A novel wireless sensor network test bed sensor node (original) (raw)
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Design and implementation of a low cost experimental testbed for wireless sensor networks
Nigerian Journal of Technology
As wireless sensor networks (WSNs) become essential part of modern day infrastructure, researchers have presented loads of algorithms and models aimed at optimizing several aspects of the technology. These models are often developed and analyzed in simulated environments. The obvious need to experiment and confirm the actual performance of these algorithms and models on the field or in a more realistic environment is hampered in many cases by the high cost of advanced sensor node available in the market. This study therefore presents an inexpensive WSN test bed designed and constructed from an ESP8266EX Wi-Fi module. An experiment was conducted and results revealed that ESP8266EX based sensor nodes have a wider network coverage compared to the Arduino sensors based test bed. The proposed test bed was used to compare the performances in terms of power management of two WSN routing algorithms; normal Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Cluster Head Assisted Routing (CHAR). Results show that the rate at which batteries depleted in LEACH and CHAR are 50% and 10% respectively; and this indicates that batteries depleted faster in LEACH than CHAR; therefore it can be stated that there is an improvement in energy conservation in CHAR over LEACH. It was also observed that CHAR produced a more even and gradual battery depletion rate leading to a longer network life of 20 rounds more than normal LEACH.
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international …, 2011
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have become increasingly important in recent times. Sensor nodes are the building blocks for a typical WSN. Due to their limited computational, communication and energy abilities, the sensor nodes serve as the deciding factor for a given network design. As the fabrication technology improves, highly powerful, yet energy efficient, components are available to realize a WSN while keeping the cost at an affordable level. This paper introduces a novel wireless sensor node based on the powerful 8-bit Atmel ATMega128L microcontroller unit (MCU) equipped with the CC2420 transceiver having complete compatibility with the IEEE802.15.4. This paper enlightens the design details of the new node; providing complete details of the components used and the sensor unit design. Towards the end, the power consumption measurement results are given along with the experimental setup details.
POWER MEASUREMENTS OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS NODE
Wireless sensor networks consist of small, autonomous devices with wireless networking capabilities. In order to further increase the applicability in real world applications, minimizing power consumption is one of the most critical issues. Therefore, accurate power model is required for the evaluation of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, the power consumption for wireless sensor networks node is analyzed. To estimate the lifetime of sensor node, the power characteristics of proposed sensor node are measured. Based on the proposed model, the estimated lifetime of a battery powered sensor node can use about 6.925 months for 10 times humidity detection per hour.
Experimental Analysis of Wireless Sensor Nodes Current Consumption
2008 Second International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (sensorcomm 2008), 2008
Wireless Sensor Node (WSN) lifetime is correlated with the battery current usage profile. State of the art in wireless sensor nodes current consumption shows that available models have not been extensively tested and experimentally validated. This work aims to seek answers to the following questions: is it accurate the node lifetime prediction obtained with available models? Moreover, is the radio transceiver always responsible for depleting the battery? In order to perform experimental evaluations, we implemented a prototype board that enables to visualize charge extracted from batteries and battery current consumption waveforms of wireless sensor nodes. We selected benchmarks that represent usual tasks in WSN applications and we made experimental evaluations of battery current consumption. Finally, a battery fulldepletion time measurement has been performed. Overall results are presented and discussed.
Survey on wireless sensor network devices
2003
Wireless sensor networks are networks of compact microsensors with wireless communication capability. These small devices are relatively cheap with the potential to be disseminated in large quantities. Emerging applications of data gathering range from the environmental to the military. As autonomous devices they can provide pervasive distributed and collaborative network of computer nodes. Architectural challenges are posed for designers such as computational power, energy consumption, energy sources, communication channels and sensing capabilities. Embedded Systems provide the computational platform for hardware and software components to interact with the environment and other nodes. This survey presents the current state-ofthe-art for wireless sensor nodes, investigating and analyzing these challenges. We discuss the characteristics and requirements for a sensor node mainly processing, communications, power and sensing components. In this survey we present a comprehensive comparative study of sensor nodes platforms, energy management techniques, offthe-shelf microcontrollers, battery types and radio devices.
Low Power Sensor Node for a Wireless Sensor Network
20th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 6th International Conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID'07), 2007
Wireless sensor networks are finding widespread use in diverse applications. The sensor nodes, which are also called as motes, are getting smaller, but their battery charge density is not getting increased in the same ratio. Since the life of a sensor network depends on the life of the sensor nodes, the lifetime of the sensor nodes have to be maximized. This can happen if the battery lasts long. In this paper, we introduce a power-aware sensor node architecture and a batteryaware task scheduling algorithm that uses both Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) and Reverse Body Biasing (RBB) to maximize the battery life time. Significant reduction in energy requirement is possible based on the proposed approach.
A review on wireless sensor node architectures
2014 9th International Symposium on Reconfigurable and Communication-Centric Systems-on-Chip (ReCoSoC), 2014
During the last few years, WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) has emerged and deployed in a wide range of applications attracting many research and industrial communities. Low power is one such crucial constraint where these systems are supplied with small battery. Several technologies and architectures have been proposed for design ultra-low power motes. In this paper, we present a survey on wireless sensor node architectures proposed to optimize the performances in particular real-time, low power, cost and time to market. Despite their variety, these architectures are consisted basically of processing unit, acquisition unit, transmission unit and power supply unit. The difference resides on components and technologies that constitute these units. Each technology is discussed in relation to its advantages and limitations.
A energy efficient WSN system for limited power source environments
2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), 2013
In this work, a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is analyzed and implemented to control a instrumented process in environments with limited power source. Present propose is based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard, using Zigbee and Modbus protocols. A simplified and robust system architecture is presented, emphasizing the control subsystem of charge and discharge, using solar panels, as well as software optimized for task of network controlling and sensing, both characteristics which that a reduced consumption of energy. These characteristics were proved by energetic efficiency tests and a system study that will be automated to define a rate optimal operation.
Power and Energy Aware Design of an Autonomous Wireless Sensor Node
The design of Wireless Sensor Networks is a challenge, requiring to correctly balancing between performance, time, cost and energy. But the main problem with rechargeable WSNs is to predict at design time which will be the total system autonomy. Moreover, it depends on the energy h arvested from the environment, and we know that weather may be very unsettled. Thus, it is crucial to design and fine scale the entire power supply chain in order to produce a robust WSN. In this article, we propose an energy estimator able to handle environment like weather parameters to estimate the system autonomy. The key innovation comes from the capability to dynamically rebuild the models all along the project evolution with real measurements on the hardware and to include weather forecasts as dynamic parameters of the DPM policy. Finally, we have experiment various configurations and compared the hardware WSN against the simulator. The results have validated the relevance of the estimator for prospecting various energy problems. By experiment, the estimator has shown that most environmental energy was wasted due to the battery charging constraints. This will foresee the opportunities of energy gains, and the definition of newer extra power modes for the Dynamic Power Management. This work contributes to the domain for WSN design methodology, energy scavenging and energy management to optimize system autonomy. Low Power Design [11] advancement has recently moved onto a higher level with algorithmic dedicated implementation, and operating system advancement with power down modes, Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), and power-aware scheduling. Thus, power reduction can be applied all along the co-design [12] by respecting a low power design methodology . The emerging wireless sensor network domain exists for a few years; however an increasing number of WSNs have been referenced . Technology integration improves and nodes tend to achieve lower size like Smartdusts, Picocube , and Hitachi RFID Tag. In this part, we focus on embedded system design methodology and more precisely method that can be applied to WSNs.
An Introduction to the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)
2012
This article provides an overview of wireless sensor networks, their architecture, application areas, and some open research issues. This article is submitted to the G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering and Management as a part of partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of Master of Engineering in Electronics and Telecommunication (VLSI and Embedded Systems Design) of the University of Pune in the academic year 2011-2012. Wireless sensors and wireless sensor networks have recently come to the forefront of the scientific community. This results from the increasingly smaller-sized devices being engineering, enabling many applications. The use of these sensors and the possibility of organizing them into networks have revealed many research issues and have highlighted new ways to cope with specific problems. A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized into a cooperative network. Each node consists of processing capability that may contain multiple types of memory (program, data and flash memories), have an RF transceiver (usually with a single omnidirectional antenna), have a power source (e.g., batteries and solar cells), and accommodate various sensors.