Gender-based differences in the high-risk sexual behaviours of young people aged 15-29 in Melilla (Spain): a cross-sectional study (original) (raw)
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Psychosocial Determinants of Risky Sexual Behaviour by Gender in Spain
Objectives: This study examines the determinants of risky sexual behaviour by gender in Spain. Methods: Data was taken from the Spanish Health and Sexual Behaviour Survey (2003). Controlled regression results for a wide set of variables (socio-demographic characteristics, behaviour, knowledge and attitudes) were calculated and a factor analysis to group and to rank variables by explanatory power was carried out. Gender differences were analysed by means of repeated estimations by sub-samples of men and women. Differences based on age and sexual orientations were also taken into account. Results: HIV risk perceptions and opinions on the use of condoms are important predictors of unsafe sex for both genders. Men not only have more negative opinions of male condoms than women but these opinions are more likely to result in risky sexual behaviours. The consumption of alcohol appears to be linked to unsafe sex among young people, especially young heterosexual men. Conclusions: As perceptions and opinions are susceptible to change, the authors suggest the implementation of gender-oriented educational campaigns and policies on sexual and reproductive health. Effective education on alcohol consumption could reduce the negative outcomes associated with unsafe sex.
Universitas Psychologica, 2019
The aim of this research was to describe the sexual behaviour and HIV/AIDS risk perception in two cohorts of Spanish university students. A cross-sectional design of two cohorts was employed. A total of 230 university students in 2004 (Mage=19.77; SD=1.73; 72.6% females) and 264 in 2012 (Mage=19.47; SD=1.73; 73.5% females) were recruited. A self-developed questionnaire on sexual behaviour was administered. A MANOVA per cohort, gender and age was performed. The results revealed that there were no differences between the cohorts regarding sexual practices. About one-fifth of sexually active young people used condoms regularly but not always, around one-sixth sometimes or never used them, half of the respondents did not usually require their sexual partners to take an HIV test and only the ten percent had ever undergone it. Three quarters of the subjects perceived some degree of invulnerability to HIV/AIDS. Spanish females perceived themselves more invulnerable.
Factors Associated with Condom Use Behaviour Among Young University Students
Psico-USF, 2022
As the rates of sexually transmitted infections among Brazilian youth rise, college students present with low rates of condom use. Understanding which factors affect preventive behaviours may assist in promoting them. This study aimed to test the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a model of condom use behaviour among young university students. Data on sexual behaviour, TPB, and personality variables were collected online with 343 sexually active students aged between 18 and 29. Seventy participants also provided follow-up data after 30 days. Structural equation models and ordinal regressions were used to analyse the effects of TPB variables on condom use behaviour. Attitude was the main predictor of behavioural intention in the cross-sectional and longitudinal models. Being in a relationship and lower age at sexual debut were also associated with less frequent condom use behaviour in the cross-sectional analysis. Behavioural intention and perceived control were associated with condom use behaviour. Keywords: condoms; theory of planned behaviour; sexual health youth; sexual behaviour. Fatores Associados ao Uso de Camisinha Entre Jovens Universitários Resumo Enquanto a incidência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis cresce entre jovens brasileiros, universitários apresentam pouco uso de preservativos. Compreender quais fatores afetam a adoção de comportamentos preventivos pode auxiliar na sua promoção. Esse estudo testou a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP) como modelo de uso de camisinha entre jovens universitários. Foram coletados dados sobre comportamento sexual, TCP, e personalidade em questionário online com 343 estudantes sexualmente ativos entre 18 e 29 anos de idade. Setenta participantes também responderam ao follow-up após 30 dias. Modelos de equações estruturais e regressões ordinais foram usados para analisar os efeitos das variáveis da TCP no uso de preservativo. Atitude foi o principal preditor da intenção comportamental nos modelos transversal e longitudinal. Estar em um relacionamento e menor idade na primeira relação sexual também foram associados a uso menos frequente de preservativo na análise transversal. Intenção comportamental e controle percebido foram associados com uso de preservativo. Palavras-chave: camisinha; teoria do comportamento planejado; saúde sexual; juventude; comportamento sexual. Factores Asociados con el Uso del Condom Entre Jóvenes Universitarios Resumen Mientras la incidencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual aumenta entre los jóvenes brasileños, los estudiantes universitarios reportan poco uso de preservativos. Comprender qué factores inciden en la adopción de conductas preventivas puede ayudar en su promoción. Este estudio probó la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado (TCP) como modelo de uso de preservativos entre jóvenes universitarios. Los datos sobre comportamiento sexual, TCP y personalidad fueron recopilados en un cuestionario en línea con 343 estudiantes sexualmente activos entre 18 y 29 años. Setenta participantes también respondieron al seguimiento después de 30 días. Se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales y regresiones ordinales para analizar los efectos de las variables de TCP sobre la utilización del condón. La actitud fue el principal predictor de la intención en los modelos transversal y longitudinal. Estar en una relación y una edad más temprana en la primera relación sexual se asociaron con el uso menos frecuente de preservativo en el análisis transversal. La intención conductual y el control percibido se asociaron con el uso de condones. Palabras clave: condón; teoría del comportamiento planeado; salud sexual; juventud; comportamiento sexual.
Social Science & Medicine, 2010
The aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of the likely mechanisms underlying regular condom use. In 2009, 1145 sexually active individuals aged 18e65 years were surveyed online, after being recruited via an e-mail message circulated at a large Croatian university and posted on various social networking websites. Participants' mean age was 28.1 years (SD ¼ 8.01). Women constituted a slight majority of the sample (51.6%). The research questions e whether the frequently observed association between condom use at first and most recent sexual intercourse could be best predicted by (a) norm-oriented behavior; (b) calculative decision-making; or (c) habit formation e were tested using multiple logistic regression. Only the calculative and habitual motivational determinants of condom use were significant predictors. Unlike calculative use, which decreased the odds of condoms being used at both occasions, habitual use, as expected, increased the odds of condom use. In addition, the habitual modality of condom use significantly predicted consistent condom use with both casual and steady sexual partners. Age, being in a relationship, and the number of lifetime sexual partners were negatively associated with habitual condom use. The finding that habit plays a substantial role in consistent condom use suggests the need for further exploration of personality and relational factors associated with the initiation of habitual condom use.
Condom Use Measurement in 56 Studies of Sexual Risk Behavior: Review and Recommendations
Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2006
Despite numerous studies that measure self-reported condom use, there is currently no agreed upon "gold standard" in terms of the best way to assess condom use. The purpose of the current study was to review measures of self-reported condom use within correlational studies of sexual risk behavior, and to evaluate such measures on the basis of suggestions from the methodological literature. An additional purpose was to examine specifically whether measures published in the correlational literature have improved over time. A systematic review of studies was undertaken and specific review criteria were used to guide the inclusion of studies. A final set of 56 studies that contained 72 measures of self-reported condom use were included in the review. These measures were coded and evaluated on 12 dimensions, including measure type, number of response categories, recall period, sex partner specificity, and sex act specificity. Results indicated a great amount of diversity in terms of how condom use has been measured in the literature. Although results indicated that measures published between 1996 and 2003 were of higher quality on a number of dimensions as compared to 1989-1995, a number of these gains were minimal and in some cases measures have decreased in quality. The overall conclusion is that the sexual risk behavior literature should implement more of the recommendations made by methodological scholars in this area. Specific recommendations are summarized and presented in a way that may be helpful in guiding the development of future measures of self-reported condom use.
Gender Differences in HIV-Related Sexual Behavior among College Students from Spain and Portugal
The Spanish journal of psychology, 2009
Under the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior, the objective of this study was to know the gender differences in the variables involved in the use of effective preventive measures in sexual relations against HIV in a sample of university students from Spain and Portugal. Furthermore, it is examined whether these factors produce different predictions concerning the adoption of safe sexual behaviour for young man and women in each country. The sample consisted of 683 university students, 319 Portuguese (64% female and 36% male) from the University of Algarve and 364 Spanish students (51% female and 49% male) from the University of Huelva. Data were obtained by means of a questionnaire. The data revealed that there are gender differences which apply in both countries, highlighting that the young women have more positive attitudes, greater perceived behavioural control and intention of condom use than young men. However, they protect themselves less that their male counterparts: the percentage of females who say using condoms as a contraceptive method is less than the percentage of males, and especially with their steady partners. The results are discussed in relation to gender role norms, to have a steady partner or not, gender relations, the associated meaning to sexual relations for men and women and their implications for the design of sexual educational programmes for them.
Demographic Variables as Predictors of Risky Sexual Behaviour among
2020
Introduction: Risky sexual behaviour (RSB) has increasingly become an issue in academic discourse at the turn of the century, even in the Nigerian context. It is however, either often studied uni-dimensionally or studied for its health promoting and aetiological implications. This study thus set out to determine the predictive capacity of demographic variables (gender and religiosity) over dimensions of risky sexual behaviour such as early sexual debut, random sexual activity and disregard for protection during sex among university students in South East Nigeria. Method: The correlational research design was adopted for the study. A research question was asked and a null hypothesis was formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance to guide the study. Multistage sampling was used in selecting 1200 students for the study. The Undergraduates' Risky Sexual Behaviour Questionnaire (URSBQ) was used to collect data for the study and it consisted of 15 items. The research question was answered using Pearson Correlation statistics. The null hypothesis was tested using multiple regression analysis. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: The correlational matrix of variables indicated a significant positive relationship between gender and the three dimensions of risky sexual behaviour. Religiosity had a significant negative relationship with total RSB and only two dimensions of RSB (random sexual activity and disregard for protection during sex) except early sexual debut. The multiple regression analysis for predictor variables and total risky sexual behaviour gave an indication that the predictor variables jointly contributed 3.2% to explain the variances in response. Each predictor variable made significant individual contributions to the variances in response, based on the standardized Beta coefficients, among other findings. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of the study formed the fulcrum of the discussion, which extended to the multiple regression analysis for predictor variables and each of the dimensions of risky sexual behaviour with respect to their joint and individual contributions to the variances in response. It was thus concluded among others that gender and religiosity both significantly predicted total risky sexual behaviour, but religiosity did not significantly predict all three dimensions of the criterion variable.
Objectives To examine how the prediction of condom-related cognitions, intentions, and behaviour amongst adolescents may differ according to gender and sexual experience within a theory of planned behaviour (TPB) framework. Methods Adolescents ( N ϭ 306) completed questionnaires about sexual experience, condom use, TPB variables, perceived risk, and safe sex knowledge. Results Signifi cant differences in TPB variables, perceived risk, and knowledge were found; males and sexually experienced participants were generally less positive about condom use. Twenty percent of the variance in attitudes was accounted for by four variables; specifi cally, female gender, no previous sexual experience, better safe sex knowledge, and greater risk perceptions were associated with more positive attitudes. The prediction of intentions separately amongst sexually experienced ( R 2 ϭ 0.468) and inexperienced ( R 2 ϭ 0.436) participants revealed that, for the former group, attitudes and subjective norms were the most important considerations. In contrast, among the inexperienced participants, attitudes and the gender-by-perceived risk interaction term represented signifi cant infl uences. Conclusions The results suggest that interventions designed to improve adolescents ' intentions to use condoms and rates of actual condom use should consider differences in gender and sexual experience.