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Discerning heat transfer in building materials
The function of a building is to ensure safety and thermal comfort for healthy living conditions. Buildings primarily comprise an envelope, which acts as an interface separating the external environment from the indoors environment. The building envelope is primarily responsible for regulating indoor thermal comfort in response to external climatic conditions. It usually comprises a configuration of building materials to thus far provide requisite structural performance. However, studies into building-envelope configurations to provide a particular thermal performance are limited. As the building envelope is exposed to the external environment there will be heat and moisture transfer to the indoor environment through it. The overall phenomenon of heat and moisture transfer depends on the microstructure and configuration within the building material. Further, thermal property of a material is generally dependent on its microstructure, which comprises a network of pores and particles arranged in a definite structure. Thermal behaviour of a building material thus depends on the thermal conductivities of the solid particles, pore micro-structure and its constituent fluid (air and/or moisture). The thermal response of a building envelope is determined by the thermal characteristics of the individual building materials and its configuration. Understanding the heat transfer influenced by the complex networks of pores and particles is a relatively new study in the area of building climatic-response. The current study reviews the heat-transfer mechanisms that determine the thermal performance of a building material attributed to its micro-structure. A theoretical basis for the same is being evolved and its relevance in regulating heat-transfer through building envelopes, walls in particular, is reviewed in this paper.
Applicability of Deep Learning Models for Stock Price Forecasting An Empirical Study on BANKEX Data
Procedia Computer Science , 2018
Stock price time series are extremely nonlinear in nature and hence, accurate stock price forecasting has been a challenge. Accurate prediction of stock prices and the direction of stock price movement is also essential for a stock trader/investor in order to trade profitably. A deep learning approach to stock price forecasting is presented in this study. A total of fourteen different deep learning models based on Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurring Unit (GRU), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) are designed and empirically evaluated on all stocks in the S&P BSE-BANKEX index for their ability to generate one-step ahead and four-step ahead forecasts. Performance of the proposed systems is evaluated in terms of the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Directional Accuracy (DA) and the Median Absolute Percentage Error (MdAPE). Results indicate that deep learning models proposed in this study are capable of generating highly accurate stock price forecasts.
Wear Behaviour of Epoxy Hybrid Particulate Composites
Procedia Engineering, 2014
This paper presents the tribological behaviour of epoxy composites containing three different particulate fillers. The RT cured epoxy composites subjected to post cure cycle containing particulate Gr, SiC and Gr-SiC of length 25mm and diameter 10mm were the pin specimens and EN31 steel was the disc of the computerized pin on disc wear tester. The results show that the synergic effect of hybrid filler Gr-SiC is to improve the wear resistance when compared with that of Gr/SiC. The improvement in wear resistance for the composite containing 5%SiC 35%Graphite is 85% when compared with epoxy, 25% over composite containing 40%Gr and 36% over 40%SiC. The composites containing 5% Gr and 35% SiC exhibits highest wear resistance.
Location Suitable for the Implementation of Carsharing in the City of São Paulo
25th International Conference on Production Research, 2019
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between carsharing and urban mobility in the context of smart cities. These themes converge with the current trend of the city and the introduction of new technologies to make life easier for citizens. The smart cities offer strategic principles aligning to the three main dimensions integration of infrastructures and technology-mediated services, social learning for strengthening human infrastructure, and governance for institutional improvement and citizen engagement. A growing number of cities are implementing carsharing programs to increase this transportation model, and São Paulo (Brazil) is one of these cities around de world. That model provides the general public with affordable access to public car, and can promote the integration of public transport systems and carsharing programs to improve mobility, traffic and environment related problems. One of the key factors for the success of such programs is the location of car stations in relation to potential transport demand. This study proposes a GIS-based method to calculate the spatial distribution of the potential demand for trips, locate stations using location-allocation models, and determine the best location to settle car-sharing stations. The results obtained shows which are the best places for the implementation of carsharing and its possible partnerships with several types of commercial establishments in the city of São Paulo.
Sizing, Shape, and Topology Optimizations of Roof Trusses Using Hybrid Genetic Algorithms
Procedia Engineering, 2014
Structural optimizations have received great attention from structural engineers. Several optimization methods have been proposed including evolutionary strategies and genetic algorithms. This paper considers hybrid genetic algorithms for roof tr uss optimizations. Practically, roof truss optimizations are unique. In this case, the pitch angles are usually governed by roof covering types. In the optimization process, the pitch angle is set to constant, while the coordinates of the joints are determined by genetic algorithms. The optimization process utilizes hybrid genetic algorithms, i.e., a combination of binary and real coded genetic algorithms. Genetic algorithms are optimization methods that have been used successfully for various problems. For the sizing, shape and topology optimizations considered in this paper, the area of cross section and the number of members connected to every node are optimized using binary coded genetic algorithms, while the coordinates of the nodes are determined using real coded genetic algorithms. The optimization process for binary and real coded algorithms is done subsequently. The use of real coding for joint coordinates of structures gives the program the flexibility to obtain the final position of the joints. The arithmetic crossover is used to tackle this matter. In every generation, a portion of new individuals is inserted randomly replacing the old individuals. This can be considered to increase the variability of the population. In addition, the fittest individual is always transferred into the next generation. The penalty to the individuals that are violating the constraint is set to a minimum fitness in this paper. It can be shown that the proposed procedure is able to obtain the optimum design of roof truss structures.
Classification of tidal inlets along the central east coast of India
Coastal inlets are the openings along the coastline that provide a linkage between the open ocean and the hinterland water bodies. These coastal inlets are varied in nature depending on many influencing parameters such as tide, wind, river flow and waves. Amongst these parameters, the tides are the most regular while waves and freshwater flow are more seasonal. The tidal inlets have to be examined and studied to understand the nearshore coastal processes. The inlet remains stable (i.e. open) as long as the alongshore sediment bypasses the tidal inlet. Classification of coastal systems in a broader view is necessary for the management of tidal inlets. There are several methods to classify tidal inlets based on different perspectives namely geo-morphological, hydrodynamic etc. In the present study, tidal inlet classification is carried out considering the hydrodynamics and morphodynamics along the Andhra Pradesh coast, considering the classification method as in and Thuy (2013). The Hayes (1984) classification considers only the tidal range and significant wave height, whereas Thuy (2013) considers discharge due to tide (~Tidal prism /tide duration) and wave (~). A total of 108 tidal inlets along Andhra Pradesh coast on the east coast of India are classified considering annual mean wave height (Hs) as well as seasonal wave heights. This paper presents the methods used and results of the coastal classification along the central east coast of India.
Procedia Technology, 2014
The design of any machine tool is required to possess rigidity, impact resistance and absorption or damping of vibrations. The structural member needs to be lightweight satisfying the strength requirement. This paper deals with the optimum design of thin plated steel box column of a pillar-type drilling machine. Under dynamic conditions, the maximum permissible inclination of the drill resulting from the deformation tells upon the accuracy of the hole. The existing formulation of behavioral and geometric constraint equations is solved by means of (i) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results obtained with PSO are compared with (i) exhaustive search results (ii) results obtained by using Davidon-Fletcher-Powell (DFP) method and (iii) results obtained using genetic algorithm (GA) available in the literature. The results are presented in the form of optimum values of crosssectional dimensions for minimum weight of column. The agreement and the enhancement in results indicate the fruitful application of PSO to the present case.
Mapping of real estate prices using data mining techniques
The paper describes an innovative software that is used for real estate evaluation and mapping and analyzing of real estate advertisements published on the internet in the Czech Republic. The software systematically collects, analyzes and assesses data about the changes in the real estate market. For each half year, the software assembles over 650,000 price quotations concerning sale or rental of apartments, houses, business properties and building lots. All real estate advertisements are continuously stored in a software database and are thoroughly analyzed for their credibility. There have been numerous articles concerning real estate market analysis in both mass media and scholarly publications. Unfortunately, not all presented information is objective and unbiased. Many cases by " independent specialists " have stated information with no verified research. We have witnessed manipulation of information by lobbies (such as banks offering mortgage agents, real estate companies and agents, building companies, developers, majority owners, etc.). The author of this paper offers objective and unbiased evaluation of price development in real estate market. The author brings forward information based on extensive research and large amounts of statistical data which has been collected continuously from year 2007 until today.
Homogeneity Aspects of Sustainability Disclosure: A Study on OCEPAR, Brazil
Procedia Manufacturing, 2019
This paper intends to study homogeneity regarding sustainability disclosure evidence aspects in the strategic guidelines and operational practices of agricultural cooperatives associated with OCEPAR, located in Paraná State, Brazil. The research approach is descriptive and applies quantitative techniques for analyzing data. Data collection came from 2014 annual reports covering the 16 largest agricultural cooperatives of OCEPAR. For the evaluation, 34 variables were selected, classified into four dimensions, according to their organizational nature. For the sustainability aspects evidence assessment, a score of 0, 1 and 2 was considered for entities that did not publish, generically publish or specifically publish such information. In addition to the descriptive statistics, the hierarchical cluster analysis was used with the following parameters: Ward's method and squared Euclidean distance. The Dendrogram indicated the existence of, at least, two main groups, with eight cooperatives each. Comparison tests for independent samples, both parametric (t-test) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney U), show that the four categories which show the sustainability aspects of OCEPAR's cooperatives are discriminating among themselves, indicating, therefore, the occurrence of heterogeneity regarding such practices. In consequence, there is a group which level of cooperative's disclosure is above average, while on the other group the level of disclosure is below average. For future research, it is suggested to investigate the causes of this polarization. Abstract This paper intends to study homogeneity regarding sustainability disclosure evidence aspects in the strategic guidelines and operational practices of agricultural cooperatives associated with OCEPAR, located in Paraná State, Brazil. The research approach is descriptive and applies quantitative techniques for analyzing data. Data collection came from 2014 annual reports covering the 16 largest agricultural cooperatives of OCEPAR. For the evaluation, 34 variables were selected, classified into four dimensions, according to their organizational nature. For the sustainability aspects evidence assessment, a score of 0, 1 and 2 was considered for entities that did not publish, generically publish or specifically publish such information. In addition to the descriptive statistics, the hierarchical cluster analysis was used with the following parameters: Ward's method and squared Euclidean distance. The Dendrogram indicated the existence of, at least, two main groups, with eight cooperatives each. Comparison tests for independent samples, both parametric (t-test) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney U), show that the four categories which show the sustainability aspects of OCEPAR's cooperatives are discriminating among themselves, indicating, therefore, the occurrence of heterogeneity regarding such practices. In consequence, there is a group which level of cooperative's disclosure is above average, while on the other group the level of disclosure is below average. For future research, it is suggested to investigate the causes of this polarization.
Basically robots are designed in such way that they remove human intervention from labour intensive and hazardous work environment, sometimes they are also used to explore inaccessible work places which are generally impossible to access by humans. The inspection of pipe comes in same category because they carry toxic chemicals, fluids and most of the time has small internal diameter or bends which become inaccessible to human. The complex internal geometry and hazard content constraints of pipes demand robots for inspection of such pipes in order to check corrosion level of pipe, recovery of usable parts from pipe interior, sampling of sludge and scale formation on pipe internal surface etc. Several designs of In-pipe inspection robots (IPIR) have been proposed in the literature to solve the problems related with inspection of these complicated internal geometries. Designing of an in-pipe inspection robot (IPIR) is a difficult task and hence the designer must take care of the design issues like Mobility, Steer ability, Turning radius, Size and shape adaptability, Online adaptability, Flexibility, Stability, Autonomous operation and obstacle avoidance, Efficiency at uneven surface, Safe operation, Material selection, Type of task to be performed inside the pipe, Number of actuators, Operation in active pipe line, Retrieval of robot, User friendly navigation and control system, Range of operation, Quantitative analysis of defects inside the pipe. Based on above, this research work presents investigations into design issues pertaining to development of In-pipe inspection robotics and proposes a new model of an In-pipe inspection robot to overcome some critical design issues. This proposed model is a screw drive type wall press adaptable wheeled In-pipe inspection robot. It is able to move through vertical, horizontal pipes and it can easily pass through elbow of a pipe line. This model comprises of three modules-rotor, stator and control unit. The Rotor module has three wheels mounted on the outer periphery with a helix angle of 15. Wheels of rotor follow the helical path on the internal surface of pipe line and move in the longitudinal direction inside the pipe.