Effect of Different Heavy Metal Pollution on Fish (original) (raw)

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fish and Risk to Human Health-A Review

Journal of Information and Computational Science, 2020

Mercury (Hg),Cadmium (Cd) & Lead (Pb) are one of the main contaminants present in water. The objective of this paper is to provide information of the bio-accumulation of Hg, Cd & Pb in the fishes, their implications on human health and evidences on studies conducted on various fish genera. Mercury, Cadmium and Lead are the metals that pose the highest risks for human health and causes many complications in the brain, kidneys, bones, lungs and vascular system due to theirtoxicity and carcinogenicity.The metal that showed the highest risk was mercury, being in high concentrations in the largest, predatory fishes.Environmental pollution is considered as a major global problem for both human and animalssince several decades. The major source of pollution are the industrial effluents that arereleased into the water bodies posing serious threat to the aquatic animals like fishes. According to WHO guidelines, if the concentration of the metal is not in permissible limit,these heavy metal accumulate in fishes and may cause serious human health hazard.Fish is sensitive to xenobiotics, therefore can be used as ecological indicators of fresh water pollution and thus this review is useful in biomonitoring studies. Fishes living in polluted water bodies accumulate different concentration of heavy metals and this is depleting the quality of fish which is a major protein rich food item was explained by many recent studies. It is recommended in this article that Biomarkers are necessary for monitoring environmentally induced alterations to assess the impact of heavy metals on fish.

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio(Common carp)

International Journal of Environmental Science …, 2008

The objective of the present study is to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in various organs of the fresh water fish exposed to heavy metal contaminated water system. The experimental fish was exposed to Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb at sublethal concentrations for periods of 32 days. The elements Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr were assayed using Shimadzu AA 6200 atomic absorption spectrophotometery and the results were given as µg/g dry wt. The accumulation of heavy metal gradually increases in liver during the heavy metal exposure period. All the results were statistically significant at p < 0.001. The order of heavy metal accumulation in the gills and liver was Cd > Pb > Ni > Cr and Pb > Cd > Ni > Cr. Similarly, in case of kidney and flesh tissues, the order was Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni and Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni. In all heavy metals, the bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium proportion was significantly increased in the tissues of Cyprinus carpio (Common carp).

Heavy metals contamination in water bodies and its impact on fish health and fish nutritional value: A reviewHeavy metals contamination in water bodies and its impact on fish health and fish nutritional value: A review

International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 2021

This review attempts to provide some sagacity of our recent knowledge of water body's contamination and exposure of heavy metals with aquatic life. Heavy metals are basically known to be naturally occurring compounds that have a relatively high density compared to water. These metallic are considered systemic toxicants that are directly or indirectly linked to induce multiple organ damage and several other severe consequences even at lower levels of exposure. Due to the immense anthropogenic actions these metals bring in large quantities in different environmental compartment and water bodies that cause water quality deterioration ultimately leading to bioaccumulation of hazardous substances. Toxicity depends on various factors viz. dose, route of exposure, chemical species as well as the age, gender, genetics, and nutritional status of exposed organism. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury rank among the high-grade toxicants. It has been reported that the aquatic life is greatly affected with these heavy metals accumulation. Several conducted studies suggest that Fishes dwelling in such contaminated water bodies significantly affect their health and further reduce their nutritive value and flesh quality due to the incorporation of non-essential metals which are not required. Such toxicant potentially hampered the normal physiology and functioning of an organism.

Tissue Specific Heavy Metals Uptake in Economically Important Fish, Cyprinus carpio at Acute Exposure of Metals Mixtures

The main objective of this study was to check the tissue-specific accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Co and Cd) in the form of mixtures in 180-day old Cyprinus carpio (common carp) during the 96-h exposure period. The four waterborne heavy metals mixtures viz., Pb-Cd, Pb-Co, Co-Cd and Pb-Co-Cd were selected for these experiments to assess the acute toxicity (in terms of 96-h LC 50 and lethal concentrations) and bio-accumulation patterns in various tissues of C. carpio. Toxicities of four metals mixtures followed the order: Co-Cd > Pb-Cd > Pb-Co > Pb-Co-Cd; Co-Cd > Pb-Co > Pb-Cd > Pb-Co-Cd for 96-h LC 50 and lethal concentration exposures, respectively. Significant differences were observed for the accumulation of metals in selected fish tissues. Amassing of heavy metals in various tissues of fish followed the order: kidney > liver > gills > skin > muscles. In conclusion, results revealed higher level of all selected metals in kidney and liver of C. carpio while muscles showed least tendency for accumulation. However, the overall load of metals mixtures for their accumulation in fish followed the order: Pb-Co-Cd > Pb-Co > Pb-Cd > Co-Cd. Therefore, it is necessary to control the use of heavy metals because they are posing hazardous impacts to aquatic fauna which ultimately leads to serious human health concern.

BIOACCUMULATION AND TOXIC EFFECTS OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN FRESHWATER FISHES

The contamination of the aquatic systems with heavy metals from natural anthropogenic sources has become a global problem which poses threats to ecosystems and natural communities. Hence this study reviews the effects of heavy metals in freshwater fishes. Fishes bioaccumulate heavy metals (including cadmium, zinc, lead and copper) through various organs such as gills, liver, stomach and intestine. The effects of these heavy metals are highlighted.

Impact of Water Pollution with Heavy Metals on Fish Health: Overview and Updates

Heavy metals (HM) are natural trace components of the aquatic environment, but their levels have been increased due to industrial wastes, geochemical structure, agricultural and mining activities. All these sources of pollution affect the physicochemical characteristics of the water, sediments and biological components, thus negatively affecting the quality and quantity of fish stocks. Environmental pollution is a worldwide problem; heavy metals constitute one of the most important pollutant challenges. The progress of industry has led to increased emission of pollutants into ecosystem. Environmental pollution can cause poisoning, diseases and even death to fish. The absorption and accumulation of different pollutants vary among different biological systems. Therefore, the aims of the present review article are three-way; first to high lighten the impact of the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in different organs of fish and the factors affecting their dissemination. Second, to monitor the biomarkers that is used in the determinations and diagnoses of heavy metal toxicity and pollution. Finally, the role that is played by the histopathological studies on the diagnosis of fish diseases caused the heavy metals.

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Common Carp: Implications for Human Health

Pakistan journal of zoology

Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb were examined in the muscle, intestine, liver, skin and gills of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aim of the study was to quantify the accumulation of these metals in various organs and to determine whether these levels pose a human health concern. Our finding fix the metal bioaccumulation order in the muscle of Cyprinus carpio was Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cd, in the intestine was Zn>Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni>Cd, in the liver was Zn>Cr>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cd, in the skin was Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd and in the gills was Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cd. Overall heavy metals burden was in the order of Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd. Different tissues of the fish accumulated heavy metals in the order of intestine>skin>liver>gills>muscle. Intestine being the prime target organ indicates the route of the metal uptake was the direct result of dietary exposure. Although muscle accumulated the least level of metals but even then Pb, Ni and Cd in muscle exceed the US, RDA limits and pose a health concern for fish consumers.

A Review on Effects of Heavy Metals on Aquatic Animals and Public Health Significance

Veterinary sciences, 2022

In the industrialization era, pollution has deteriorated the quality and diversity of aquatic life. Industries discharge their waste containing heavy metals into the water bodies. These heavy metals accumulate in different organs of the fish, causing mortality. This effect first appears in blood and affects the fish by alteration of blood components making the fish weak, anemic and vulnerable to diseases. Heavy metals pollution is thus targeting the major protein source in the form of fish. The exposures to heavy metals cause increase or decrease in hematological indices, with decline in protein and glycogen reserves. Therefore the impact of heavy metals was carried out on the fish Labeo rohita. Heavy metals affect the reticulo endothelial system and haematopoisis, changing osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. The red and white blood cells at different stages of the pathological process are subjected to quantitative and qualitative deformation.

Heavy metals in fishes

The present paper aims to assess the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in the muscle of commercially important fin fishes namely Tenualosa ilisha, Liza parsia, Liza tade and Pampus argenteus. The fin fish species accumulated metals as per the order Liza tade > Liza parsia > Tenualosa ilisha > Pampus argenteus. The metals accumulated as per the order Zn >