The machine tool model—A core part of the digital factory (original) (raw)
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A Unified Manufacturing Resource Model for representation of CNC machine tools
2011
The capability of any manufacturing system primarily depends on its available machine tools. Thus machine tool representation is a vital part of modelling any manufacturing system. With the rapid advances in Computerised Numerical Controlled (CNC) machines, machine tool representation has become more challenging task than ever before. Today's CNC machine tools are more than just automated manufacturing machines; as they can be considered multipurpose , multi-tasking and hybrid machining centres. This paper presents a versatile methodology for representing such state of the art CNC machining system resources. A machine tool model is a conceptual representation of the real machine tool, and provides a logical framework for representing its functionality in the manufacturing system. There are several commercial modelling tools available in the market for modelling machine tools. However, there is no common methodology among them to represent the wide diversity of machine tool configurations. These modelling tools are either machine vendor specific or limited in their scope to represent machine tool capability. In addition, the current information models of STEP-NC namely ISO 14649 can only describe machining operations, technologies, cutting tools and product geometries. However, they do not support the representation of machine tools. The proposed Unified Manufacturing Resource Model (UMRM) has a data model which can fill this gap by providing machine specific data in the form of an EXPRESS schema and act as a complementary part to the STEP-NC standard to represent various machine tools in a standardised form. UMRM is flexible enough to represent any type of CNC machining centre. This machine tool representation can be utilised to represent machine tool functionality and consequential process capabilities for allocating resources for process planning and machining.
A model-driven ontology approach for manufacturing system interoperability and knowledge sharing
2013
The requirements for the interoperability of semantics and knowledge have become increasingly important in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), in the drive towards knowledgedriven decision support in the manufacturing industry. This article presents a novel concept, based on the Model Driven Architecture (MDA). The concept has been implemented under the Interoperable Manufacturing Knowledge Systems (IMKS) project in order to understand the extent to which manufacturing system interoperability can be supported using radically new methods of knowledge sharing. The concept exploits the capabilities of semantically well-defined core concepts formalised in a Common Logic-based ontology language. The core semantics can be specialised to configure multiple application-specific knowledge bases, as well as product and manufacturing information platforms. Furthermore, the utilisation of the expressive ontology language and the generic nature of core concepts help support the specification of system mechanisms to enable the verification of knowledge across multiple platforms. An experimental demonstration, using a test case based on the design and manufacture of an aerospace part, has been realised. This has led to the identification of several benefits of the approach, its current limitations as well as areas to be considered for further work.
Overview on Equipment Development Ontology
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
Within the development of products under PLM applications, ontology holds an important role. Ontology with its instances constitutes a knowledge base. In the development applications of the product, the ontology-based approaches for machine and equipment manufacturing are very few, predominant being the approaches in the field of IT. The experience of a designer in machine manufacturing can be structured in an ontology and its instances, becoming a knowledge base, which can be reused by another designer, who has never designed such a product. On the other hand, the design duration is part of the manufacturing cycle of the product. We propose that through ontology we should be able to specify the sub-assemblies in such a way that the duration of acquisition (contracting-manufacturing-delivery) overlaps the cycle of designing and manufacturing of the product which uses them. We are trying to demonstrate that that the manufacturing cycle can be shortened and that a family of products can be developed based on this, by developing an ontological application, which combines ontologies in the field of engineering, all these by using Protégé.
Requirements and languages for the semantic representation of manufacturing systems
Computers in Industry, 2016
In the last years, attention has been devoted to the development of ontologies, which are ICT conceptual models allowing a formal and shared representation of a particular domain of discourse, and to the use of these representations in a variety of contexts, among which also the industrial engineering can be counted. Within the industrial engineering field, the manufacturing domain has not yet seen a wide application of ontologies. This paper firstly shows the use of ontologies for the semantic annotation of a Web Service-based architecture for the control of manufacturing systems; and then contributes to the research field of manufacturing domain ontologies by proposing a thorough literature review and analysis of the available languages supporting such objective. The paper collects the main requirements that semantic languages must meet to be used in the manufacturing domain with the outlined purpose. In fact, the available semantic languages are several and characterized by different features: the paper identifies the most proper ones for the manufacturing domain representation thanks to their analysis against the main requirements. Lastly, the paper shows how the discussed topics are declined in a real industrial example.
Towards a formal manufacturing reference ontology
International Journal of Production Research, 2013
Due to the advancement in the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), manufacturing industry and its many domains employ a wide range of different ICT tools. To be competitive, industries need to communicate effectively within and across their many system domains. This communication is hindered by the diversity in the semantics of concepts and information structures of these different domain systems. Whilst international standards provide an effective route to information sharing within narrowly specified domains, they are themselves not interoperable across the wide range of application domains needed to support manufacturing industry due to the inconsistency of concept semantics. Formal ontologies have shown promise in removing interpretation problems by computationally capturing the semantics of concepts, ensuring their consistency and thus providing a verifiable and shared understanding across multiple domains. The research work reported in this paper contributes to the development of formal reference ontology for manufacturing, which is envisaged as a key component in future interoperable manufacturing systems. A set of core manufacturing concepts are identified and their semantics have been captured in formal logic based on exploiting and extending existing standards' definitions, where possible combined with an industrial investigation of the concepts required. A successful experimental investigation has been conducted to verify the application of the ontology based on the interaction between concepts in the design and manufacturing domains of an aerospace component.
This paper presents the developed domain ontology of the equipment in manufacturing systems in order to be used in the field of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS). The ontology meets the requirements of the meta-class "Equipment", which is part of the developed meta ontology based on the standard for integrated systems for the production and management IEC / ISO 62264. The article explains various properties and class restrictions of the developed ontology. Web Ontology Language (OWL 2) and Protégé 4.3 as an editor and knowledge acquisition tool are used. Special attention is given to the use of ontology reasoning to infer additional information from the facts stated explicitly in ontology-an important feature, used to perform classification, sorting and assembly operations and consistency checking.
ExtruOnt: An ontology for describing a type of manufacturing machine for Industry 4.0 systems
Semantic Web
Semantically rich descriptions of manufacturing machines, offered in a machine-interpretable code, can provide interesting benefits in Industry 4.0 scenarios. However, the lack of that type of descriptions is evident. In this paper we present the development effort made to build an ontology, called ExtruOnt, for describing a type of manufacturing machine, more precisely, a type that performs an extrusion process (extruder). Although the scope of the ontology is restricted to a concrete domain, it could be used as a model for the development of other ontologies for describing manufacturing machines in Industry 4.0 scenarios. The terms of the ExtruOnt ontology provide different types of information related with an extruder, which are reflected in distinct modules that constitute the ontology. Thus, it contains classes and properties for expressing descriptions about components of an extruder, spatial connections, features, and 3D representations of those components, and finally the se...
Interoperable manufacturing knowledge systems
International Journal of Production Research, 2017
For many years now, the importance of semantic technologies, that provide a formal, logic based route to sharing meaning, has been recognized as offering the potential to support interoperability across multiple related applications and hence drive manufacturing competitiveness in the digital manufacturing age. However, progress in support of manufacturing enterprise interoperability has tended to be limited to fairly narrow domains of applicability. This paper presents a progression of research and understanding, culminating in the work undertaken in the recent EU FLEXINET project, to develop a comprehensive manufacturing reference ontology that can (a) support the clarification of understanding across domains, (b) support the ability to flexibly share information across interacting software systems and (c) provide the ability to readily configure company knowledge bases to support interoperable manufacturing systems.
Design of Fundamental Ontology for Manufacturing Product Lifecycle Applications
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2013
In today's world of fast manufacturing, high quality demands and highly competitive markets, it has become vital for companies to be able to extract knowledge from their operating data, to manage and to reuse this knowledge in efficient and automated manner. Ontology has proven to be one of the most successful methods in fulfilling this demand and to this day, it has been applied in number of scenarios within companies of all scales. The most appealing features of the ontology are well-defined structure of the knowledge organization; being machine understandable enables automatic reasoning and inference and finally, well defined semantics enables easy interoperability and design of the plug-in modules. Still, one key downfall of ontology is that it usually has to be manually designed from the beginning for each new use-case. This requires highly specialized knowledge experts working closely with the domain experts for, sometimes, significant period of time. In this paper we propose LinkedDesign solution for described issues, as an example of design of fundamental ontology which can be easily adjusted and adopted for different production systems, thus eliminating the need for repetition of entire design process for every individual company. We also discuss and point to a new and challenging fields of research emerging from application of ontology into manufacturing companies, mainly concerning rapidly growing amounts of knowledge which are beginning to exceed human ability to process it.
A Methodology for Developing Manufacturing Process Ontologies
The representation of knowledge of manufacturing processes plays a key role in the reuse and sharing of knowledge in areas such as product design and process planning. One common approach for knowledge representation is ontologies. Ontologies are formal models that use mathematical logic to disambiguate and define classes of things. The reasons behind this are twofold. First, ontologies have the ability to be integrated with automated reasoning applications. Second, ontologies are also useful for enabling knowledge sharing between different knowledge-based applications. However, in the absence of systematic methods for their design, most ontologies are developed in an ad-hoc manner. This paper presents a methodology for developing manufacturing process ontologies, which combines formal concept analysis with a set of criteria for characterizing classes of processes. The application of the proposed methodology is ill ustrated with a case study on the development of an ontology for machining processes.