Шумерский календарный ритуал (категория МЕ и весенние праздники) / The Sumerian Calendar Ritual (ME's and Spring Festivals) (original) (raw)
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2023
The paper provides a comparative analysis of the summer festivals Abu and Obo, associated with a religious building of unclear etymology. Sanctuaries with similar names are found in the religions of peoples who spoke the languages of the Afroasiatic, Nostratic and Sino-Caucasian macrofamilies. The author of the paper suggests that the word abu/obo itself marked a pyramid-shaped stone mound above the burial, which served to implement certain religious ideas. Products were poured into the pit through special grooves. At the same pit, communication between spirits and priests/shamans took place. Since summer is a time of drought, the priests asked the spirits for rain and coolness. The lighting of torches, sports games, hymns and dances were dedicated to this purpose.
Asiatica 12/1, 2018
The article is devoted to the poetics of describing calendar festivals in the Sumerian and Akkadian texts of the III–I millennium BC. Six ways of presenting information about the festival in cuneiform are considered. It was established that at first in the information about the festival the main points were the list of nomenclature and the number of offerings. Since the beginning of the second millennium, texts have appeared with food and ritual prohibitions. Individual elements of the festivals are also described in the literary texts. With the advent of menologies and explanatory texts, the main content of the festivals is set out in the explanation to the names of the months of the calendar. This trend is replaced in I millennium BC primarily with texts on the monthly worship of the gods, and then with scenarios of rituals, which are fully recorded only towards the end of the cuneiform civilization.
2023
For the first time in scholarship, an anthology of calendrical and festival texts of the Ancient Orient, translated from Sumerian, Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian, Hittite, Hebrew, Ancient Persian and Sanskrit, is published. The publication includes the following seven sections: Ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Syria, Ancient Asia Minor, Ancient Israel and Judea, Ancient Iran, Ancient India. Each section consists of two parts. The “Research” part talks about time units, the history of the calendar, zodiac and the most important festivals of the region. The “Texts” section presents commented translations of texts, arranged in chronological order. The publication is intended for all those interested in calendars and holidays of the peoples of the Ancient World, orientalists, ethnographers, and literary historians. St. Petersburg, 2023. 658 p. ISBN 978-5-85803-621-0 (in Russian)
Этнографическое обозрение, 2013
Статья посвящена распространенной среди азиатских эскимосов практике кормления духов. Поминальная церемония является наиболее организованным и ритуализиро- ванным видом кормления. Автор подробно описывает современный поминальный обряд азиатских эскимосов, показывает его вариативность и выделяет отдельные черты современного социального и ритуального контекста, в котором он отправляется.
Календарні обряди Потур'я в контексті стародавніх народних вірувань
Calendar rituals of Poturia in the context of ancient folk beliefs, 2016
Each ethnographic region of Ukraine has certain cultural features acquired during history, due to geographical, climatic and other natural factors. In this study, the geographical location is narrowed to the definition of the Site, which was chosen to clarify the boundaries of the study area. Its name comes from the right tributary of the Upper Pripyat - the Turia River. It is known that the coast of reservoirs in ancient times inhabited by people in the first place. This fact allows us to hope that the traditional culture of such geographic areas preserves the most ancient cultural phenomena. The formation of the ideological system of each ethnic group occurs in the context of the perception of the world: "A worldview is shaped at the level of an ethnic group, when a balance is established between society and the natural landscape that holds it" [3, p. 24]. In this respect, the traditional culture of Western Volhynia is also interesting, which includes, in particular, a wide range of different rituals.
Гуцуляк О.Б. Этногенетический обряд «Священной весны»: скифы, сарматы, готы, нарты, гуцулы (мифо-эпические параллели) // Гуманитарные научные исследования. – 2014. – № 11. - С. 242-249 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://human.snauka.ru/2014/11/8154 (дата обращения: 02.11.2014). – ISSN 2225-3157 (online) ; ISSN 2309-1258 (print) Данная статья посвящена анализу этногенеалогических сюжетов исторических преданий и их мифо-эпического ядра. На основании общих схождений и этногенетического родства предлагается рассматривать некоторые сюжеты исторических нарративов типа «О происхождении народа» как отражающие дуплетность межэтнических контактов на уровне «свой – чужой», где «свой» – всегда представитель позитивного отношения к жизни, реализатор «правильного» ритуального пути, исполнитель «истинных» заветов предов или веры и т.д., а «чужой» – всегда представитель «неправильной», «поврежденной» или даже «нечеловеческой» силы https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22621738
Вестник Пермского университета. История. 2024. № 2(65). С. 5–14.
The article analyzes the main Egyptian festivals in the Greco-Roman period in relation to the Greek and Roman mystery religion, which had a significant impact on changes in the Egyptian festive culture. The study of the Egyptian temple reliefs, including calendar lists and scenes of the Osirian Khoiak Festival, the Coronation ofthe Sacred Falcon, the Feast of the Beautiful Reunion, the lunar festivals reveals that, starting from the Hellenistic period, the gloomy mystical subjects prevail in the programs of Egyptian festivals and the rituals are reminiscent of dramatic performances based on the myths of the death of Osiris and Dionysus-Zagreus. The festival concept strengthens the principles of dualism of ideas and things, which are seen in ancient mysteries and involve the immersion of the participants in the darkness and then their unexpected exit to the dazzling light. These actions were considered in relation to the stages of initiation, when the soul passed from the material world to the spiritual, and with the posthumous exit of the soul from the dark depths of the underworld to Elysium, or the Isles of the Blessed, with which the Egyptian Fields of Iaru were associated. Such a dualistic festival concept is expressed, for example, in the reliefs of Dendera and Edfu temples, representing the processions of priests descending into dark rooms and ascending to the roof of the temple with statues of deities for the rite Xnm itn (“unity with the solar disk”). At the same time, the balance between solar and lunar cults, inherent to the ancient Egyptian religion, was violated in the Greco-Roman period, and the religious practice proposed a shift of emphasis towards the Osirian cult, correlated with the moon phases.
Каталог магических ритуалов сирийских христиан
2022
В основе статьи лежит материал, собранный и проанализированный участниками проекта «Исследование магических ритуалов в сирийских заклинательных сборниках», осуществлявшегося в рамках летней школы Центра «Сэфер» по полевым и цифровым исследованиям в арамеистике и гебраистике (23–29 августа 2021 г.). Помимо авторов настоящей статьи, в проекте принимали участие 1 Статья подготовлена по результатам проекта «Инвентарь сирийских заговоров» при поддержке фонда «Гуманитарные исследования» ФГН НИУ «Высшая школа экономики» в 2021 г. Описание проекта можно найти на сайте НИУ ВШЭ по ссылке: https://hum.hse.ru/proj/inventar\_sirijskih\_zagovorov. 199Дуаа Рашид Анна Черкашина Ю. Абибок, Р. Гардашук и М. Бартаханова. Настоящая статья представляет собой каталог, состоящий из 32 магических предписаний, которые были найдены в опубликованных рукописях сирийских заклинательных сборников XVIII–XX вв. Все ритуалы разбиты на три группы в зависимости от сферы их применения: терапевтические, сельскохозяйственно-бытовые или любовные. Для каждого ритуала была составлена карточка с текстом предписания, описанием ритуала и его основными характеристиками.