Psychosocial Functioning and Depressive Symptoms Among HIV-Positive Persons Receiving Care and Treatment in Kenya, Namibia, and Tanzania (original) (raw)
Related papers
Clinical features of depression in Uganda.pdf
Objective: Depressive illness is the most common psychiatric disorder in HIV/AIDS with prevalence 2 to 3 times higher than the general population. It's still questionable whether HIV related depression is clinically different from depression in HIV-negative populations, a fact that could have treatment implications.This study compared the clinical features of major depression between HIV-Positive and HIV-negative patients with a view to intervention strategies. Method: A comparative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on 64 HIV-Positive depressed patients and 66 HIV-negative depressed patients in Butabika and Mulago hospitals. They were compared along the parameters of clinical features of depression, physical examination and laboratory findings. Pair wise comparisons, logistic regression and Multivariate analysis were done for the two groups on a number of variables. Results: Compared to HIV-Negative patients, HIV-Positive patients were more likely to be widowed ; older (≥ 30years), less likely to have a family member with a mental illness; a later onset of depressive illness (≥30years); more likely to have a medical illness and taking medication before onset of depressive, symptomatically compared to HIV-Negative patients, HIV-Positive patients were more critical of themselves ; had significantly more problems making decisions ; had poorer sleep; felt more easily tired; more appetite changes; more cognitive impairment. Low CD4 counts were not significantly associated with depression, but HIV related depression was more likely to occur in stages II and III illness. Conclusion: These findings show that the clinical and associated features of depression differ between HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative patients, thus requiring different management approaches and further studies related to HIV-related depression.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders with the prevalence rate ranging from 5% to 10% in the general population and about 60% in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). It has been reported to be more common among women living with HIV. In HIV patients, depression can have negative impacts on their quality of life. Objective: This study was aimed at identifying the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among PLHIV attending the antiretroviral therapy clinic at Fitche Zonal Hospital. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among PLHIV in Fitche Zonal Hospital from February 15 to March 15, 2012. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression tool was used to collect data from 390 respondents. Both the bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out and variables with P,0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression analysis and statistical significance was declared at P,0.05. Results: Of the total 390 respondents included in the analysis, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 76.7%, ranging from mild to moderate (33.6%) to major (43.1%), and the highest proportion was observed among individuals with food insecurity accounting for 287 (79.3%). Food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =3.832 [1.575-9.322]), non-ownership of livestock (AOR =2.17 [1.157-4.104]), and opportunistic infections (AOR =5.20 [1.342-20.156]) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion and recommendations: Depressive symptoms were prevalent in PLHIV. Social disparities were important factors of depressive symptoms. Integration of mental health care services with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related health care services at all health care levels was necessary. It was recommended that government and non-government organizations should provide assistance to the PLHIV to encourage their involvement in income-generating activities.
Tanzania Medical Journal, 2022
Background Depression is the most common mental health disorder among HIV patients. It affects between 20-30% of people receiving antiretroviral treatment worldwide. In Tanzania, there is a dearth of studies on depression among people living with HIV. Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Care and Treatment Clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methodology A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among PLWH aged 18 years and above in Care and Treatment Centres in Dar es Salaam. The convenient sampling method was used to select 292 participants. Data related to depression were collected by using Patient Health Questionnaires-version 9 (PHQ-9). Data were cleaned and analysed descriptively by using the computer software IBM SPSS version 21. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors. A p-value of < 0.05 was used to ascertain significant relationships between dependent and independent variables. Results A total of 292 participants were recruited. The mean participants' age was 38.7 years (SD = 9.6). Nearly three-quarters of the participants were females, and 71.6% had lived with HIV between 1 and 5 years. The findings showed that 52.4%, 16.8%, 6.2%, 3.1%, and 0.3% had minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depressive symptoms respectively. Generally, the overall prevalence of depression was 9.6%. About 35% of participants faced difficulties in managing depression. Females were significantly more likely to experience depression compared to males. Other demographic characteristics did not show any association with depression. Conclusion and Recommendation Depression is high among PLWH. Mental health services need to be incorporated into the national HIV programs as one of the important interventions in addressing the needs of PLWH in Tanzania.
Research Square (Research Square), 2023
Depression in people living with HIV (PLHIV) has become an urgent issue. The HIV/AIDS pandemic cannot end without addressing the mental health of PLHIV through integrated approaches; besides, depression in PLHIV might be unrecognized and undertreated, whereas some manifestations of HIV and depression are mirrored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess depressive symptoms and associated factors in PLHIV in Eastern Ethiopia to further interventions. Methods A total of 420 PLHIV participated in this cross-sectional study and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Medical record reviews and pretested, structured face-to-face interviews were used to collect the data. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the odds ratios for the existence of depressive symptoms, including sociodemographic information, and comorbidities as relevant variables. Statistically signi cant variables were determined using P values of 0.05. Results we found over all prevalence of depressive symptoms in PLHIV was 52.4% (95% CI = 47.6-57.1). Employment status [AOR = 0.22 (95% CI = 0.13-0.36)], recent CD4 count [AOR = 6.99 (95% CI = 2.81-17.38)], duration on ART [AOR = 5.05 (95% CI = 2.38-10.74)], and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [AOR = 7.90 (95% CI = 4.21-14.85)] were signi cantly associated with depressive symptoms among PLHIV on treatment. Conclusion In this study, almost half of adult PLHIV receiving ART drugs had depressive symptoms. Employment was found to be preventive, while low CD 4 counts, starting ART drugs recently, and the presence of chronic NCDs increased the risk of developing depression. Mental health screening and NCD intervention packages should be integrated into and offered at HIV care clinics.
Behavioural Neurology, 2021
Background. Depressive symptoms are the most common mental illness among people living with HIV/AIDS. Depressive symptoms impact negatively on the course of HIV infection and can lead to suicide and increased risk of mortality when it is a severe form. Although depressive symptoms are common among HIV/AIDS patients, only a few studies have been conducted in Ethiopia and no study, particularly at Nekemte town public hospitals. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among people living with HIV/AIDS attending Nekemte town public hospitals, Western Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 425 HIV/AIDS patients at Nekemte town public hospitals, from March 30 to May 30, 2019. Data were collected through interviews and patient document reviews. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to collect information concerning depressive symptoms and was defined by a PHQ-9 ...
Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among adults living with HIV in rural Kilifi, Kenya
2019
BackgroundPublished research on depression among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) from Africa is increasing, but data from Kenya remains scarce. This cross-sectional study measured the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among PLWHA in rural Kilifi, on the Kenyan coast.MethodsBetween February and April 2018, we consecutively recruited and interviewed 450 adults living with HIV and on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a positive depression screen defined as PHQ-9 score ≥ 10. Measures of psychosocial, health, and treatment characteristics were also administered.ResultsThe overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13.8% (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 10.9, 17.3). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified current comorbid chronic illness (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 5.72, 95% CI: 2.28, 14.34; p < 0.001), cART regimen (aOR 6.93, 95%CI: 2.34, 20.49; p &...
BMC Psychiatry, 2011
Background: Not much is known about the risk factors of major depressive disorder (MDD) in HIV/AIDS in the African socio-cultural context. Therefore a study was undertaken to examine the prevalence and risk factors of MDD in HIV/AIDS in semi-urban Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 618 respondents attending two HIV clinics in Uganda. Results: Prevalence of MDD was 8.1%. Factors associated with MDD at univariate analysis only were female gender, family history of mental illness, negative coping style, alcohol dependency disorder, food insecurity and stress; not associated with MDD were social support, neurocognitive impairment, CD4 counts and BMI. Factors independently associated with MDD were psychosocial impairment, adverse life events, post traumatic stress disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and lifetime attempted suicide. Conclusion: Psychological and social factors were the main risk factors of MDD among ambulatory HIV positive persons with no evidence for the role of the neurotoxic effects of HIV. Treatment approaches for MDD in this patient group should be modeled on those used among non-HIV groups.