Gender-based differences in the high-risk sexual behaviours of young people aged 15-29 in Melilla (Spain): a cross-sectional study (original) (raw)
Condom Use Measurement in 56 Studies of Sexual Risk Behavior: Review and Recommendations
Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2006
Despite numerous studies that measure self-reported condom use, there is currently no agreed upon "gold standard" in terms of the best way to assess condom use. The purpose of the current study was to review measures of self-reported condom use within correlational studies of sexual risk behavior, and to evaluate such measures on the basis of suggestions from the methodological literature. An additional purpose was to examine specifically whether measures published in the correlational literature have improved over time. A systematic review of studies was undertaken and specific review criteria were used to guide the inclusion of studies. A final set of 56 studies that contained 72 measures of self-reported condom use were included in the review. These measures were coded and evaluated on 12 dimensions, including measure type, number of response categories, recall period, sex partner specificity, and sex act specificity. Results indicated a great amount of diversity in terms of how condom use has been measured in the literature. Although results indicated that measures published between 1996 and 2003 were of higher quality on a number of dimensions as compared to 1989-1995, a number of these gains were minimal and in some cases measures have decreased in quality. The overall conclusion is that the sexual risk behavior literature should implement more of the recommendations made by methodological scholars in this area. Specific recommendations are summarized and presented in a way that may be helpful in guiding the development of future measures of self-reported condom use.
Gender Differences in HIV-Related Sexual Behavior among College Students from Spain and Portugal
The Spanish journal of psychology, 2009
Under the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior, the objective of this study was to know the gender differences in the variables involved in the use of effective preventive measures in sexual relations against HIV in a sample of university students from Spain and Portugal. Furthermore, it is examined whether these factors produce different predictions concerning the adoption of safe sexual behaviour for young man and women in each country. The sample consisted of 683 university students, 319 Portuguese (64% female and 36% male) from the University of Algarve and 364 Spanish students (51% female and 49% male) from the University of Huelva. Data were obtained by means of a questionnaire. The data revealed that there are gender differences which apply in both countries, highlighting that the young women have more positive attitudes, greater perceived behavioural control and intention of condom use than young men. However, they protect themselves less that their male counterparts: the percentage of females who say using condoms as a contraceptive method is less than the percentage of males, and especially with their steady partners. The results are discussed in relation to gender role norms, to have a steady partner or not, gender relations, the associated meaning to sexual relations for men and women and their implications for the design of sexual educational programmes for them.
Demographic Variables as Predictors of Risky Sexual Behaviour among
2020
Introduction: Risky sexual behaviour (RSB) has increasingly become an issue in academic discourse at the turn of the century, even in the Nigerian context. It is however, either often studied uni-dimensionally or studied for its health promoting and aetiological implications. This study thus set out to determine the predictive capacity of demographic variables (gender and religiosity) over dimensions of risky sexual behaviour such as early sexual debut, random sexual activity and disregard for protection during sex among university students in South East Nigeria. Method: The correlational research design was adopted for the study. A research question was asked and a null hypothesis was formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance to guide the study. Multistage sampling was used in selecting 1200 students for the study. The Undergraduates' Risky Sexual Behaviour Questionnaire (URSBQ) was used to collect data for the study and it consisted of 15 items. The research question was answered using Pearson Correlation statistics. The null hypothesis was tested using multiple regression analysis. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: The correlational matrix of variables indicated a significant positive relationship between gender and the three dimensions of risky sexual behaviour. Religiosity had a significant negative relationship with total RSB and only two dimensions of RSB (random sexual activity and disregard for protection during sex) except early sexual debut. The multiple regression analysis for predictor variables and total risky sexual behaviour gave an indication that the predictor variables jointly contributed 3.2% to explain the variances in response. Each predictor variable made significant individual contributions to the variances in response, based on the standardized Beta coefficients, among other findings. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of the study formed the fulcrum of the discussion, which extended to the multiple regression analysis for predictor variables and each of the dimensions of risky sexual behaviour with respect to their joint and individual contributions to the variances in response. It was thus concluded among others that gender and religiosity both significantly predicted total risky sexual behaviour, but religiosity did not significantly predict all three dimensions of the criterion variable.
Objectives To examine how the prediction of condom-related cognitions, intentions, and behaviour amongst adolescents may differ according to gender and sexual experience within a theory of planned behaviour (TPB) framework. Methods Adolescents ( N ϭ 306) completed questionnaires about sexual experience, condom use, TPB variables, perceived risk, and safe sex knowledge. Results Signifi cant differences in TPB variables, perceived risk, and knowledge were found; males and sexually experienced participants were generally less positive about condom use. Twenty percent of the variance in attitudes was accounted for by four variables; specifi cally, female gender, no previous sexual experience, better safe sex knowledge, and greater risk perceptions were associated with more positive attitudes. The prediction of intentions separately amongst sexually experienced ( R 2 ϭ 0.468) and inexperienced ( R 2 ϭ 0.436) participants revealed that, for the former group, attitudes and subjective norms were the most important considerations. In contrast, among the inexperienced participants, attitudes and the gender-by-perceived risk interaction term represented signifi cant infl uences. Conclusions The results suggest that interventions designed to improve adolescents ' intentions to use condoms and rates of actual condom use should consider differences in gender and sexual experience.
Determining factors for condom use: A survey of young Italian adults
European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care, 2010
Objective To identify factors that can hinder condom use in a sample of young adults. Methods The survey was carried out using a self-administered standardised anonymous questionnaire modified from the self-efficacy scale Condom Use Skill Measure. The questionnaire was administered to 1091 school-leavers who were attending a pre-university study course in August 2008 at Bari University, Italy. Results Of those interviewed, 88% had had sexual intercourse and the average age at the first experience was 16.8 years. The frequency of condom use at the most recent sexual intercourse was 52.6%. Non-condom use was associated with not having a condom immediately available, with problems in the partner accepting this particular barrier method, with the belief that proposing its use could lead to problems between the couple, with the assumption of not risking anything, with the fear that it causes irritation and with the belief that it does not feel natural. Conclusion Our survey shows that there are opinions and attitudes held by young adults which hinder condom use. They should be a targeted by health education.
Who uses condoms with whom? Evidence from national probability sample surveys
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2006
To explore the changing pattern of condom use from 1990 to 2000; to identify sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with condom use; and reasons for condom use in 2000. Methods: Large probability sample surveys administered among those resident in Britain aged 16-44 (n = 13 765 in 1990, n = 11 161 in 2000). Face to face interviews with self completion components collected sociodemographic, behavioural, and attitudinal data. Results: Condom use in the past year among sexually active 16-24 year old men increased from 61.0% in 1990 to 82.1% in 2000 (p,0.0001), and from 42.0% to 63.2% (p,0.0001) among women of the same age, with smaller increases among older age groups. Among individuals reporting at least two partners in the previous 4 week period, approximately two thirds reported inconsistent or no condom use (63.1% (95% CI 55.9% to 69.8%) of the men and 68.5% (95% CI 57.6% to 77.7%) of the women). Conclusions: Rates of condom use increased substantially between 1990 and 2000, particularly among young people. However, inconsistent condom use by individuals with high rates of partner acquisition may contribute significantly to the recent resurgence in STIs. This group is an important target for intensive and specific sexual health interventions.
Commitment to Safer Sex as a Predictor of Condom Use Among 16‐20‐Year‐Olds1
Journal of Applied …, 1994
The AIDS risk reduction model (ARRM) is explored in the context of a prospective study of adolescent condom use. This three-stage model characterizes the social and psychological facilitation of change in attitudes and sexual behaviors related to HIV transmission. The social and behavioral consequences of AIDS for 63 adolescents (aged 16-20 years), from an urban part of North West London, were mapped over a one-year period. Indices were created according to the proposed model which reflect (a) labelling of a high risk behavior as problematic (e.g., unprotected sexual intercourse) (b) commitment to change (e.g., desiring and valuing "safe" sex), and (c) seeking and enacting appropriate solutions (e.g., use of condoms). Nested regression analysis enabled the inter-relationship between significant social and psychological predictors (Time 1) and behavior (Time 2) to be traced. Overall the model accounted for 30% of the variance in condom use. Contemporaneous behavior was also modeled. to identify baseline social and psychological predictors. Twenty-seven percent of the variance in condom use is explained. The social and psychological patterning of the indices is compared with that evidenced for prospective behavior. It appears that social representations which embody normative and value considerations underlie commitment to safer sex (at a general level) and override intentions (at a specific level) in the explanation of prospective behavior. The methodological and theoretical implications of this are identified and discussed. This paper explores ideas from the AIDS risk reduction model (Catania,