Basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck (original) (raw)
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A Clinical Study of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Medical Archives
Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a non-melanocytic skin malignancy arising from basal cells of epidermis or follicular structures. Etiology of BCC is a multifactorial combination of genotype, phenotype, and environmental factors. There are several clinical variants of BCC including nodular, cystic, superficial, morphoeic, keratotic, pigmented and micronodular. Aim: The aim of our study was to analyze the recent clinical trends of basal cell carcinoma by reviewing a single institution's experience. Methods: Total number of 422 patients clinically diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma were included in the study. Data on age, gender, skin type, personal and family history, duration of disease, localization of lesions, clinical type of lesions, and recurrence rate were collected and analyzed. The data were statistically evaluated. Results: More than 80% of all BCC's were located on sun-exposed skin areas (p<0.05).The male /female ratio was 1:0.92. The nodular BCC was the most frequent type (59.2%), followed by the superficial (16.1%), pigmented (15.2%) and morphoeic (9.5%) types. The nodular and pigmented types were predominant located on the head and neck, whereas the trunk was the most common location for the superficial type (p<0.05). The tumor is commonly found in concomitance with skin lesion related to chronic sun exposure, such as actinic keratoses, solar lentigines and facial telangiectasia. During this study period, 41 cases showed recurrence of the cancer as the overall recurrence rate was 9.7%. There were no cases with metastasis or fatal outcome. Conclusions: The factors related to the development of BCC were older age and exposure to ultraviolet rays both in recreational and in occupational form. The prevention of BCC is based on the knowledge of risk factors, early diagnosis and treatment, particularly in susceptible populations.
Clinical research and trials, 2015
Background/Objective: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of cancer in Caucasians. The most common type of BCC is the nodular form. This study was undertaken to analyze the all histopathological subtypes and tumor diameter with epidermal ulceration of head and neck localized BCC with regard to sex, age and anatomical distribution in a population from the Mid-Anatolian Region of Turkey. Methods: Ninety-five patients histopathologically diagnosed with BCC of head and neck at our dermatology and pathology clinics were retrospectively examined and assessed. The diagnosis and subtypes with the tumor diameter and epidermal ulceration were confirmed by two pathologists. Gender, age at excision and location were recorded. Results: The mean age at excision of a BCC was 69.98 ± 13.07 years. The nodular BCC was the most frequent type (23.2%), followed by the superficial and micronodular types (22.1%). The micronodular, nodular and superficial BCC occurred more often in males and solid and infiltrative types more often in females. Almost all types showed slight predominance for nose localization. The superficial form was the dominant type on the cheek. The mean tumor diameter is 8.94 mm with the range of 0.5-38 mm. There was a statistically significant difference between the micronodular with the smaller diameter of 5.25 mm and the other types of BCC diameter. Epidermal ulceration was observed in most of the patients (77.9%) and there was not any significant difference among the types of BCC. Conclusion: Our results confirmed the outcomes of the previous reports in the literature. We found that the superficial type of BCC of the head and neck region most commonly occurred on the cheek.
Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2021
Basal cell carcinoma is most common type of non-melanotic skin cancer. Causative agents are UV and ionizing radiation and chemicals. Nodular, pigmented, superficial, cystic and infiltrative are major subtypes. It is mainly treated by excision surgery in the form of wide local excision and reconstruction is done by various flaps. In our study 10 patients were included and found that carcinoma is commoner in old age female patients and mainly near right canthus of eyeball; treated with surgery which is well tolerated by all the patients.
Variations in clinical presentation of basal cell carcinoma
Acta clinica Croatica, 2008
Basal cell carcinoma (basalioma, BCC) is the most common skin cancer and the most common human malignancy in general, with a continuously increasing incidence. In most cases, BCC develops on chronically sun-exposed skin in elderly people, most commonly in the head and neck region. Besides chronic UV radiation, other risk factors for the development of BCC include sun bed use, family history of skin cancer, skin type 1 and 2, a tendency to freckle in childhood, immunosuppression, previous radiotherapy, and chronic exposure to certain toxic substances such as inorganic arsenic. There are numerous variations in clinical presentation of BCC, such as nodular BCC, ulcerating BCC, pigmented BCC, sclerosing BCC, superficial BCC, and fibroepithelioma of Pinkus. Each varies in terms of clinical presentation, histopathology and aggressive behavior. Treatment modalities for BCC include surgical excision, cryosurgery, curettage, electrodessication, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, topical cyt...
Basal Cell Carcinoma. Analysis of 395 cases localized in the neck, ear and nose region
Stomatologija, 2020
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To test if there are different outcomes in basal cell carcinoma for lesion size, histopathology, localization, and recurrence rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 395 patients with BCC localized in the neck, nose and ear regions who were surgically treated in Latvian Oncology Centre between 2006-2011 were analyzed retrospectively. The data were analyzed using modified classification based on Clarks et al. (2014) and McKenzie et al. (2016). RESULTS Three hundred and ninety-five cases of BCC that were surgically treated in head and neck region were reviewed. Results were tabulated in four categories: anatomical region, histopathology, lesion size, and recurrence rates. Classification by anatomical region: 228 cases in the nose region, 82 cases in the neck region, 82 cases in the ear region. Classification by histopathology: 259 cases presented as low risk BCC [nodular, pigmented, adenoid, keratotic and cystic], 21 cases presented as superficial, 94 cases p...
Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Review
2024
The present article reviewed that basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a malignant skin tumor with slow growth and limited invasion that primarily affects people with fair skin, most of whom are Caucasian. This kind of skin cancer is the most prevalent kind. BCC is renowned for its locally invasive characteristics and slow growth. It frequently forms a three-dimensional infiltration of surrounding tissue, resulting in uneven finger-like extensions that stay connected to the primary tumor mass. Despite having a low death rate, basal cell carcinoma can cause significant morbidity because of its propensity for invasive development and localized tissue damage. The prevalence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) decreases dramatically after the age of forty, but a worrying trend is indicated by the growth in BCC incidence among the youngest population, especially in women. This increase is likely due to increased exposure to UV radiation from the sun and artificial sources. Basal keratinocytes, which are cells found in the basal layer of the epidermis as well as in hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts, are the source of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Histologically, BCC cells frequently have big nuclei and show signs of basophilic staining, which makes them seem blue under a microscope. BCC patients have a variety of treatment choices, such as topical medicines in some circumstances or surgical methods to remove the tumor. Prevention is key, with special attention to sun protection techniques like wearing protective clothes, using sunscreen, and limiting one's exposure to the sun. Frequent skin examinations are crucial for early identification, enabling more efficient treatment, and lowering the risk of side effects related to untreated BCC. It is advisable to seek quick medical examination for proper care and timely intervention if any worrisome changes in the skin are identified. I.
Journal of Skin Cancer, 2014
The aim of the study is to analyze all completely excised BCCs in the head and neck region with regard to age, sex, personal and familial history, skin type, tumor localization and size, histopathological subtype of tumor, reconstruction method, and recurrence rates. Incompletely excised BCCs were not included in this study since incomplete excision is the most important preventable risk factor for recurrence. In 320 patients, 331 lesions were retrospectively evaluated by dividing into the following 8 subunits: scalp, frontotemporal, orbital, nose, cheek, auricula, perioral, and chin-neck area. Most of the patients were in 60-70 age group (34.7%). The nose (32.3%) was the most common site of presentation. Clinically, all lesions and, histopathologically, most of the lesions (42.2%) presented were of the nodular type. All cases of recurrence after complete excision ( = 9, 2.7%) were located in the median parts of the head and neck region and were mainly diagnosed histopathologically as sclerotic and micronodular. Even though completely excised, head and neck region BCCs, especially which are more prone to recurrence due to anatomical and histopathological properties, should be more closely monitored in order to decrease morbidity and health care costs.
Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Center Experience
ISRN Dermatology, 2012
Background. Basal cell carcinoma comprises the vast majority of skin cancers. It predominantly affects fair-skinned individuals, and its incidence is rising rapidly. Etiology may be multifactorial, but sun exposure appears to play a critical role. When detected early, the prognosis is excellent. Thus appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance are of utmost importance. Methods. From January 1994 to May 2012, 518 basal cell carcinomas were excised in our clinic. Data were collected retrospectively. Results. During 18-year period, 518 BCCs were excised from 486 patients. Most of the patients were males with a median age of 65.6 years. Most of the basal cell carcinomas were located in the head region. Nodular histological subtype dominated our series. Six percent of the excised lesions required reexcision because of involved margins. Our recurrence rate was 6.94% with the nose and the periauricular and periocular regions being the most common sites of occurrence. Conclusion. Alt...
Management of Basal Cell Carcinomas: Clinical Experience
Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology
Objective: Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) mostly originate from the head and neck region. Main goal in BCC treatment is to achieve both aesthetic and functional results while observing the principles of tumor surgery. We report our experience regarding the clinical, histopathological features and surgical treatment results of head and neck basal cell carcinomas in the light of the literature. Methods: Files of patients with head and neck BCCs treated surgically in two university hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. Sociodemographic variables, location and size of tumor, pathological subtype, recurrence ratio, complications and technique of reconstruction were evaluated. Results: We analyzed 119 tumoral lesions in 105 patients of whom 55 (52.4%) were male and 50 (47.6%) were female. Their mean age was 67.3±12 years. The nasal region was the most common location area (n=42, 35.3%). Mean tumor size was 12.6 mm and tumor size range was 2-85 mm. The most commonly used reconstruction techniques were flap surgery, followed by primary closure, and skin grafts. Conclusion: It is important to remove the tumor with a clear surgical margin at least 4 mm and evaluate the five surgical margins with frozen sections intraoperatively. Operations are often performed under local anesthesia and are well tolerated by patients. The most common flaps used in the reconstruction are not only easy to learn but also sufficient in most cases. Skin grafts are good choices in defects located in the cavum concha and the external meatus.
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE FACE: CLINICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES, SURGICAL TREATMENT AND RESULTS
Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has a slow evolution and possible massive tissue destruction when neglected and reaches large dimensions. BCC involves various histological subtypes, the nodular form being the most common. Frequent localization on the face confirms that ultraviolet radiation is an important risk factor for this type of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma is most frequently on the cutaneous lips. It is reported that BCC is more frequent in the upper lip in women, while squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) seems to be more frequent in men, in the lower lip. Smoking and alcohol are reported as predisposing factors. The study purpose was to evidence the high incidence of BCC of the perioral and lips regions. 2) Methods: Retrospective descriptive study on a group of 55 patients diagnosed with BCCof the face, in whom surgical excision (in oncologic limits) treatment was performed, and postoperative follow-up was applied. 3) Results: The predominance of the ulcerated-infiltrative form was highlighted, predominantly in the age group between 60 and 80 years. 4) Conclusions: The increased number of BCC as well as the growing number of large and neglected tumors, evidenced the need of including BCC in a cancer registry and the implementation of a screening program, as well as a better information of the population regarding this type of skin cancer.