Bioaccumulation of Zn in Muscle and Brain Tissues of the African Catfish—Clarias gariepinus (original) (raw)
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Bioaccumulation of Zn in Muscle and Brain Tissues of the African Catfish—<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2016
Increasing rate of consumption of the common African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, a popular delicacy in Delta State, Nigeria has raised worries about the safety of health of consumers in the face of perceived rising input of recalcitrant pollutants such as the heavy metals in aquatic habitats. This research investigated the presence and levels of Zn in muscle and brain tissues of C. gariepinus sourced from selected markets in Delta State. Replicate adult fish samples were obtained from seven market locations in Oleh, Asaba, Ekpan, Ogwashi-Ukwu, Okere, Abraka and Ughelli towns, labeled and taken to the laboratory in iced coolers. The presence and levels of the heavy metal were determined spectrophotometrically. Concentrations ranged from 0.015-0.19 (0.09 ± 0.02) mg/kg d.w. in muscle and 0.035-0.36 (0.16 ± 0.03) mg/kg d.w. in brain tissues, even as accumulation levels differed significantly (t = 0.005) between the tissues at p < 0.05. There was also significant locational heterogeneity in accumulations of the metal [F(100.97) > Fcrit(4.02)] at the 95% confidence limit; with least accumulation of 0.03 (±0.01) mg/kg d.w. recorded in fish samples obtained from Ughelli and maximum accumulation of 0.28 (±0.07) mg/kg d.w. recorded in those obtained from Oleh locations. However, levels were below the Food and Agricultural Organization and World Health Organization acceptable limits for Zn in edible fish. Results revealed that lipophilic brain tissues accumulated more heavy metal than muscle tissues. Since accumulation levels were low, they do not currently constitute public health risks to consumers in Delta State.
Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 2024
Heavy metals (HMs) are naturally occurring elements with high atomic weights and a density at least five times greater than water. HMs can be released into the soil, water, and air through industrial, domestic, agricultural runoffs , medical and technological activities. Thirty wild fresh catfish were bought from two major fish markets in Maiduguri (Custom and Monday markets). Zinc (Zn) and Arsenic (As) were determined by Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of the metals was calculated, and the target cancer risk (TCR), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) was derived. The mean concentration (mg/Kg ± SD) of Zn in the liver (0.26 ± 0.32) was higher compared to that in muscle (0.22 ± 0.27), but this was not statistically different (t (58) = 0.608, p = 0.545). However, the mean concentration of As in the liver (0.27 ± 0.33) was lower compared to that in the muscle (0.28 ± 0.23), but this was not statistically different (t (52) =-0.003, p = 0.997). Although, no significant statistical difference, the mean concentration ranking of Zn based on the Fish market was Monday market > custom market, while that of As was custom market > Monday market. EDI values were within tolerable limits. TCR, THQ, and HI values obtained were below the threshold of 1. In conclusion, HMs (Zn and As) were detected in the liver and muscle of all fish samples tested at a lower rate compared to their Maximum Permissible Limits (MPLs) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, because of their non-degradable nature and tendency to bio-accumulate in fish tissues and organs, it can be concluded that long-term consumption poses
2021
Valkova, E., Atanasov, V., Vlaykova, T., Tacheva, T., Zhelyazkova, Y., Dimov, D. & Yakimov, K. (2021). The relationship between the content of heavy metals Pb and Zn in some components of the environment, fishes as food and human health. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 27 (5), 954–962 The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between the content of Pb and Zn in the air, water, musculature of fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) and the blood serum of patients with and without COPD. The determination of the amounts of the studied heavy metals in drinking water and the blood serum of the patients was carried out by the method of atomic absorption. The concentrations of Pb in the air do not exceed the requirements of Regulation 12 of 15.07.2010. The levels of lead found in the drinking water of the of Stara Zagora Town in the period June 2019 – July 2020 often approach the limit value determined by Regulation No9 of 16.03.2001 (0.01 mg/l). The established concentrations of zinc in the drinking...
American Journal of Food Science and Technology
This study was conducted to evaluate the concentration of lead, copper and zinc on the gills, viscera and muscle parts of three fish species-Clarias gariepinus, Channa obscura, and Tilapia zilli from Uwana river in Afikpo in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Lead concentrations did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) among the fish species and were 0.025 ± 0.045 ppm in C. gariepinus, 0.024 ± 0.041 ppm in C. obscura and 0.036 ± 0.056 ppm in T. zilli. However copper was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in T. zilli 0.067 ± 0.116 ppm compared to C. gariepinus 0.033 ± 0.038 ppm and C. obscura 0.030 ± 0.041 ppm. Zinc concentrations were similar (p > 0.05) in the 3 fish species of C. gariepinus (0.454 ± 0.256 ppm), C. obscura (0.518 ± 0.246 ppm), and T. zilli (0.514 ± 0.279 ppm). Gills (0.026 ± 0.044 ppm), Viscera (0.029 ± 0.051 ppm) and Muscle (0.030 ± 0.048 ppm) did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) in lead content but viscera contained more copper (0.084 ± 0.114 ppm) compared to the gills (0.035 ± 0.039 ppm) and muscle (0.011 ± 0.013 ppm). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the zinc contents of the body parts as Gills contained more zinc (0.590 ± 0.209 ppm) compared to viscera (0.0567 ± 0.291 ppm) and muscle (0.329 ± 0.188 ppm). In all cases, the heavy metal concentrations in the fish species were lower than the maximum limit set by FAO/WHO/ FEPA.
Concentration of Zn, Cu and Pb in Some Selected Marine Fishes of the Pahang Coastal Waters, Malaysia
American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2010
Problem statement: Heavy metals constitute one of the most hazardous substances that could be accumulated in biota. Fish populations exploited by man often live in coastal area environments that contain high levels of heavy metals, coming from human activities such as industrial and agricultural wastes. A problem to deal when using fishes as biomonitors of heavy metals is the relationship existing between metal concentration and several intrinsic factors of the fish such as organism size, genetic composition and age of fish. Approach: Concentration of Zn, Cu and Pb were determined in eight commercially valuable fish species, Selaroides leptolepis, Euthynnus affinis, Parastromateus niger, Lutjanius malabaricus, Epinephelus sexfasciatus, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Nemipterus japonicus and Megalaspis cordyla from Pahang coastal water. The concentration was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study focuses on the level of Zn, Cu and Pb in order to assess the environmental pollution by using fishes as an indicator. Results: Concentrations of the heavy metals in examined fish species ranged as follow: Zn 19.27 µg g −1 dry weight; Cu 2.88 µg g −1 dry weight and Pb 0.26 µg g −1 dry weight, respectively. The concentrations of Zn, Cu and Pb were found to follow the order: stomach > muscle > gills. Significant correlations were found between fish weight and heavy metals concentration in the fish organs. Conclusion: The estimated values of all metals in muscles of fish in this study were below the established values. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fish from Pahang coastal water are comparatively clean and do not constitute a risk for human health.
The purposes of this paper is to describe the body burden of heavy metals in the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) obtained from the Imo River in Nigeria and assess the potential non-carcinogenic health risk that might be caused by consuming this seafood. A questionnaire-based survey on dietary consumption rates of protein sources among residents of the area showed that catfish-fresh or dried accounted for 58% of total protein consumed, and over 90% of catfish sold in the area were caught in the local region of the river. The non-carcinogenic health risk from individual heavy metal and combined heavy metals due to dietary intake were evaluated by calculating the target hazard quotients (THQs), and hazard index (HI). The concentrations (mean ± sem in μg/g on dry weight basis) of heavy metals determined using AANALYST 400 Perkin-Elmer AAS were: (Cd: 0.125 ± 0.29, Cu: 0.24 ± 0.13, Zn: 2.33 ± 0.14, Ni: 1.12 ± 0.003, Pb: 0.74 ± 0.05, Fe: 4.85 ± 0.54) for edible tissue, (Cd: 0.47 ± 0.13, Cu: 0.13 ± 0.004, Zn: 4.08 ± 0.25, Ni: 1.53 ± 0.12, Pb: 1.24 ± 0.20, Fe: 14.64 ± 0.52) for gills and (Cd: 0.03 ± 0.004, Cu: 0.21 ± 0.009, Zn: 2.65 ± 0.06, Ni: 0.84 ± 0.03, Pb: 0.47 ± 0.007, Fe: 6.89 ± 0.38) for internal organs. The order of heavy metal concentration was; gills > edible tissue > internal organ for Cd, Zn, Ni and Pb; edible tissue > internal organ > gills for Cu and gills > internal organ > edible tissue for Fe. The body burden of heavy metal seems to be highest in gills and lowest in internal organs. Target hazard quotients (THQ) for individual heavy metal and the hazard index (HI) values determined based on the levels of Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Fe were all less than one, indicating that health risk associated with the intake of a single heavy metal or combined metal through consumption of this catfish for children and adult is relatively low at the moment. However, due to the potential health hazard of heavy metals, the Imo River system requires monitoring and awareness creation to avert possible health risk.
We analysed concentrations of zinc, copper and lead in the muscle of two commercially important finfish species namely, Liza parsia and Liza tade in the western and central sectors of Gangetic delta region during 14 th to 19 th March, 2016 using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Metal accumulation followed the order Zn > Cu > Pb. Between the two species, the degree of metal accumulation was found to be in the order Liza parsia > Liza tade, which may be the result of difference in their food habit or degree of exposure to ambient media contaminated with heavy metals. Heavy metals in the edible parts of the investigated finfish species were compared with the permissible safety levels for human uses.
HEAVY METAL IN FISH: ANALYSIS AND HUMAN HEALTH-A REVIEW
Living organisms require trace amounts of heavy metals, including cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc to survive. However, the excessive levels of the metal can be detrimental to the organism. Other heavy metals such as mercury, lead and cadmium have no vital on organisms, and their accumulation in long time period in the bodies can cause serious illness or death. The consumption of fish is recommended because fish is a basic and good nutritious food that has omega-3 fatty acids due to its cardio-protective effects. This present mini-review accounts for the description of heavy metal in fish and the effect of toxic metals on the human health. Besides, the acid digestion method was also discussed in order to identify the best method for applying in the laboratory analysis. The best method used can reduce the contamination error in the results.
Heavy Metals Contamination in Fish: Effects on Human Health
Journal of Aquatic Science and Marine Biology , 2019
Fish is a rich source of nutrients, however, its nutritional value may be affected by the environment in which it exists. The threat of toxic and trace metals in the environment is more serious than those of other pollutants due to their non-biodegradable nature. This is coupled with their bio-accumulative and biomagnification potentials. Within the aquatic habitat fish cannot escape from the detrimental effects of these pollutants. Heavy metal toxicity as a result of fish consumption can result in damage or reduced mental and central nervous system function, lower energy levels, and damage to blood composition, lungs, kidneys, bones, liver and other vital organs. Long term exposure may result in slowly progressing physical, muscular, and Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, muscular dystrophy, and multiple sclerosis. Allergies are not uncommon and repeated long term contact with some metals or their compounds may even cause cancer. Heavy metal toxicity is a chemically significant condition when it does occur. If unrecognized or inappropriately treated, toxicity can result in significant illness and reduced quality of life which can ultimately result in death. Recommended strategies to combat this menace involves environmental legislation, holistic planning, technological measures to improve the quality of waste discharges and environmental monitoring programs. Keywords: Heavy metals, fish, human health, contamination.
Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fish and Risk to Human Health-A Review
Journal of Information and Computational Science, 2020
Mercury (Hg),Cadmium (Cd) & Lead (Pb) are one of the main contaminants present in water. The objective of this paper is to provide information of the bio-accumulation of Hg, Cd & Pb in the fishes, their implications on human health and evidences on studies conducted on various fish genera. Mercury, Cadmium and Lead are the metals that pose the highest risks for human health and causes many complications in the brain, kidneys, bones, lungs and vascular system due to theirtoxicity and carcinogenicity.The metal that showed the highest risk was mercury, being in high concentrations in the largest, predatory fishes.Environmental pollution is considered as a major global problem for both human and animalssince several decades. The major source of pollution are the industrial effluents that arereleased into the water bodies posing serious threat to the aquatic animals like fishes. According to WHO guidelines, if the concentration of the metal is not in permissible limit,these heavy metal accumulate in fishes and may cause serious human health hazard.Fish is sensitive to xenobiotics, therefore can be used as ecological indicators of fresh water pollution and thus this review is useful in biomonitoring studies. Fishes living in polluted water bodies accumulate different concentration of heavy metals and this is depleting the quality of fish which is a major protein rich food item was explained by many recent studies. It is recommended in this article that Biomarkers are necessary for monitoring environmentally induced alterations to assess the impact of heavy metals on fish.