periodontal disease to cardiovascular diseases--review of literature
2006
Association of Oral and Systemic diseases has gained importance because the high occurrence of oral diseases is an extremely common source of infection. Epidemiological Studies have presented periodontal diseases as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. A chronic oral infection such as periodontitis is a constant potential source of infection and has now been considered as a separate risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, peripheral arterial disease and respiratory diseases as well as delivery of low-birth-weight infants. The possible pathways linking oral infections to systemic diseases are metastatic infections, bacterial endotoxins, and systemic vascular injury. People with a history of periodontal disease and/or tooth loss were found at higher risk for Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as compared to those without periodontal disease and/or tooth loss. All studies on the relationship of periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseas...
Periodontitis as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease with its treatment modalities: A review
Journal of Molecular Pathophysiology, 2012
There is now a convincing body of evidence that mechanism of atherosclerosis has a major inflammatory component and it is much more than the simple accumulation of lipids on the vascular walls. Studies have shown that certain other mild bacterial infections consist a major risk factor for stroke in young and middle aged patients. Several possible mechanisms could explain the observed association between infection and infraction. The evidence supports the premise that periodontitis leads to systemic exposure to oral bacteria and that the resulting production of inflammatory mediators is capable of initiating or supporting mechanisms associated to development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. As we become more familiar to the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease it is likely that in the future periodontal disease may be added to the list of the factors which are used to assess patients' risk profile for coronary heart disease and stroke. Safe and effective periodontal treatment requires knowledge and understanding of diseases specifically those affecting the cardiovascular system in order to institute necessary modifications to periodontal therapy accordingly. Considering the high incidence of periodontal diseases in elderly individuals, the periodontist must be prepared to provide periodontal therapeutic support for an increasing number of cardiovascular patients. In this review, common cardiovascular disorders and associated periodontal issues will be discussed briefly.