Bacteria associated with sardine (Sardina pilchardus) eggs in a natural environment (RÃa de Vigo, Galicia, northwestern Spain) (original) (raw)
Related papers
Asian Fisheries …, 2004
Hatchery produced Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer (Bloch) juveniles (120 days post hatch) maintained in a fish hatchery, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA), were used in the present study. Diseased and moribund fish showed haemorrhages at the bases of dorsal, pectoral and anal fins. The affected fish stopped taking food. Bacteria isolated from the aseptic kidney samples drawn from the moribund fish belonged to the genus Vibrio as evidenced through selective growth on TCBS agar. Colony morphology, growth and the biochemical characteristics suggested that the bacterium was Vibrio anguillarum-like (VAL). This VAL bacterium, injected at varying doses in Liza macrolepis and Oreochromis mossambicus revealed LD 50 end points of 10 4.17 and 10 5.47 CFU, respectively. Exposure of L. calcarifer juveniles to graded levels of virulent bacterium via injection and bath showed that a cell density of 10 4.5 CFU/fish and 10 6.3 CFU per ml, respectively, can kill half of the exposed population. Investigations carried out on the histopathology of the infected fish indicated severe necrotic degenerative changes in the gills with mild to extensive lamellar fusion and hyperplasia of naturally infected seabass juveniles, while that of the experimentally infected fish showed no discernible changes. Natural infection showed wide spread chronic histopathological manifestations while, the experimental infection accounted for acute phase pathogenesis -related manifestations. reported to have accounted for £11 million . Vibrio spp was responsible for a phenomenal 67.8% of the bacterial diseases of gilt-head seabream, collected from south-western Spain during 1990. Vibriosis is a serious problem in farmed seabass (L. calcarifer) in Singapore (Cheong et al. 1983), Thailand (Chinabut and and Australia (Glazebrook and Campbell 1986). First success in India, of induced maturation and breeding of the Asian seabass was achieved by the Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture in 1997. Since then, the species has attracted much attention of the coastal aquaculturists in India. Identification of potential pathogens of farmed seabass is of immense importance. Isolation, identification, characterization, virulence and histopathology of infection of Vibrio spp. isolated from farm produced Asian seabass (L. calcarifer) are discussed in this paper. Tilapia and mullet are among the important brackishwater species as forage and food fish. Hence, susceptibility of these species to varying doses of exposure to VAL bacterium was tested and histopathologies of experimental and natural infection in L. calcarifer are discussed in the present paper.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1991
A total of 264 bacterial strains tentatively or definitely classified as Vibrio anguillarum were examined. The strains were isolated from diseased or healthy Norwegian fish after routine autopsy. With the exception of five isolates from wild saithe (Pollachius virens), the strains originated from nine different species of farmed fish. The bacteria were subjected to morphological, physiological, and biochemical studies, numerical taxonomical analyses, serotyping by slide agglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, DNA-plasmid profiling, and in vitro antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing. The results of the microbiological studies were correlated to anamnestic information. The bacterial strains were identified as V. anguillarum serovar 01 (n = 132), serovar 02 (n = 89), serovar 04 (n = 2), serovar 08 (n = 1), and not typeable (n = 1) as well as Vibrio spkndidus biovar I (n = 36) and biovar II (n = 1), Vibrio tubiashii (n = 1), and Vibrio fischerii (n = 1). V. anguillarum serovar 01 or 02 was isolated in 176 out of 179 cases of clinical vibriosis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). V. anguillarum serovar 01 was the only serovar isolated from salmonid fish species other than Atlantic salmon, while V. anguillarum serovar 02 was isolated from all marine fish suffering from vibriosis. A 48-Mda plasmid was isolated from all V. anguillarum serovar 01 isolates examined. Serovar 02 isolates did not harbor any plasmids. Resistance against commonly used antibiotic compounds was not demonstrated among V. anguillarum isolates. Neither V. splendidus biovar I nor other V. anguillarum-related species appeared to be of clinical importance among salmonid fish. However, such bacteria were isolated from diseased turbot (Scopthalmus maximus) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The precise role of these bacteria as fish pathogens has to be elucidated. Cell and culture morphology, cell motility, hemolysis patterns, and especially alginate-degrading ability were found to be suitable characteristics for the differentiation of V. splendidus biovar I within the arginine decarboxylase-positive group of Vibrio species. Luminescence could not be demonstrated among V. splendidus isolates. Vibriosis due to Vibrio anguillarum is one of the most important bacterial infections in fish throughout the world (1, 19). The disease has great importance, particularly for marine fish farming (4, 15, 55). Infections have been reported also among farmed bivalve mollusks and crustaceans (11, 12). V. anguillarum and closely related bacterial species are commonly found in estuarine and coastal marine habitats and can readily be isolated from different environmental sources (31-34, 52, 65, 67). These bacteria constitute part of the normal microflora of healthy marine fish (34, 41, 45). On the basis of biochemical and serological differences, two distinct biotypes of V. anguillarum were described (6, 8, 19). Biotype 2 was later differentiated as a new species, Vibrio ordalii (54). A total of 10 different 0 serovars (01 to 010) and additional 0 subgroups and K serotypes have been described among V. anguillarum strains (38, 46-50, 58). V. anguillarum 01 and 02 are the most common serovars associated with vibriosis in farmed and feral fish worldwide (57, 58, 63, 64). Environmental strains of V. angutillaruim usually belong to 0 serovars 03 to 010 or are not typeable (34, 58). Other Vibrio species such as V. tubiashii (22), V. splendi
Prevalence of Vibrio species on fish from pelagic and demersal habitats
FISHERY …, 2002
The density and diversity in the vibrio species on the body parts of some commercially important fishes of India were studied with respect to the habitat viz pelagic and demersal. The distribution of vibrios on fish from these habitats showed wide variations both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results indicate that the density of vibrios on the skin and gills may be more in pelagic fish compared to demersal types. However the intestinal count of vibrios is similar in the two categories. The species diversity was more in the demersal fishes particularly in the intestinal samples.The vibrio species were in the order of dominance as V. alginolyticus, V. orientalis, and V. campbelli. Species like V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulni ficus and V. mimicus were among the pathogenic species isolated from the fish samples. The study reveals that vibrios constitute a major portion of the total bacterial flora in tropical fish.
Vibrios Associated with Litopenaeus vannamei Larvae, Postlarvae, Broodstock, and Hatchery Probionts
1999
Several bacteriological surveys were performed from 1994 to 1996 at different Litopenaeus vannamei hatcheries (in Ecuador) and shrimp farms (in Mexico). Samples were taken from routine productions of healthy and diseased L. vannamei larvae, postlarvae, and their culture environment and from healthy and diseased juveniles and broodstock. In Ecuador, the dominant bacterial flora associated with shrimp larvae showing symptoms of zoea 2 syndrome, mysis mold syndrome, and bolitas syndrome has been determined. Strains were characterized by Biolog metabolic fingerprinting and identified by comparison to a database of 850 Vibrio type and reference strains. A selection of strains was further genotypically fine typed by AFLP. Vibrio alginolyticus is predominantly present in all larval stages and is associated with healthy nauplius and zoea stages. AFLP genetic fingerprinting shows high genetic heterogeneity among V. alginolyticus strains, and the results suggest that putative probiotic and pathogenic strains each have specific genotypes. V. alginolyticus was found to be associated with larvae with the zoea 2 syndrome and the mysis mold syndrome, while different Vibrio species (V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi) are associated with the bolitas syndrome. V. harveyi is associated with diseased postlarvae, juveniles, and broodstock. The identities of the strains identified as V. harveyi by the Biolog system could not be unambiguously confirmed by AFLP genomic fingerprinting. Vibrio strain STD3-988 and one unidentified strain (STD3-959) are suspected pathogens of only juvenile and adult stages. V. parahaemolyticus, Photobacterium damselae, and V. mimicus are associated with juvenile and adult stages.
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2005
Shellfish hatcheries are often affected by disease outbreaks. Three such episodes were investigated in different Galician hatcheries in order to establish the relationship between present microbiota and mortalities. Isolates were obtained from various parts of the hatcheries. Experimental tests for pathogenicity were carried out in microscale experiments using selected strains on Ostrea edulis larvae. The pathogenicity of 1 strain from each outbreak was demonstrated and shown to cause high mortalities (ranging from 98.5 to 100%) in 72 to 96 h after inoculation of larval cultures. All 3 strains belong to the genus Vibrio. One of the strains was identified as Vibrio neptunius and is the first description of this species as a molluscan pathogen. The other 2 strains showed low similarity with the Vibrio species analysed and may constitute new species within this genus.
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2009
Aims: Vibrio populations in the seawater supply and the water of seven exhibition aquaria that simulate various Mediterranean and tropical ecosystems were compared. The similarity of Vibrio populations in the intestine of various fish species, feed and water was examined. Resistance to the antibiotics used in fish health management was analysed for the dominant Vibrio isolates. Methods and Results: Samples were collected for 1 year from seven exhibition tanks reproducing different ecosystems. The diversity and population similarity among vibrios were determined using a miniaturized biochemical phenotyping method. Similar Vibrio populations were found in the water supply and in the water of the Mediterranean ecosystems. However, different Vibrio populations were found in the water of tanks with tropical ecosystems. Vibrio populations in the water seemed to have a greater effect on the composition of intestinal Vibrio populations than those in feed. No resistance to antibiotics was observed, indicating their appropriate use for health management. Conclusions: Water characteristics have a greater impact on the composition of Vibrio populations in aquaria and fish intestinal microbiota than bacteria in feed. Significance and Impact of the Study: The microbiological monitoring water could provide valuable information for managing the health of exhibition aquaria.
Vibrio ostreicida sp. nov., a new pathogen of bivalve larvae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2014
The taxonomic position of the bivalve pathogen PP-203T was studied together with those of two similar isolates (PP-200 and PP-204). The bacterial strains were isolated from samples of young oyster spat in a bivalve hatchery in Galicia (NW Spain), which was continually affected by outbreaks of disease and severe mortalities. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the three strains formed a cluster within the genus Vibrio and were most closely related to Vibrio pectenicida DSM 19585T (97.9 % similarity). Additional multilocus sequence analysis, including sequences of the housekeeping genes rpoA, recA, pyrH, gyrB and ftsZ, and DNA–DNA hybridization experiments indicated that the strains were distinct from currently known species of the genus Vibrio and confirmed the clustering of the three isolates. Several phenotypic features, such as growth in TCBS medium and nitrate reduction, proved useful for distinguishing the proposed novel species from its closest relatives. The findings sup...
Vibrio damsela associated with disease fish in Denmark
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
A total of 26 Vibrio damsela strains were isolated in Denmark. Fifteen strains were isolated from the head kidney of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in aquaculture, eight were from organs of two stingrays (Dasyatis pastinaca) held in captivity, two were from organs and pathological material of a nurse shark (Orectolobus ornatus) held in captivity, and one was from the water in the aquarium where the rays and shark were kept. This is the first report on the isolation of V. damsela in Denmark and the first report on this organism associated with diseased farmed rainbow trout. Ecological and epizootiological aspects of the observation are discussed on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties of the isolated strains.
Aquaculture, 1997
The intestinal microflora of larval sea bream (Dicentrurchus lubrux) and sea bass (Sparus uurutu) from two marine hatcheries (Greece and Spain) was studied. Samples for bacteriological analysis were taken during feeding regimes of the larvae with rotifers and Artemia. A total of five production cycles was examined: three involved sea bream and two involved sea bass. When the larvae were fed with rotifers, the incidence of Vibrio anguillurunz, Vibrio tubiushii and non-vibrio groups was high. During feeding with Arterniu, Vibrio ulginolyticus, Vibrio proteolyticus, Vibrio hurcryi and Vibrio nutriegens were mainly isolated. During larval development, no dominant and persistent colonisation of the intestine by any given bacterial species was observed. Fluctuations in the composition of the dominant microflora appeared to reflect the bacterial composition of the ingested live feed. Selection towards the genus Vibrio was not observed until the larvae reached the end of the larval life stage. Two additional samples were taken during massive mortality outbreaks in bream larvae. In both samples, V. unguillurum was dominant as associated with the feeding with rotifers. The results suggest that disease outbreaks can occur when V. unguil/urum dominates in the larval intestine. 0 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
Frontiers in microbiology, 2017
Copepods represent a major source of food for many aquatic species of commercial interest for aquaculture such as mysis shrimp and early stages of fishes. For the purpose of this study, the culturable mesophilic bacterial flora colonizing Acartia tonsa copepod eggs was isolated and identified. A total of 175 isolates were characterized based on their morphological and biochemical traits. The majority of these isolates (70%) were Gram-negative bacteria. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used for rapid identification of bacterial isolates. Here, 58% of isolates were successfully identified at the genus level and among them, 54% were identified at the species level. These isolates belong to 12 different genera and 29 species. Five strains, identified as Bacillus pumilus, named 18 COPS, 35A COPS, 35R COPS, 38 COPS, and 40A COPS, showed strong antagonisms against several potential fish pathogens including Vibrio alginolyticus,...