Utilization of Biotechnology on Some Forest Trees in Turkey (original) (raw)
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Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering in Forest Trees
As with agricultural plants and animals, technical innovations in genetics, genomics, and related disciplines are also being developed for forest trees. However, the nature of trees and forests, and the wider range of products that we expect from them compared to crops, creates new challenges and opportunities. In addition to wood and fiber products, forest managers must also balance trade-offs in producing ecological and social services. Inevitably, controversy develops over management goals and technologies. This includes where, how, and whether genetic technology and breeding in any form is appropriate. The goal of this essay is to review forest biotechnology, with a focus on its most controversial form, genetic engineering (GE). Question: What is forest biotechnology? Answer: Forest tree biotechnology emerged during the 1980s and encompasses a developing collection of tools for modifying tree physiology and genetics to aid breeding, propagation, and research (Burdon and Libby 20...
PAKET INFORMASI ELEKTRONIK (Jasa pemasaran informasi) BIOTECHNOLOGY ON FORESTRY
Biotechnology provides important tools for the sustainable development of agriculture, fisheries and forestry, and can be of significant help in meeting an indispensable part in the rise of human civilization. It is indeed often considered as one of the fields of scientific research in which the most rapid advances have been made in recent years. It includes the unique roles and functions that trees, major structural constituents of forest ecosystems have, their special biological characteristics, and their importance in the provision of environmental, social and economic goods and services. Forest trees have unquestionably entered the genomic era. Biotechnological tools viz., transgenic technology, RNA interference, functional genomics, marker assisted selection, QTL and tissue culture etc. have paved road for successful exploitation and integration of scientific fields with an increased sense of urgency for delivery of cutting edge research in tree biotechnology, both in academia and industry. Advances and integration of such fields will have a great impact in many respects, and will continue to provide new information, thereby offering exciting prospects for future tree improvement programs worldwide.
Application of Biotechnology in Forestry: Current Status and Future Perspective
Biotechnology provides important tools for the sustainable development of agriculture, fisheries and forestry, and can be of significant help in meeting an indispensable part in the rise of human civilization. It is indeed often considered as one of the fields of scientific research in which the most rapid advances have been made in recent years. It includes the unique roles and functions that trees, major structural constituents of forest ecosystems have, their special biological characteristics, and their importance in the provision of environmental, social and economic goods and services. Forest trees have unquestionably entered the genomic era. Biotechnological tools viz., transgenic technology, RNA interference, functional genomics, marker assisted selection, QTL and tissue culture etc. have paved road for successful exploitation and integration of scientific fields with an increased sense of urgency for delivery of cutting edge research in tree biotechnology, both in academia and industry. Advances and integration of such fields will have a great impact in many respects, and will continue to provide new information, thereby offering exciting prospects for future tree improvement programs worldwide.
Biotechnology and the domestication of forest trees
Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2005
Wood is one of the major renewable materials. To compensate for the ever-increasing demand for wood and to reduce pressure on native forests, more wood of higher quality will need to be produced on less land by planting highly productive trees. Biotechnology has shown great promise for forest tree improvement and over the past 10 years this field has flourished. Not only has the potential of transgenic trees with optimized yield and quality traits been demonstrated in field trials, but progress in genetical genomics and association genetics promise quantum leaps forward for tree improvement.
Forest biotechnology: Innovative methods, emerging opportunities
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2005
The productivity of plantation forests is essential to meet the future world demand for wood and wood products in a sustainable fashion and in a manner that preserves natural stands and biodiversity. Plantation forestry has enormously benefited from development and implementation of improved silvicultural and forest management practices during the past century. A second wave of improvements has been brought about by the introduction of new germplasm developed through genetics and breeding efforts for both hardwood and conifer tree species. Coupled with the genetic gains achieved through tree breeding, the emergence of new biotechnological approaches that span the fields of plant developmental biology, genetic transformation, and discovery of genes associated with complex multigenic traits have added a new dimension to forest tree improvement programs. Significant progress has been made during the past five years in the area of plant regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis (SE) for economically important tree species. These advances have not only helped the development of efficient gene transfer techniques, but also have opened up avenues for deployment of new high-performance clonally replicated planting stocks in forest plantations. One of the greatest challenges today is the ability to extend this technology to the most elite germplasm, such that it becomes an economically feasible means for large-scale production and delivery of improved planting stock. Another challenge will be the ability of the forestry research community to capitalize rapidly on current and future genomics-based elucidation of the underlying mechanisms for important but complex phenotypes. Advancements in gene cloning and genomics technology in forest trees have enabled the discovery and introduction of value-added traits for wood quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses into improved genotypes. With these technical advancements, it will be necessary for reliable regulatory infrastructures and processes to be in place worldwide for testing and release of trees improved through biotechnology. Commercialization of planting stocks, as new varieties generated through clonal propagation and advanced breeding programs or as transgenic trees with high-value traits, is expected in the near future, and these trees will enhance the quality and productivity of our plantation forests.
Genetically modified trees: State and perspectives
Genetika, 2012
: Genetically modified trees -state and perspectives. Vol 44, No. 2,[429][430][431][432][433][434][435][436][437][438][439][440] Genetically modified trees are the result of modern plant breeding. Its introduction into the environment for experimental purposes or wider cultivation is defined differently from country to country. Public opinion is divided! Conducted research are part of the activities within the COST Action FP0905 "Biosafety of forest transgenic trees", which aims to collect information and define the scientific attitude on genetically modified trees information refer to eight countries: four EU member states (Italy, Slovenia, Romania and Bulgaria) and four countries in the process of pre-accession (Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina). A comparative analysis involved the state of forest resources (area of forest land and forest cover), forestry legislation, legislation relating to genetically modified organisms and the general public attitude on this issue. The collected information provide a good basis for understanding this issue in order to define a clear scientific attitude as a recommendation.
CAB Reviews, 2014
Agricultural crops that are genetically improved via recombinant DNA and asexual gene transfer techniques have been commercialized since 1996 and widely planted; currently, 'biotech crops' cover c.170 million ha, i.e. 11% of the total managed cropland globally, and represent a world-wide market value of c. US$15 billion, with an estimated tenfold return from the final product. This situation is in strong contrast to the almost complete lack of commercial deployment of genetically engineered (GE) forest trees (with the only exception being GE poplars commercially grown in China). Reasons for this discrepancy are the low-social acceptance of GE tree deployment, because of the perceived uncertainties about long-term risks for the natural forests that such plantations could cause, and the public demand for absolute transgene containment which is difficult to engineer without generating pleiotropic effects. In this review, we present the status quo of agricultural crop biotechnology with a special focus on GE trees. In the near future, the forestry sector will need to meet the increasing demands for timber and improved feedstock with regards to value-added products made out of lignocellulosics. GE in economically important forest trees can accelerate the domestication of these long-lived plant species in terms of high productivity. At the same time, the pressure should decrease on harvesting natural forest stands, which should remain unmanaged conservation forests for biodiversity preservation.
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