Inhibitors to the functioning of the UN as a system of collective security (original) (raw)
Related papers
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN PREVENTING CONFLICTS
TOPLUM, EKONOMİ VE YÖNETİM DERGİSİ, 2024
The United Nations (UN), founded after World War II to address global issues, especially security, and to promote international consensus, has struggled to maintain its effectiveness in preventing wars. Over the years, the addition of new member states, shifting global power centers, diminishing resources, andincreasing environmental crises have further challenged its ability to achieve this goal. The view that it can not fully function with it scurrent structure as a result of these factors has begun to gain weight in the World public opinion. In this context, various platforms have voiced the need for reform, calling for the UN to be restructured to enhance its effectiveness and restore its credibility, yet no concrete outcomes have been achieved. In this study, the inadequacy of the UN’s intervention in the October 7, 2023, PalestineIsrael War and its ineffectiveness in ending the conflict will be examined. The study will begin by presenting the current structure of the UN, evaluating its impact, and investigating the reasons for its failure to ensure peace. A model proposal will then be introduced to prevent future conflicts. Finally, a general evaluation of the subject will be made, offering suggestions for addressing power imbalances in the emerging world order, for preventing conflicts, and for making the UN a more effective international organization, ensuring fair representation for all societies globally.
Crisis of the United Nations Security Council
The research presents an empirical analysis of the United Nations Security Council weakness and deficiencies. The study was focused on the UN Security Council performance in the period of an international crisis or of a necessity to functionally solve an international conflict or humanitarian catastrophe. The analysis demonstrates that the UN is perceived as the primary global collective security organization to safeguard security and preserve stability in the world. Meanwhile, the UN Security Council has demonstrated deficiencies during latest important international crises to be solved by joint international effort, which almost approached current international order to a revision. The analysis demonstrated that the UN formation overcame deficiencies and weaknesses of the previous international collective security organizations – the Concert of Europe and the League of Nations. Meanwhile, the principal decision-making mechanism of the UN – Security Council with the veto right of five permanent members – periodically undermines collective security principles. Several important factors amplify this weakness: lack of common identity among the UN Security Council members, domination of the neo-realism paradigm provisions in their foreign policies, and different views on international law provisions: internal sovereignty versus necessity of humanitarian intervention. Therefore, powerful actors of international order should consider these deficiencies and launch a comprehensive reform of the UN decision making process to better react at least in international humanitarian crises. Otherwise, the UN may experience the fate of the League of Nations.
United Nations Security Council and the Maintenance of International Peace and Security
International Journal of Development and Public Policy Volume: 2 Issue: 11, 2022
This study investigated ‗the United Nations Security Council's primary mandate of maintenance of global peace and security and it's role on Human Rights Protection in the Syrian Crisis (2011-2017)'. It was opined that the outbreak of such massive human rights abuses in Syria has led to a change in the way the UN conventionally deals with flagrant human rights violations as well as with humanitarian crises. For the first time, the Council began to use the "threat to international peace and security" clause from Chapter VII of the UN Charter to justify the multilateral use of force in internal armed conflicts for humanitarian reasons. The study adopted the theory of Neo-classical Realism. The study was primarily based on secondary sources of data collection and analysis. It was discovered that the idea of R2P was informed by the compelling need to prevent a repeat of the Rwandan genocide of 1994,and how the UN and the International Community looked the other way while over 800,000 people, including women and children were massacred within 100 days. However, due to the mutual distrust among the Permanent Members and taking into consideration of the Libyan experiences, that was counter-productive, the UNSC could not take a decisive steps through the deployment of military arsenals in curbing the menace of genocide and ethnic cleansings in Syria and build a coalition for the resettlement of refugees, starting with an increase in its own intake. Admitting 65,000 of the most vulnerable Syrian refugees would allow the United States to lead by example and would establish a foundation on which to rebuild global commitments to burden-sharing.
Expanding the UN’s Collective Security System
Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science, 2020
The United Nations’ 60th anniversary has prompted discussion and debate as to how best to improve this weakened organization. These discussions have included the adoption of two new doctrines to the existing collective security system. The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and Duty to Prevent, however, are not necessarily compatible with the ideals of the system as envisioned by the framers of the Charter. In striving to improve the legitimacy of the organization, the R2P and most certainly, the Duty to Prevent may undermine the very organization they seek to strengthen.
Evolving role of the UN in internal conflicts
The United Nations was set up for the primary purpose of maintaining international peace and security; its emergence became necessary as a result of the experiences of the world following the atrocities committed during Second World War. The allied powers came together following the failure of the League of Nations in tackling crimes perpetuated during the Second World War. The United Nations in accordance with one of its principles will not interfere in the affairs of a State. However, the emergence of international human rights law has put to test this article especially when States violate human rights of its citizens; thus, the United Nations has found itself being accused of not been proactive in responding to situations that endanger human rights of citizens; it is in this vein that the United Nations has responded in certain situations in the internal conflicts of some states especially when non-interference results in gross violation of human rights and also threatens peace and security. This paper will therefore chronicle the intervention (s) of the United Nations in stemming internal conflicts. It argues that the role the UN has adopted in managing internal conflicts is in tandem with the purpose of its establishment
JOURNAL OF “HISTORY OF SCIENCE”, 2020
The veto right of the permanent members of UN is one of the worst gaps of the SC and this power made the organization non-democratic. Permanent members use the veto power as a political weapon against each other. Permanent members, based on geopolitical interests, impede the process of resolving conflicts. As a result, double standards arise in the activities of states using the veto right to ensure their interests, and the principle of the sovereign equality of states is violated. Countries with veto power use all legal and illegal means to realize their claims, while the principles arising from the norms of international law are sometimes of secondary importance. The second, permanent and temporary members of the SC are selected according to the Cold War period’s regions. Two permanent members of the SC are the Western European states. They are Great Britain and France. Africa, Latin America and Caribbean region don’t have permanent representatives, although the second one is the second most dense continent. No any Muslim country has permanent membership right in the Security Council. The third, increase of armament, interest of selling weapons to the conflicting countries prevents the SC to fulfill its role on adjustment of conflicts. The permanent members of the Security Council have more weapons and they have interests in selling their weapons to conflicting states. Therefore, it is not helpful for them to resolve conflicts quickly. The fourth, there is inequality between numbers of members of the SC and GA. The UN has 193 members. The Security Council is represented by 15 states. Five permanent members have the veto right. Veto right restricts rights of other states. Decisions are made in the interests of permanent members.
The establishment of the United Nations at the end of the Second World War in 1945 was a welcome development after the failure of the League of Nations to ensure the protection of international peace and security. After the war, the victorious allies founded the UN under the principles of the UN Charter of 1945; under the charter, the United Nations Security Council was given the responsibility of ensuring the UN’s prompt and effective actions in carrying out its duties for the maintenance of international peace and security, which is a primary objective of the United Nations. The Security Council is indeed one of the most important of the 6 organs of the United Nations, as all decisions of the organization must be deliberated upon by members of the Council, and the resolutions or decisions from the Council play an important role in the actions of the United Nations towards ensuring the maintenance of international peace and security. The Iraqi invasion, the Syrian issue and the increase in international terrorism and the failure of the United Nations to provide an effective and sustainable solution that will bring about the end of the crises has caused many to doubt the effectiveness of the Security Council in carrying out its mandate of ensuring the maintenance of international peace and security. This paper thus takes a critical look at the roles of the Security Council, with a view to understanding how its composition and functions affect the way the United Nations acts in response to crisis and matters where international aid is needed. This paper also discusses the effectiveness of the Security Council in carrying out its duties, and the many criticisms of the Council on its composition and its mode of operation.