Impact of moisture level in atmosphere on Biomass Gasification: A Bioenergy for Sustainable Development (original) (raw)
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In this study a theoretical modelling has been done to predict the composition of producer gas, calorific value and gasification temperature of reduction zone of downdraft biomass gasifier for different biomass fuels. Three different biomass fuel mainly, wood, bagasse and rice husk has been used for the study. Variation in gas composition, calorific value and gasification temperature with moisture content and equivalence ratio have been observed. The gas composition has almost remains constant for all the biomass fuels. The calorific value of gas has found to have decreased with the increase in moisture content of biomass from 0 to 30% and with the increase in equivalence ratio from 0.25 to 0.45, where equivalence ratio is defined as ratio of actual air-fuel ratio to stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. The gas derived from the gasification of wood has found to have highest calorific value. The gasification temperature has found to have highest for wood as biomass and lowest for bagasse as biomass. Gasification temperature of reduction zone has also found to have decreased from 1124 o C to 901 o C with the increase in moisture content and from 1130 o C to 773 o C with the increase in equivalence ratio for all biomass fuels.
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The gasification process can be considered as one of the greatest conservative techniques in the transformation of biomass because of certain crucial factors such as the consideration of space, reduction of substantial waste volume, flexibility of fuel used, as well as the recovery of energy. The general process of gasification inclines to involve the incomplete burning of the carbon-based part of fossil fuels, which forms an abundant flammable gas in the presence of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane or some saturated hydrocarbon gases. When we consider the process of gasification, the parameters deemed to affect its performance, including the type of catalyst used, gasifying agents, biomass ratio and temperatures, as well as the type of raw materials. The primary purpose of this paper is to address the gasification process, including the types of gasifier designs like the fluidized bed, downdrafts, and updrafts. It’s also responsible for addressing the production of tar from th...
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Biomass is a unique renewable energy fuel in that unlike other renewables, it is naturally available as a solid fuel, but can be converted into liquid or gaseous fuels. The world in 2005 used around 48 EJ of biomass energy, nearly all of which was combusted at low thermal efficiency as fuelwood in developing countries. Around 4.6 EJ was used in modern biomass systems, either as liquid transport fuels or as a solid fuel for boilers in power stations or heating units. At present, very little is gasified. The future use of gasified biomass will increasingly depend on its ability to deliver higher greenhouse gas savings at lower costs than other ways of using bioenergy. Because of the high efficiencies possible for combined cycle gas turbines, the potential for gasification is considerable, but cost reductions and further technical progress are still needed. Its potential could be enhanced if gasification combined with carbon capture becomes feasible.
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Biomass gasification shows a great potential to displace fossil fuels. In this paper, the potential of bioenergy production from biomass feedstock has been investigated, focusing on gasification technology as an environmentally friendly alternative. The present research is principally focused on a down draft gasifier equipment kit (GEK) unit. Biomass encompasses a wide range of feedstocks such as agricultural residues, energy crops, forestry materials, food waste, municipal solid waste, grains and starch crops. An efficient gasification unit produces syngas with calorific value up to 20 MJ/kg. Syngas predominately consists of a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This syngas can be used in a number of different processes including electricity generation, steam generation, transportation fuels, hydrogen production as well as chemical production, fertilizer manufacturing and consumer products. Results from our research highlight the potential of biomass gasification as a strong alternative for bioenergy production and a substitute for fossil fuels.
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A parametric study of the gasification of six biomass feedstocks (switchgrass, hardwood, softwood, fiber, cardboard and chicken manure), as representative of different types of biomass, has been performed on an experimental, pilot-scale 10 kWth down-draft gasification facility. A comparison was made of the performance of the gasifier as a function of feedstock, in terms of the producer gas production and composition. The variation of producer gas composition was analyzed in the range 600−1000°C. The results indicated that switchgrass, as representative of energy crops, has greater potential to yield the main components of the producer gas (i.e., hydrogen and carbon monoxide) in comparison with the other feedstocks. However, this did not guarantee the greatest suitability of the switchgrass for downstream applications due to low molar ratios of the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide (H 2 /CO), which measured at 1.01. To enhance the utility efficiency of producer gas, the downstream engines such as combustion engines require an adjusted molar ratio of H 2 /CO to utilize certain types of fuels which typically ranges from 1.5 to 3. By means of the catalytic water−gas shift reaction, an important portion of the CO content in the cracked gas can be used for additional hydrogen generation. The temperature variation of the down-draft reactor showed that the CO concentration increased with an increase in gasification temperature followed by a drop of temperature dependent on the different biomass feedstocks. Conversely, CO 2 concentration follows an opposite trend that means an initial decreasing trend followed by an increase as the temperature increases. H 2 concentration follows a direct relationship with the gasifier temperature. The concentration of CH 4 varies very slightly with the increase in gasifier temperature. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences between the energy crops and chicken manure mixed with wood chip, in terms of composition. In general, the variations in producer gas components were smaller at higher temperatures whereas H 2 /CO showed greater variation between individual feedstocks.