BLACK BOX ARC MODELING OF HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER USING MATLAB/SIMULINK (original) (raw)
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Numerical Arc Model Parameter Extraction for SF6 Circuit Breaker Simulations
In recent years some work has been conducted in the area of circuit breakers modeling in order to improve the capability of high voltage circuit breakers through simulations. Most of the research has been concentrated in describing the circuit breaker behavior by mathematical modeling, as well as numerical modeling of the pre or post current zero periods. The fundamental problem when trying to implement the existing models is to obtain reliable values of the unknown parameters of the mathematical model. Through this work a modified Cassie-Mayr model has been implemented in both EMTP (Electro-Magnetics Transients Program) and MATLAB. The EMTP simulation produces current and voltage oscillograms that are then supplied to the optimization routine in MATLAB for evaluation and validation of the parameter extraction procedure. T he modified Cassie-Mayr model has proved to be a reliable tool for the study of arc interruption of high-pressure gas circuit breakers because it takes into account pre and post current-zero conditions. The Cassie-Mayr model has four constant parameters, which changes according to the device (interrupter) and external circuit conditions. This work aims to develop a better parameter extraction routine, which is based on the MATLAB optimization function of nonlinear least squares. In this work we present the results of the parameter extraction routine developed to determine the four parameters from voltage and current oscillograms of tested and/or simulated devices.
A method of obtaining of electric arc model parameters for SF6 power circuit breakers
IEEE EUROCON 2009, 2009
In this work, a new method for calculating the parameters of electric arc model for SF 6 power circuit breaker is proposed. The methodology consists in the optimization of a theoretical function with respect to a group of model parameters in order to achieve a better approximation to a set of experimental data. The theoretical function is an asymptotic solution of the equation for the electric arc model obtained in a selected period of time. The developed method is applied to calculate the parameters of an arc model previously published in the literature. By using the variation of the cooling power, an improved electric arc model is also obtained including its parameters. The new model has a very compact form and exhibit a good correlation between voltage curves measured and calculated.
A METHOD OF OBTAINING OF ELECTRIC ARC MODEL PARAMETERS FOR SF6 POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS
A new method of calculating parameters of electric arc model of SF 6 power circuit breaker is proposed. The methodology consists in the optimization of a theoretical function with respect to a group of parameters of model in order to achieve a better approximation to a set of experimental data. The theoretical function is an asymptotic solution for the voltage that is obtained for a selected period of time. The developed method is applied to obtain the parameters of an arc model previously published in the literature. By means of a variation of the cooling power P 0 +P 1 iu, a new electric arc model is obtained including the additional parameters of model. The new model has a very compact form and results in a better correlation between the theoretical voltage curves and the experimental oscillograms.
Parameters affecting the arcing time of HVDC circuit breakers using black box arc model
IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2018
Arc interruption of high voltage direct current (HVDC) circuit breakers (CBs) is one of the main challenging factors for using HVDC grids. To evaluate the arc interrupting capability in HVDC CBs, black box arc models are used to represent the nonlinear arc conductance depending on Cassie and Mayr dynamic arc equations. Extensive simulation studies are carried out to investigate the effect of controlled and uncontrolled parameters on the CB arcing time. A real line represents a part of 500 kV electrical connection systems between Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is simulated to be a faulty load. It is found that the arcing time of the HVDC CB can be reduced by increasing the value of cooling power coefficient (p) and decreasing the value of arc time constant (τ). It is also deduced that the arcing time is reduced by the increase of the commutation capacitance value (C) and decreasing the commutation inductance (L) value and vice versa. Moreover, it is concluded that the arcing time is greatly affected by the fault location and the fault arc resistance (R f) according to fault conditions.
Arc models for simulating processes in circuits with a SF6 circuit breaker
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This paper demonstrates that if a linear dependence of arc dissipated power on power supplied is introduced at an initial stage of analysis, then, with some simplifying assumptions, the classical Mayr model is obtained. Similarly, if this dependence is taken into account in a model with residual conductance, the modified Mayr model is obtained. The study takes into consideration the local phenomenon of sudden voltage drop accompanying linear current decrease occurring in the circuit breaker. To account for this phenomenon, the Dirac delta function and its approximation by a Gaussian function, representing power or enthalpy disturbances, are introduced to the power balance equation. It is demonstrated that both variants yield the same effect, leading to identical differential equations. Macromodels of the circuit-breaker arc are created and connected with the power source circuit with lin- early decreasing current. The results obtained were found to be consistent with experimental da...
Low-voltage circuit breaker arcs—simulation and measurements
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2013
As one of the most important electrical components, the low-voltage circuit breaker (LVCB) has been widely used for protection in all types of low-voltage distribution systems. In particular, the low-voltage dc circuit breaker has been arousing great research interest in recent years. In this type of circuit breaker, an air arc is formed in the interrupting process which is a 3D transient arc in a complex chamber geometry with splitter plates. Controlling the arc evolution and the extinction are the most significant problems. This paper reviews published research works referring to LVCB arcs. Based on the working principle, the arcing process is divided into arc commutation, arc motion and arc splitting; we focus our attention on the modelling and measurement of these phases. In addition, previous approaches in papers of the critical physical phenomenon treatment are discussed, such as radiation, metal erosion, wall ablation and turbulence in the air arc. Recommendations for air arc modelling and measurement are presented for further investigation.
A method of obtaining of electric arc model parameters for SF6 power breakers
2009
A new method of calculating parameters of electric arc model of SF6 power circuit breaker is proposed. The methodology consists in the optimization of a theoretical function with respect to a group of parameters of model in order to achieve a better approximation to a set of experimental data. The theoretical function is an asymptotic solution for the voltage that is obtained for a selected period of time. The developed method is applied to obtain the parameters of an arc model previously published in the literature. By means of a variation of the cooling power P0 + P1iu, a new electric arc model is obtained including the additional parameters of model. The new model has a very compact form and results in a better correlation between the theoretical voltage curves and the experimental oscillograms.
A study of multi-break HVDC gaseous circuit breaker performance by using black box arc model
Electrical Engineering, 2020
The development of the renewable energy and the need of medium-and high-voltage direct current circuit breakers are the keys in the development of medium-and high-voltage transmission systems. It can be used in high-voltage systems as cascaded interrupters. In this paper, the cascaded interrupters of gaseous circuit breakers are simulated using black box arc models. The influences of the models parameters on the arc interruption time are studied. MATLAB/Simulink program is employed to carry out this study. It is concluded that the simulated results by employing black box arc models achieve a success in multi-break HVDC gaseous circuit breakers simulation. Employing BBAM models has proved more flexibility to study the effect of different controlled and uncontrolled parameters on the multi-break HVDCGCB arcing time. That has proved more flexibility to study the effect of different controlled and uncontrolled parameters on the arcing time. From the investigated forty cases done to check the Mayr's model validity in the HVDC CD simulation, it is found that the values of P and which give acceptable outputs are at = 10 −6 s , and P in range of 10 7-10 11 W. The output of the case = 10 −6 s , P = 10 10 W, which is introduced in the paper has proved that when reached to 10 −7 s, the MOV current rises and drops and thereafter rises and gradually decreases. This may lead to CB failure; Com parameters influences on the interrupter performance are investigated and proved good simulation of the gaseous circuit breaker interrupter. The commutation parameters affecting the interrupter performance are investigated. Investigation of the change in the fault arc resistance and the fault location on the DC line on the arcing time is presented. Finally the impact of the changing of fault resistance value on arcing time and the damping resistance influence on the transient recovery voltage is also investigated. Additionally, the initial transient interruption and the metal oxide varistor voltages are analyzed. Keywords Gaseous circuit breakers • Black box arc models • Transient recovery voltage • The arc time constant Abbreviations ACZC Artificial current zero crossing BBAMs Black box arc models BCB Backup CB CBs Circuit breakers Com Commutation EMR Electromagnetic repulsion actuators HVDCGCB High-voltage direct current gaseous circuit breaker HVDC High-voltage direct current HVDCCB High-voltage direct current circuit breaker
TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES
The principal function of circuit breakers (CBs) is to isolate a portion of the power network from the rest of it in a timely manner following an opening command. Any failure in the opening operation of CBs, especially following a fault condition, will almost certainly result in a catastrophic event. Therefore, the issue of failure detection of CBs is essential and has a vital role in power system protection. This paper presents a novel power-based algorithm for failure detection of CBs. The power loss of CBs due to an arcing event increases as the arcing time gets longer. The arcing time of CBs increases with defective operations originating from any failure or malfunction for different reasons. The proposed method uses the power difference between the input and output terminals of CBs to calculate the power loss due to an arcing event, which can then be used to estimate the arcing energy. A trip signal is initiated whenever the estimated arcing energy for a single opening operation reaches a predefined trip level, which shows a failure in CB operation. This predefined trip value is related to the integration of the maximum power capacity of the CB during an opening operation time. Computer simulation studies conducted to analyze the performance of the proposed technique demonstrate that the algorithm is capable of discriminating between normal and abnormal arcing energies and thus identifying malfunctions or failures in the opening operations of CBs.