Epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in pregnant women in Sana’a, Yemen (original) (raw)
Related papers
Hepatology and Pancreatic Science, 2018
Background: Hepatitis B and C viral infections during pregnancy are associated with high risk of maternal complications and mortality. There is high prevalence of vertical transmission causing fetal and neonatal hepatitis which can have serious effects on the neonate, leading to impaired physical and mental health later in life. This study was aimed at evaluating HBsAg and Anti-HCV prevalence of these viruses among pregnant women accessing antenatal care in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This prospective cross sectional study took place between May-July 2016. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from pregnant women after informed consent and self-administered questionnaires were completed. Blood samples were analyzed using HBsAg and anti-HCV immunochromatographic screening kits (Fastep Polymed Therapeutics Inc, USA). Chi square test (Smith's Statistical Package Version 2.80, California, USA) was used for assessing the association of risk factors with the infections. Results: The overall level of positivity for both viruses in the study population was 14.0%. The prevalence of HBsAg was 8.0% while Anti-HCV was 6.0% and no woman was coinfected with the 2 viruses. The infection rate was highest among those aged 21-30 years old and 31-40 years old for HBV and HCV respectively (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant association between the viral infections and history of blood transfusion (p<0.05). Surgical/ dental procedure was also a predictor for HCV infection (p<0.05) and was not a predictor for HBV infection (p>0.05) in this study. However, educational status, stage of pregnancy, type of marriage, parity and scarification marks did not show any statistically significant association with HBV and HCV infections (p>0.05), although there were arithmetic differences among the studied risk factors (p>0.05). Conclusion: The study confirms a high prevalence of HBsAg and Anti-HCV among pregnant women in Central Nigeria which is a serious public health problem that cannot be downplayed. Therefore, there is need for establishment of public health measures in order to reduce disease burden and vertical transmission, including routine screening of all pregnant women for these viruses.
Journal of midwifery and reproductive health, 2015
Background & aim: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health concern. According to the statistics, the prevalence of this infection is moderate in Iran. Pregnant mothers, who are infected with the virus (virus carriers), can transmit the infection to their fetus. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its influencing factors in pregnant women, referring to healthcare centers of Dehloran, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of all pregnant women with medical records, referring to healthcare centers of Dehloran city for prenatal care during 2011-2012. Census sampling was applied and subjects' medical records were reviewed. Demographic and pregnancyrelated data, and HBV test results were recorded. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test and Fisher's exact test were applied, using SPSS version 16.0. Pvalue < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, the medical records of 850 pregnant women were studied. The prevalence of positive HBsAg test results was 0.59% in the study population. Positive HBsAg was significantly correlated with parity (P=0.003) and abortion (P=0.04). However, there was no significant association between HBsAg results and other variables such as age (P=0.16), mother's educational level (P=0.16), spouse's educational level (P=0.66), place of residence (P=0.66), history of cesarean section (P=0.18), work experience at healthcare centers (P=1.0), blood transfusion (P=1.0) or HBV infection in the first-degree relatives (P=1.0). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of positive HBsAg was relatively low among pregnant women in Dehloran city, HBV screening during pregnancy is highly recommended.
Journal of Medical Virology, 2016
Currently, data examining nationally representative prevalence and trends of HBV or HCV among specific subgroups of pregnant women in the US are unavailable. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of hospitalizations for liveborn singleton deliveries from 1998 to 2011 using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. After identifying deliveries with HBV, HCV, and HIV infection during pregnancy, survey logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Temporal trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression. The rates of HBV and HCV were 85.8 and 118.6 per 100,000 deliveries, respectively; however, there was substantial variation across maternal and hospital factors. The HBV rate increased from 57.8 in 1998 to 105.0 in 2011, resulting in an annual increase of 5.5% (95% CI: 3.8-7.3). The HCV rate increased fivefold, from 42.0 in 1998 to over 210 in 2011. These trends were observed for nearly every population subgroup. However, we did observe differences in the degree to which hepatitis during pregnancy was becoming more prevalent. The increasing national trend in the prevalence of hepatitis among pregnant women was particularly concerning among already highrisk groups. This underscores the need for coordinated approaches-encompassing culturally-appropriate health education/risk-reduction programs, and increased vaccination and screening efforts-championed by health providers. J. Med. Virol.
Mediterranean journal of infection, microbes & antimicrobials, 2019
Giriş: Çalışma Viral Hepatit Derneği tarafından toplumda hepatit bilincini artırmak ve epidemiyolojik değişkenleri belirlemek projesi kapsamında hepatit B yüzey antijeni (HBsAg) ve anti-hepatit C virüs (HCV) pozitifliği ile ilişkili risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Öz Introduction: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate factors associated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) positivity through the "Raising Public Awareness and Determining Epidemiological Changes in Hepatitis" project conducted by the Viral Hepatitis Society of Turkey. Materials and Methods: A total of 61,943 participants (mean age 35±14.1 years, 50.8% males) who volunteered to participate in the study were screened for HBsAg and anti-HCV by primary healthcare centers distributed throughout 78 cities in Turkey. A standard questionnaire form about sociodemographic features and transmission-related risk factors was completed via face-to-face interviews with each participant. A sub-population of 21,473 participants with complete data were analyzed for the presence of risk factors associated with HBsAg and anti-HCV seropositivity. Results: HBsAg and anti-HCV seropositivity were detected in 1,515 (2.5%) and 332 (0.6%) of the 61,943 study population, respectively. By univariate chi-square test, significant associations were found between hospitalization and anti-HCV and between dental treatment in the last five years and HBsAg and anti-HCV seropositivity. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, dental treatment was still associated with HBsAg and anti-HCV seropositivity, while hospitalization was associated with anti-HCV seropositivity. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings indicate dialysis and history of hospitalization impose significant risks for hepatitis C transmission, and dental treatment is associated with transmission of both hepatitis B and hepatitis C.
Evaluation of HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Anti-HIV Seroprevalence and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women
Viral Hepatitis Journal, 2021
Amaç: Hepatit B virüsü, hepatitis C virüsü (HBV, HCV) ve insan immün yetmezlik virüsleri (HIV) enfeksiyonlarının dikey bulaşması önemli bir halk sağlığı problemidir. Bu çalışmadaki amaç bir ildeki gebelerde hepatit B, anti-HCV ve anti-HIV seropozitiflik oranlarını belirlemek ve enfeksiyonları perinatal sonuçlar açısından değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmada kadın hastalıkları ve doğum kliniğinde doğumu gerçekleştirilmiş 8,464 hasta kayıt altına alınmıştır. Gebelerde seropozitiflik oranları, hepatit B yüzey antijeni (HBsAg), HCV antikoru ve tespit edilen anti-HIV antikoru sonuçlarına göre araştırıldı. Yıllara göre ve perinatal sonuçlara göre oranlar belirlenip istatistiki karşılaştırma yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan gebelerde HBsAg seropozitifliği 2015 yılında %2,8 (n=55), 2016 yılında %2,2 (n=52), 2017 yılında %2,3 (n=47) ve 2018 yılında ise %2,2 (n=49) bulunmuş olup 4 yıllık ortalaması %2,3 (n=203) olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yıllar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir (p>0,05). Tüm hastalarımız içinde dört yıllık ortalama anti-HCV seropozitifliği %0,57 (n=49) olup yıllar arasında fark bulunmadı (p>0,05). Anti-HIV seropozitifliği ortalama olarak %0,09 olarak saptanmış olup yıllara göre istatistiki anlamda bir farklılık izlenmemiştir (p>0,05). Sonuç: Önlenebilir bir viral hastalık olan hepatit B'nin doğum esnasında bulaş riski olduğundan ve fetusta bulaş olursa ilerleyen yaşlarda ölümcül komplikasyonlara yol açabileceğinden tüm gebelerin HBsAg seropozitifliği açısından taranması ve bunun bir antepartum planlama programına dahil edilmesi yenidoğanların enfeksiyondan korunması ve tedavi edilmesi için gereklidir. HCV'nin toplumda bulaş oranı düşük bir düzeyde olmasına karşın klinik Objectives: Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, (HBV, HCV) and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) infections is an important public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of hepatitis B, anti-HCV and anti-HIV seropositivities in pregnant women in a city and to evaluate the infections in terms of perinatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 8,464 patients who gave birth in obstetrics and gynecology clinic were recorded. Seropositivity rates of pregnant women were investigated according to the results of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV antibody and anti-HIV antibody. The rates were determined according to years and perinatal results and statistical comparison was made. Results: HBsAg seropositivity in pregnant women included in the study was 2.8 % (n=55) in 2015, 2.2% (n=52) in 2016, 2.3% (n=47) in 2017 and 2.2% (n=49) in 2018. The 4 year average was found to be 2.3% (n=203). There was no significant difference between the years (p>0.05). Among all our patients, 4-year mean anti-HCV seropositivity was 0.57% (n=49) and there was no difference between years (p>0.05). Anti-HIV seropositivity was found to be 0.09% on average, and there was no statistically significant difference over the years (p>0.05). Conclusion: Since hepatitis B, which is a preventable viral disease, has a risk of transmission during delivery and if it is transmitted to the fetus, it may lead to fatal complications at later ages, it is necessary to screen all pregnant women in terms of HBsAg seropositivity and to include it in an antepartum planning program to protect and treat newborns from infection. Although the transmission rate of HCV is low in the society, considering its clinical course, screening of HCV
Epidemiology of hepatitis B and C in a pregnant woman in a tertiary teaching hospital in Jordan
Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2019
Background: Maternal infection with hepatitis can expose the newborn to subsequent chronic hepatitis. Acquired hepatitis is a preventable condition. A low percentage of hepatitis during pregnancy was found in this study to indicate successfully adoption of the modern methods of infection control. Objective: Maternal infection with hepatitis B or C virus can expose the newborn to a subsequent chronic hepatitis infection. Perinatally acquired hepatitis B virus is a largely preventable condition. Herein, the authors aimed o determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: 48,556 pregnant women attending the delivery room between January 2005 and December 2016 were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B core IgM (HBc IgM), hepatitis B core IgG (HBc IgG), and hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab). The percentages of the above variables were determined. Results: Of the 48,556 women, 118 (0.24 %) were found to have hepatitis, 107 (0.22%) with hepatitis B, and 11 (0.02%) with hepatitis C. HBsAg was positive in 102 (86.4 %), HBsAb in six (5.1%), HBeAg in 14 (11.9%), HBeAb in 52 (44.1%), HBc IgM in seven (5.9%), HBc IgG in 51 (43.2%), and HCV Ab in 11 (9.3%). Acute hepatitis B was found in two (1.7%) women, chronic hepatitis B in 60 (50.1%), chronic hepatitis B and C in four (3.4%), chronic hepatitis C in seven (5.9%), chronic inactive hepatitis B in 39 (33.1%), latent hepatitis in two (1.7%), and resolved chronic hepatitis B in four (3.4%). Conclusions: A low percentage of seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C during pregnancy was found at a tertiary university hospital in Jordan.
Arid Zone Journal of Basic and Applied Research
The epidemiology of viral hepatitis among pregnant women is of paramount significance in policy and decision making and the provision of effective and adequate antenatal care, especially in the grassroots health care facilities like that of our study area. This study is cross-sectional hospital-based research aimed at investigating the seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV among pregnant women accessing PHC maternity in Lamurde, Mubi for antenatal care. Blood samples from all the 100 consenting pregnant women were screened for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies using rapid diagnostic kits. A total of 11(11.0%) of the pregnant women tested were seropositive for HBsAg and none 0.0(0.0%) of the participants tested were seropositive for anti-HCV. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity was highest in the age group 26-30yrs (17.4%) and least in the age group 16-20yrs (3.4%). However, no single case of HBsAg and or anti-HCV was recorded in the age groups 31-35. Most of the participan...
Background. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections are a public health problem worldwide. It is highly endemic in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Horizontal and perinatal transmissions are thought to be the major modes of transmission in these countries. Objective. This study aimed to investigate the seroepidemiology and possible risk factors for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was conducted from July to September 2014 among 421 pregnant women attending antenatal care services in randomly selected health facilities, East Wollega Zone, West Oromia, Ethiopia. Blood sample was collected from each woman and separated serum was tested for the presence of markers. A prestructured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and risk factors. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used as measures of the strength of association. Result. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 2.4% ranging from 0.0% to 5.2%. It was the highest in Sire Health Center and the lowest/nil in others. The prevalence of HCV ranged from 6.7% to 20% with an average of 8.07% in this study area where it was highest in the Getema Health Center Antenatal Care Attendants. Only address (p=0.020) and area of the health institution (p=0.021) are significantly the associated factors for HBsAg and serostatus of HCV, respectively. Conclusion. The prevalence of HBsAg carrier rate of pregnant women in the study area falls within the medium endemic prevalence and HCV prevalence was higher than HBsAg. Study participants who were from urban areas were significantly affected with HBV while study institution affects the prevalence of HCV infection so that initiating screening tests during follow up period for antenatal care services is mandatory.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Egyptian Pregnant Women - A Single Center Study
International Journal of Tropical Disease & Health, 2014
Background: Sub-Saharan Africa has a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting HBV infection through their occupation. Vaccination of HCWs against HBV is standard practice in many countries, but is often not implemented in resource-poor settings. We aimed with this cross-sectional study to determine HBV prevalence, HCW vaccination status, and the risk factors for HCWs contracting HBV infection in Tanzania. Methods: We enrolled 600 HCWs from a tertiary Tanzanian hospital. Their demographics, medical histories, HBV vaccination details and risk factors for contracting blood-borne infections were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers by ELISA techniques, PCR and an anti-HBs rapid test. HCWs were divided in two subgroups: those at risk of contracting HBV (rHCW 79.2 %) via exposure to potentially infectious materials, and those considered not at risk of contracting HBV (nrHCW, 20.8 %). Results: The overall prevalence of chronic HBV infection (HBsAg+, anti-HBc+, anti-HBs-) was 7.0 % (42/598). Chronic HBV infection was found in 7.4 % of rHCW versus 5.6 % of nrHCW (p-value = 0.484). HCWs susceptible to HBV (HBsAg-, anti-HBc-, anti-HBs-) comprised 31.3 %. HBV immunity achieved either by healed HBV infection (HBsAg-, anti-HBc+, anti-HBs+) or by vaccination (HBsAg-, anti-HBc-, anti-HBs+) comprised 36.5 % and 20.2 %, respectively. 4.8 % of participants had indeterminate results (HBsAg-, anti-HBc+, anti-HBc-IgM-, anti-HBs-). Only 77.1 % of HCWs who received a full vaccination course had an anti-HBs titer >10 ml/U. An anti-HBs point-of-care test was 80.7 % sensitive and 96.9 % specific. There was a significantly higher risk for contracting HBV (anti-HBc+) among those HCW at occupational risk (rHCW) of older age (odds ratios (OR) in rHCW 3.297, p < 0.0001 vs. nrHCW 1.385, p = 0.606) and among those HCW being employed more than 11 years (OR 2.51, p < 0.0001***). HCV prevalence was low (HCV antibodies 1.2 % and HCV-RNA 0.3 %). Conclusions: Chronic HBV infection is common among Tanzanian HCWs. One third of HCWs were susceptible to HBV infection, highlighting the need for vaccination. Due to high prevalence of naturally acquired immunity against HBV pre-testing might be a useful tool to identify susceptible individuals.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are serious public health problem affecting billions of people globally with maternal-fetaltransmission on the rise. This study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among pregnant women attending integral institute of medical sciences and research hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.Methods: In this cross-sectional study 345 pregnant women were recruited from the integral institute of medical sciences and research hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Blood samples were collected for the detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies. A pretested questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data and identify the risk factors associated with the two infections. Ethical clearances were taken from the institution. Data tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Out of total 345 samples of pre...