Biochemical Markers in Wheat Breeding (original) (raw)

Biochemical markers and specifically isozymes and seed storage proteins have been proved to be a very effective tool in wheat breeding and seed certification. Isozyme investigation contributed towards a better understanding of bread wheat (T. aestivum) genome structure (AABBDD). This investigation was also important in revealing the genome structure of related species and thus contributing to wheat evolution. Wheat storage proteins, i.e. gliadins and glutenins, due to their greater polymorphism, were found to be more informative in solving practical problems, especially in breeding for grain quality. Allelic variants of the high-molecular-weight and the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits proved to be the most effective markers for grain quality breeding and were employed by most breeders in developing high-quality wheat cultivars. They were also effective markers in detecting lines possessing resistance genes to winter tolerance, to biotic, and to abiotic stress conditions. The revealed genes were recently employed in genetic engineering approaches for improving grain quality. Biochemical markers were informative in population-genetic studies and in analyses of the genetic diversity of the wild wheat species. Furthermore, their application enabled the identification of alien genetic material into the wheat genome. The close association between biochemical markers with productivity and adaptability was beneficial in producing advanced wheat germplasm. In conclusion, application of biochemical markers played an important role in investigating evolution, breeding and certification of cultivated wheats. Finally, they contributed to the increased employment of molecular markers in wheat breeding.

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