The biochemistry of saliva throughout pregnancy (original) (raw)
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Pregnancy related changes in human salivary secretion and composition in a Nigerian population
Background: A variety of physiological changes occurring during pregnancy has been shown to affect the oral health. Saliva is critical for preserving and maintaining the health of oral tissues and has been used as a source of non-invasive investigation of different conditions in human and animal studies. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate changes in secretion and composition of saliva in pregnant women in a Nigerian population. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using purposive sampling technique. Saliva samples were collected from 50 pregnant and age matched 50 non-pregnant women. Salivary flow rate, pH, total protein and concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate were determined and compared using paired independent sample t test. Results: Salivary pH,mean concentrations of potassium and bicarbonate were significantly reduced while mean concentrations of salivary sodium and phosphate were significantly elevated in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women (P< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the salivary flow rate, concentrations of total protein and calcium. Conclusion: Salivary pH, bicarbonate and potassium concentrations were reduced while sodium and phosphate concentrations were elevated in pregnant women. These findings suggest that pregnant women may be predisposed to higher caries incidence.
Head & face medicine, 2006
Studies on salivary variables and pregnancy in Latin America are scarce. This study aimed to compare salivary flow rate, pH, and concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and sIgA of unstimulated whole saliva in pregnant and non-pregnant Brazilians. Cross-sectional study. Sample was composed by 22 pregnant and 22 non-pregnant women attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, São Lucas Hospital, in Porto Alegre city, South region of Brazil. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected to determine salivary flow rate, pH, and biochemical composition. Data were analyzed by Student t test and ANCOVA (two-tailed alpha = 0.05). No difference was found for salivary flow rates and concentrations of total calcium and phosphate between pregnant and non-pregnant women (p > 0.05). Pregnant women had lower pH (6.7) than non-pregnant women (7.5) (p < 0.001), but higher sIgA level (118.9 mg/L) than the latter (90.1 mg/L) (p = 0.026). Some of the tested variables of unstimulated whole saliva were...
The importance of pH, salivary flow and different dental caries risk factors in pregnant women
Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, 2018
During pregnancy, there are certain changes in a woman´s body that can affect or alter oral health. Likewise, in this period some changes in factors such as pH and salivary flow can contribute to an increased risk of caries in pregnant women; therefore, this research was conducted on 85 women from the city of Montemorelos who attended Montemorelos General Hospital, of whom 53 were pregnant and 32 were not, using these as a control group. Salivary flow, pH, the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index, and the Caries Risk Assessment Tool were used to assess caries risk. Of the pregnant women, 67.9% had a low salivary flow compared to non-pregnant women; of these, 50.6% showed a decreased salivary flow. The mean salivary pH of the pregnant women was 6.5 compared to the control group, which was 6.9. The mean DMFT index in pregnant women was 10.92 compared to the control group, which was 8.0. According to the caries risk evaluation, of the 53 pregnant women, 1.9% had low caries risk, 24.5% moderate risk, and 73.6% high caries risk.
2012
Introduction: Saliva plays an important part in the maintenance of oral health as it contains many innate and acquired factors with a protective role on the oral tissue.(1) Changes in salivary composition during pregnancy induce an increased response of the gingival tissues to local factors, such as plaque, tartar and hard tissues.(2) Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of salivary and serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, urea, total proteins and ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and to assess whether the activities of the enzymes can serve as a tool for the diagnostic of tooth disorders in pregnant women. Materials and methods: The studied batch was divided in the following groups: (1) pregnant women with dental caries n=12 (2) pregnant women with gingivitis n=15 (3) non-pregnant women n =15. The results were compared to a control group matched with the study groups in terms of age, BM...
Pregnancy-related changes in human whole saliva
Archives of Oral Biology, 1988
Flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, viscosity, sialic acid, selected proteins (amyiase, lysozyme, peroxidase, lactoferrin) and anions (thiocyanate, hypothiocyanite) were analysed in paraffin-stimulated whole saliva of 16 women during the three trimesters of pregnancy and post partum. Salivary pH and buffer capacity decreased towards late pregnancy, followed by a rapid and significant (p < 0.01) increase after delivery. The speciiic activity of salivary peroxidase increased si~ifi~tly ( p < 0.05) during the third trimester, thus supporting the concept of ~strogen~e~ndency of this enzyme. None of the other parameters changed significantly during pregnancy or lactation. The results suggest that the composition of human saliva is influenced by female sex steroids during pregnancy.
JMED Research, 2014
Objective: To evaluate salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity of saliva in pregnant and non pregnant women. Sample and design: The present study was a comparison between 30 pregnant women in their third trimester and 30 non pregnant women, in the age group of 19-34 years. Method: The salivary flow, pH, and buffering capacity was measured using Saliva-check BUFFER kit (GC Corporation). Both unstimulated and paraffin stimulated saliva was measured for 5 min by asking the subjects to spit passively into a measuring jar provided in the kit. Main outcome measures: The pH and buffering capacity of unstimulated saliva was measured using a pH and buffering strips provided in the kit. Results: Unpaired Student t test showed a statically significant increase in the salivary flow and a decrease in the pH and buffering capacity in the pregnant group when compare to the non pregnant group. Conclusion: The increase in the salivary flow rate in pregnant women could be attributed to the increase in the estrogen and progesterone concentration during pregnancy. The decrease in the pH and buffer capacity was due to the decrease in the plasma HCO 3 ion concentration and an increase in amylase concentration during pregnancy.
Salivary factors related to caries in pregnancy
The Journal of the American Dental Association, 2020
Background. The authors of this meta-analysis aimed to assess saliva-related caries risk factors, including calcium and phosphate, hydrogen ion concentration, buffer capacity, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts, flow rate, and decayed, missing and filled teeth index in each trimester during pregnancy. Types of Studies Reviewed. The authors searched electronic databases up to July 1, 2019. Eligible observational studies were included. The authors assessed the quality of the included studies by using the Joanna Briggs Institute scale. To estimate the effects of pregnancy, standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using the random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Begg and Egger tests. Results. Twenty-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 1,230 pregnant women in the case groups and 715 in the control groups (nonpregnant women). The results showed that salivary calcium concentration decreased in the third trimester, salivary phosphate decreased in the second and third trimesters, saliva hydrogen ion concentration decreased in the first and third trimesters, stimulated saliva flow rate increased in the third trimester, and salivary S mutans count increased in the second and third trimesters. In addition, the results showed that saliva calcium, phosphate, S mutans, and buffer capacity amounts had changed from the first trimester to the third. Conclusions and Practical Implications. In the third trimester, most salivary factors related to caries change and can increase the risk of developing caries in the future. Interventions and screening for caries prevention in pregnancy should start in the first or second trimesters.
Salivary buffer effect in relation to late pregnancy and postpartum
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2000
Laine M, Pieniha È kkinen K. Salivary buffer effect in relation to late pregnancy and postpartum. Acta Odontol Scand 2000;58:8±10. Oslo. ISSN 0001-6357. We studied the salivary pH, buffer effect (BE), and flow rates of unstimulated and paraffin-stimulated saliva of 8 women in their late pregnancy and postpartum. Salivary samples were collected about 1 month prior to and about 2 months after delivery. In non-pregnant control women, two paraffin-stimulated salivary samples were collected 1 month apart. The salivary BE increased significantly from late pregnancy to postpartum without exception. The increase was 2.04 AE 1.17 pH units (P < 0.001) on average. The BE increased from 4.79 AE 1.64 (final pH) to 6.82 AE 1.01 (final pH). This change was not due to variation in salivary flow rates, since both unstimulated and paraffin-stimulated flow rates remained unchanged. In control women the difference between the 2 BE measurements was only 0.13 AE 0.47 pH units on average. We concluded that women with high postpartum BE values may have moderate or even low BE values in late pregnancy. In control women, individual variation was found to be low in all variables studied.
The use of hormones indicators in human saliva in diagnosing parodontitis in pregnant women
Indian journal of human genetics, 2012
The purpose of this work- was to study the dynamics of biochemical parameters of human saliva and analyze the features of the chemical composition of the saliva of women with abnormal pregnancy and in periodontitis against pregnancy. THE STUDY INCLUDED FOUR GROUPS OF WOMEN: a control group of nonpregnant women of childbearing age (10), pregnant women with physiological pregnancy (24-28 weeks) without any signs of periodontal disease (10), pregnant with a generalized periodontitis I--II degrees in remission (10), women with pathological pregnancy with no signs of periodontal inflammation (10). In each of the groups over two samples of saliva were collected, the first collection of saliva in the morning on an empty stomach. Then mouthwash 0.9% sodium chloride solution was assigned and after 30 minutes the second portion of saliva. By enzyme immunoassay in samples of saliva of control groups of nonpregnant and pregnant women, as well as women with signs of a pathological course of preg...