GIS-based earthquake damage assessment considering seismic capacity of existing buildings in Metro Manila, Philippines (original) (raw)
Related papers
GIS-based Building Damage Assessment due to A Scenario Earthquake in Metro Manila, Philippines
eqtap.edm.bosai.go.jp
This paper presents the procedure for GIS-based building damage assessment which is applicable to mega cities in the Asia-Pacific region. The procedure consists of ground motion estimation using the hybrid simulation technique, building response estimation using the capacity spectrum method, and damage distribution estimation using the GIS building inventory data. The procedure is applied to Metro Manila, Philippines. The results should be useful for the stakeholders such as administrators and structural engineers, in order to plan disaster mitigation strategies.
Development of seismic vulnerability curves of key building types in the Philippines
2019
In this paper, vulnerability curves of key building types in the Philippines are developed and presented. Vulnerability curves, expressed as damage ratio versus Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale, for each building type are derived using computational, empirical, and/or heuristic methods. In the computational method, nonlinear static pushover of each building model was carried out and the capacity spectrum method was used to compute the fragility curves and then the vulnerability curves are derived from assumed damage ratios. Empirical vulnerability curves are derived using available data on damage to buildings compiled from field surveys and reports after past earthquakes. Heuristic vulnerability curves are derived by processing opinion of structural engineers in the Philippines on the possible damage to buildings when subjected to different earthquake intensities. For most building types made from reinforced concrete and steel, computational curves are recommended while for building types made of wood, masonry, and/or light materials, empirical or heuristic curves are recommended. The set of vulnerability curves proposed represents a coherent set of damage functions across structural types, construction material, number of floors, and age of construction.
GIS Application for the Assessment of Seismic Damage to Buildings
… and Prevention Measures in the Context of …, 2009
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have found to be very useful in seismic hazard and risk assessment studies. GIS can be used to integrate vast amounts of data geographically, take the spatial distribution of phenomena into consideration and communicate the results graphically performing analysis of complex mathematical models. The central part of Chisinau (6.3km 2 site), capital of the Republic of Moldova, has been the case study of project aimed on the assessment of vulnerability of buildings to seismic impact. This city is exposed to Vrancea earthquakes experiencing PGA300cm/s 2 for recurrence interval T=475yr . Collection, classification and digitization into ArcView GIS format of the main characteristics of the subsoil such as mean shear wave velocity, natural period of vibration and amplification factor, compilation of database for the existing structures as well as construction of Digital Terrain Model (DTM) were performed. The final product is the GIS database and software module for purposes of evaluation of seismic damage to buildings. The incorporation of the amplification capacity of the soil through the direct utilization of the transfer function constructed on the base of geotechnical data allows fast assessment of scenario seismic events and mapping of parameters of the ground motion (PGA, EPA, etc.). Existence of moderate-magnitude and blast records for the studied site as well as databases of buildings' damages allow validation of the accepted techniques and methodologies for ground motion and damage simulations.
2018
1Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 2School of Environmental Science and Management, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines 3Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 4Department of Civil Engineering, University of Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines 5Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 6College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines 7LESTARI, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, Malaysia 8Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India
Development of Heuristic Seismic Vulnerability Curves of Key Building Types in the Philippines
For the past decade, several efforts were made by different government and private institutions to develop vulnerability curves of key building types in the Philippines using empirical, heuristic, and/or computational methods. This paper presents the recent development of seismic vulnerability curves of buildings based on experts’ opinion. A building typological system in terms of structural type and materials used in construction was proposed and a paper survey was conducted where experts input for different levels of earthquake intensity the damage ratio of each building type. Analyses revealed that there is a very low correlation between number of years of experience and the confidence level of the respondents. Results also show that the heuristic vulnerability curves of low- and mid-rise buildings are similar for both concrete and steel types. Moreover, seismic vulnerability of buildings, according to specialists, is dictated by the material used in construction rather than the number of floors of a building.
2019
Civil engineers play a vital role in the design and construction of structures, ensuring that these would follow the provisions stated in the design codes of the country. Since the Philippines belongs to the Pacific Ring of Fire, it is prone to deadly earthquakes [10][15] such as the incoming magnitude 7.2 from the West Valley Fault Line [21] known as "The Big One". With this, engineers are tasked to periodically revise the structural code in order for the structures to at least withstand the seismic forces. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to create an outcome matrix interpreting the outcomes from the Non-Destructive Tests (NDTs) that will determine the structural integrity of houses built near the Valley Fault System (VFS) [21]. The data for this study were obtained through conducting NDTs such as Rebound Hammer (RH) and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) [17] tests to a calculated sample size of 30 houses near VFS categorized through number of floors from barangays that were randomly selected. The obtained data were then analyzed through capacity over demand (c/d) ratio, in which the capacity value of a load-bearing member (column) is the in-situ compressive strength of concrete calculated through Sonic-Rebound method (SonReb) and the demand value is the minimum compressive strength of concrete [3][7] required depending on the time the structure was built. Several factors affecting the structural integrity of structures were obtained and these are earthquake magnitude, number of seismic frequencies, and age of the structure. These factors were then analyzed through Multivariate Regression and Pearson Correlation, with earthquake magnitude considered by the statistical analyses as the most vital factor in affecting the compressive strength of concrete. Earthquake safety performance for each structure was also determined based on the Earthquake Vulnerability Map and Spectral Acceleration (SA) Maps [20] provided to determine whether the structure in a particular location is safe or unsafe to incoming magnitude 7.2 earthquake. The results of this study showed that the structural integrity of particularly all of the houses tested "failed" based on the c/d ratio and houses located at Barangka and Calumpang are deemed unsafe since their SA(0.2s) values exceeded the required design response [20] of 2.5Ca. By using the Tolerance Disturbance Factor [5] (0.85fc'), majority of the houses received a structural recommendation of "demolition/reconstruction" since in-situ compressive strength values fall below the 0.85fc'. A generalized outcome matrix was then created for this study and it is composed of the earthquake safety performance and structural recommendation for a residential structure in terms of its distance from the VFS and as well as the number of years it has been existing since it was built.
Modeling and Analyzing Earthquake Induced Building Damages in a Gis
2000
After a catastrophe like an earthquake a quick assessment of the damages has to be carried out in order to initiate repair actions. Especially building damages have to be recorded, in order to be able to give housing to the unsheltered as quickly as possible. To this end, the degree of damage of a building has to be captured, and
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Existing Buildings in India Using Gis Techniques
2017
Estimation of seismic hazard, structural vulnerability and exposure of building stock are the main components in the seismic risk assessment of an area. India has experienced nine damaging earthquakes in the past two decades, with significant risk to lives, properties and economic activities. The high seismic vulnerability of its housing stock was evident in the Bhuj earthquake in 2001. Methodologies that are capable of predicting accurate and reliable assessment of seismic vulnerability of the existing building stock in future earthquakes are fundamental in the preparation of risk assessment and retrofitting strategies. This paper presents a review of the existing techniques and methodologies that have been developed/ proposed for the assessment of seismic vulnerability of existing reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings. The key factors of the methodologies, including evaluation of seismic scenarios and ground motion intensity measures; sampling of buildings; characterisation of...
Methodologies for Vulnerability Assessment of Built-Environment Subjected to Earthquakes
2011
This paper reviews various methodologies available for seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings. The steps involved in the form of building classification, damage state description and selection of vulnerability function are discussed. Due to the non-availability of enough post disaster damage data, performance based methodology with capacity parameters of HAZUS with demand spectrum of IS 1893:2002(Part 1) has been identified as a suitable methodology for vulnerability assessment. While HAZUS gives broad guidelines for vulnerability assessment of buildings, there is a need to develop a methodology for estimation of capacity parameters for buildings designed based on Indian seismic codes of practices. Keeping this in view, a simplified procedure for generation of capacity spectrum and spectral displacements for different damage states in terms of design seismic coefficient parameters of Indian seismic code IS 1893:2002(Part 1) is proposed.
Earthquake Spectra, 2006
The GIS building inventory data in Metro Manila, Philippines is updated by using the satellite remote sensing data in order for the reliable earthquake damage assessment. The distribution of mid-rise and high-rise buildings is captured by the application of the building detection method using the high-resolution satellite images. The distribution of low-rise buildings is estimated from the land cover classification based on the time-series middle-resolution satellite images. The building damage due to a scenario earthquake is assessed by means of simplified procedure considering the seismic capacity of the buildings. The result shows that the damage of low-rise buildings is concentrated at lowland areas while the damage of high-rise buildings are slight to moderate at most of the areas.