Synthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) from Brassica carinata oil with high content of erucic acid and from very long chain fatty acids (original) (raw)
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Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2010
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are naturally occurring biodegradable polymers with promising application in the formulation of plastic materials. PHAs are produced by numerous bacteria as energy/carbon storage materials from various substrates, including sugars and plant oils. Since these substrates compete as food sources, their use as raw material for industrial-scale production of PHA is limited. Therefore, eVorts have been focused on seeking alternative sources for bacterial production of PHA. One substrate that seems to have great potential is the seed oil of Jatropha curcas plant. Among other favorable properties, J. curcas seed oil is non-edible, widely available, and can be cheaply produced. In this study, Pseudomonas oleovorans (ATCC 29347) was grown in a mineral salt medium supplemented with saponiWed J. curcas seed oil as the only carbon source under batch fermentation. Optimum PHA yield of 26.06% cell dry weight was achieved after 72 h. The PHA had a melting point (T m ) between 150 and 160°C. Results of polymer analyses by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) identi-Wed only the methyl 3-hydroxybutanoate monomeric unit. However, electrospray ionization-time of Xight mass spectroscopy (ESI-TOF MS) conWrmed that the PHA was a copolymer with the characteristic HB/HV peaks at m/z 1155.49 . The data were further supported by 1 H and 13 C NMR analysis. Polymer analysis by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) indicated a peak molecular weight (MP) of 179,797, molecular weight (M W ) of 166,838, weight number average mass (M n ) of 131,847, and polydispersity (M w /M n ) of 1.3. The data from this study indicate that J. curcas seed oil can be used as a substrate to produce the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), poly(3HB-co-3HV).
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015
The potential of crude glycerol (CG) from different origins as carbon sources in the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymer using Cupriavidus necator IPT 027 and Burkholderia cepacia IPT 438 was investigated in this study. Different variables were kept constant during the subsequent microbial growth and PHA production. A maximum cell accumulation of 71.07% (w/v) was obtained when C. necator IPT 027 was cultivated with CG II (originated from the processing of biodiesel from residual fats and oils). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed novel PHA-constituents as building blocks of medium chains (3HTD) and long (15HPD and 11HHD) chains. Analyses of molar mass distribution revealed weight average molar masses (M w ) in the range of 552-8240 kDa and polydispersity indexes (PDIs) in the range of 1.6-2.2. The melting temperature ranged between 139.8 and 175.9 • C. The crystallinity was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (35.92-66.07%) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (33.30-57.80%). High decomposition temperatures (291.6-348.9 • C) were also observed. All PHAs presented Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra that were similar to the FTIR spectra reported in the literature. The results obtained from this study indicate that C. necator IPT 027 and B. cepacia IPT 438 cultivated from different by-products from the biodiesel industry were capable of producing PHA copolymers that are suitable for industrial applications.
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2007
In the course of the production of rhamnolipids with surface-active properties, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2, when cultivated in mineral medium with waste cooking, accumulates polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) up to 36% of its cell dry weight (CDW) with the following composition (%): 9.4 . At the same time, average molecular weights, which ranged between 38.8 and 37.1 kDa were determined making use of the Mark-Houwink relationship and the intrinsic viscosities determined for tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 40 • C as solvent. The resulting polymers varied in the nature of the monomers and number. The highest production rate was at 37 • C, 8.2 mg of PHA/(g of residual biomass h) and the amounts of saturated and unsaturated compounds were strongly temperature dependent. Finally, the effect of the incubation temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources and the concentration of potassium phosphate in relation to the polymer composition are evaluated. PHA monomer compositions were determined by GC-MS and corroborated by NMR spectra analysis.
Current Biotechnology, 2015
Novel short-chain-length-long-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (SCL-LCL-PHA) copolymer production was examined with Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7925 under supplementation of non-edible oils such as karanja, jatropha, mahua, and castor oils, and their respective cakes for cost reduction. Polymer yield reached up to 4.66 g/l (63.7% dry cell wt., dcw) with a mol fraction of 89.7:4.2:2.7:3.4 of 3hydroxybutyric acid (3HB): 3-hydroxyvaleric acid (3HV): 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (3HHD): 3-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (3HOD) units under the interactive condition of low nitrogen concentration with 0.5% (v/v) jatropha oil in combination with its cake extract, followed by 3.94 g/l (59.6% dcw) with a mol fraction of 91.6:3.3:2.5:2.6 of 3HB: 3HV: 3HHD: 3HOD with castor oil and its cake extracts. The novel co-polymer not only depicted material properties analogous to the common plastics but also better melting temperature (T m), glass-transition temperature (T g), elongation-to-break value and Young's modulus than the homopolymer of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). As compared to our previous report where palm oil and its cakes were used, a cost reduction of 54% was observed with the non-edible jatropha oil with its cakes. This opens up possibility for further study at pilot-scale level for low-cost production and future recommendations.
A review on vegetable oil based biodegradable polymers
International Journal of Science and Research Archive
The reviewed work addressed the shift in focus from conventional polymers to bio-based and renewable polymers. This extensively discussed the values of various fatty acid components present in the oils and polymers. Areas of application of the thermosetting polymers obtained from plant seed oils were discussed. Non-biodegradable polymers are causing severe damage to the environment. To counter this, need of biodegradable polymers is gaining a rapid growth in numbers, in their applications and quantities used. In this manuscript, we have briefly described important vegetable oil derived materials such as alkyds, poly-esteramides, , polyurethanes, epoxies, polyols, along with their preparation and applications as protective coatings. A small portion of the review is also dedicated to the future perspectives in the field. In spite of their extensive utilization in the world of coatings, literature survey revealed that in the past no review has come up describing the chemistry and appli...
International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 2011
Oligomeric hydroxyalkanoic acids can be prepared by thermal decomposition of the original polyesters at moderate high temperature. In this study, low molecular weight hydroxyl acids were produced by heat treating of saponified palm kernel oil-derived medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) in the temperature range of 160°–190°C. Thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and degree of crystallinity of mcl-PHA before and after thermal treatments were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements. Changes in molecular weight and the acidity of decomposition products were investigated by Gel Permeation Chromatography and end group analyses, respectively. An increase in the acidity of oligomeric hydroxyalkanoic acids was observed when the molecular weight of the oligomers decreased. This was primarily due to the formation of thermodynamically stable hydroxyl-carboxylate ions and the protons in aqueous solutions when heat is supplied to the system.
Thermal synthesis and hydrolysis of polyglyceric acid
Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere, 1989
Polyglyceric acid was synthesized by thermal condensation of glyceric acid at 80 ° in the presence and absence of two mole percent of sulfuric acid catalyst. The acid catalyst accelerated the polymerization over 100-fold and made possible the synthesis of insoluble polymers of both Land DL-glyceric acid by heating for less than 1 day. Racemization of L-glyceric acid yielded less than 1% D-glyceric acid in condensations carried out at 80°C with catalyst for 1 day and without catalyst for 12 days. The condensation of L-glyceric acid yielded an insoluble polymer much more readily than condensation of DL-glyceric acid. Studies of the hydrolysis of poly-DL-glyceric acid revealed that it was considerably more stable under mild acidic conditions compared to neutral pH. The relationship of this study to the origin of life is discussed. 2. Experimental 2.1. MATERIALS Glyoxylate reductase (D-glycerate dehydrogenase activity-525 units/ml), glutathione, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Tris), [3
Biological Oils as Precursors to Novel Polymeric Materials
Journal of Renewable Materials, 2013
This paper reviews a part of the rich fi eld of oleochemicals, their synthesis and applications as precursors for polymers by referring to published data rather than discussing details of different reactions. The hope is to help readers in fi nding leads in the vast research area carried out over a long period of time, to avoid traps and to inspire new ideas for oil-based products and processes.
Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Biosynthesis from Crude Alaskan Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Oil
Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2008
Six strains of Pseudomonas were tested for their abilities to synthesize poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) polymers from crude Pollock oil, a large volume byproduct of the Alaskan fishing industry. All six strains were found to produce PHA polymers from hydrolyzed Pollock oil with productivities (P; the percent of the cell mass that is polymer) ranging from 6 to 53% of the cell dry weight (CDW). Two strains, P. oleovorans NRRL B-778 (P = 27%) and P. oleovorans NRRL B-14682 (P = 6%), synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with number average molecular weights (M n) of 206,000 g/mol and 195,000 g/mol, respectively. Four strains, P. oleovorans NRRL B-14683 (P = 52%), P. resinovorans NRRL B-2649 (P = 53%), P. corrugata 388 (P = 43%), and P. putida KT2442 (P = 39%), synthesized medium-chain-length PHA (mcl-PHA) polymers with M n values ranging from 84,000 g/mol to 153,000 g/mol. All mcl-PHA polymers were primarily composed of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid (C 8:0) and 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C 10:0) amounting to at least 75% of the total monomers present. Unsaturated monomers were also present in the mcl-PHA polymers at concentrations between 13% and 16%, providing loci for polymer derivatization and/or crosslinking. Keywords Biopolymer Á Medium-chain length PHA Á Pollock oil Á Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Á Pseudomonas Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.