In-vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol-extract of Galla chinensis against Staphycoccus aureus (original) (raw)
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Antimicrobial resistance among bacteria has been a serious concern among the medical fraternity. This study was conducted to enumerate the bacterial pathogens responsible for skin and wound infections and to describe its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. 112 bacterial isolates were obtained from 147 pus samples over a period of one year from November 2012 to October 2013. The most common organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Gram positive cocci were highly sensitive to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Linezolid and Chloramphenicol and the Gram negative bacilli showed high degree of sensitivity to Imipenem, Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Aminoglycosides. The least sensitivity was exhibited for Penicillin, Ampicillin, Tetracyclin, Cotrimoxazole and Cephalosporins.
A guide to antibiotic resistance in bacterial skin infections
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2005
The emergence of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics is not new. In this review we have tried to cover the ever increasing problems facing the treatment and containment of bacterial skin infections. We have tried to give an overview of the varied mechanisms by which bacteria gain and spread antimicrobial resistance, whilst dealing with the patterns of resistance exhibited by some of the commonly encountered organisms. Where there is evidence, we have formulated an approach on how to tackle antibiotic resistance. Where there is a lack of evidence we have formulated what we perceive to be appropriate guidelines.
Clinical Medicine Research, 2018
Wound infection still remains a significant cause of morbidly and mortality. Hence, studying the spectrum of bacterial etiological agents and their drug susceptibility profile is critical. A prospective study was conducted at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory from June 2016 to July 2017. Wound specimens were collected from 366 patients following standard procedures. Specimens were plated and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Identification and drug susceptibility testing of cultures were carried out by using the VITEK 2 compact system. Among 366 wound samples cultured, bacteria grew in 271(74%) samples. The highest (81.9%) wound infections were documented among patients with an age group of 15-64 years. Two hundred twenty one bacterial isolates were recovered of which 43.2% were Gram-negative while, 56.8% were Grampositive. Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci were major Gram-positive bacteria while Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. were the commonest Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria had the highest overall drug resistance rate against ampicillin. Tobramycin and piperacillin/tazobactam combination were effective antimicrobial agents against Gram-negative bacteria. The highest overall resistance rate to Gram-positive bacteria was observed against erythromycin. Vancomycin and linezolid were the most active antimicrobial agents against Gram-positive bacteria. High culture positivity rate of wound infections reported in the present study initiates many similar studies to be conducted on wound in the country. High level of drug resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs dictates a search for better choices.
2021
Aim: The prevalence, sensitivity profile and resistance of Gram-positive bacteria in wounds to commercial antibiotics were ascertained in this study. Place and duration of study: University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure, Nigeria, between January and June 2019. Methodology: Wound swabs sample collection, isolation of bacteria, identification of Grampositive bacteria isolates and antibiotics sensitivity testing of isolated bacteria were determined employing standard protocols. Result: Three Gram-positive bacteria were isolated and presumptively identified to be S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pyogenes. S. aureus had the highest prevalence of 53% followed by S. epidermidis with 42% and S. pyogenes accounting for the least occurrence of 5%. Ninety percent Original Research Article Alabi et al.; IJPR, 7(2): 9-17, 2021; Article no.IJPR.69880 10 (90%) of ten S. aureus strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin while only 10% had intermediate activity. The least resistance of S...
2020
At present, skin problems need to be addressed seriously. Antibiotic resistance development is very fast in skin infectious bacteria. For the prevention of all types of skin infections, natural plant extracts can provide suitable defense lines because they contain active compounds. Wrinkles, sunburn, itching, blackheads, whiteheads, and uneven tone of the skin are some of the issues related to skin. Extensive use of antibiotics for skin diseases is restricted due to the development of worse antibiotic resistance. In this study, the antibacterial potential of plant extracts was assessed against skin infectious bacteria to get an alternative cure for skin diseases. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were isolated from clinical samples and E.coli was used as a non-pathogenic control strain from the Jinnah University for Women strain repository. Their antibacterial activity was performed against eight plant extracts through a well diffusion method. Among eight ...
Antibiotics resistance profiles of gram positive bacteria isolated from wound infections in four General Hospitals (Bida, Kontagora, Minna and Suleja) in Niger State was carried out. Organisms isolated from surgical wounds were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Five hundred (500) samples (i.e. Two hundred (200) samples in Minna, One hundred samples each from Suleja, Kontagora and Bida) of wound exudates from surgical wounds sites were analysed for their resistance pattern. From the five hundred (500) samples collected from all the locations, one hundred and twenty one samples had Strept. pyogenes, one hundred and ninety seven (197) samples had S. aureus. S. aureus was more frequently isolated (62%) than Strept. pyogenes (38%) from wounds in all the locations. Both bacteria were tested for sensitivity to Tarivid, Pefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Augmentin, Gentamycin, Streptomycin, Ceporex, Nalidixic acid, Septrin, Ampicillin, ampiclox 30µg, zinacef 20µg, Amoxacillin, rocephin and erythromycin. Of the five hundred (500) wound samples from various locations 318 (64%) yielded growths while 182 samples (36%) yielded no growths. Most of all the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and Tarivid while others were resistant to remaining antibiotics. S. aureus showed a higher resistance profile to most antibiotics used than Strept. pyogenes.
Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of
Staphylococcus aureus is a major problem of public health which causes a number of human and animal diseases. In order to isolate and identify S. aureus from milk of dairy cows and nasal swabs of farm workers of different farm settings, a cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 260 lactating dairy cows milk and 68 nasal swabs of farm workers in selected dairy farms around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The collected nasal swabs and milk (California Mastitis Test Screened) were cultured on sheep blood agar. Presumptive Staphylococci colonies were sub-cultured on mannitol salt agar and confirmed by BiOLOG Identification system. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. aureus isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using twelve antimicrobials. The prevalence of S. aureus was found to be 51 (15.5%) out of the total samples examined. In addition, the prevalence of S. aureus was 42 (16.2%) from milk of 260 lactating dairy cows and 9 (13.2%) from nasal swabs of 68 farm workers. The prevalence of S. aureus ranges from 8 (8.9%) to 13 (36.1%) in selected dairy farms where poorly managed farms showed high prevalence. S. aureus was more likely to occur in cows that were poorly managed and treated frequently with antimicrobials. Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed the resistance of S. aureus to the tested antimicrobials. Thus, out of a total of 51 isolates, high resistance rate was observed primarily to penicillin G 47 (92.2%) followed by tetracycline 34 (66.7%), amoxicillin-clavulinic acid 19 (37.3%), oxacillin 17 (33.3%), cephalothin 14 (27.5%) and low level of resistance to chloroamphenicol 12 (23.5%), erythromycin 12 (23.5%), sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim 11 (21.6%), gentamicin 10 (19.6%), clindamycin 9 (17.6%), vancomycin 2 (3.9%) and rifampicin 1 (2%). There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between type of samples in determining resistance pattern to each antimicrobial except for pencillin G and tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was also observed in 23 (45.1%) of the total isolates and most of them were from milk samples, 20 (47.6%) with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between dairy farm workers and dairy cows. S. aureus became almost resistant to β-lactams and tetracycline. Hence, antimicrobial susceptibility should be conducted before treating dairy cows. Consequently, reduction in transfer of resistant S. aureus strains between humans and animals could possibly be made.
Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology, 2020
Objective To identify various isolates causing complicated skin and skin structure infections with their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods A total of 436 samples of pus/ discharge from skin lesions were collected and cultured. Bacterial colonies were identified by using gram stain and biochemical test. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique was followed for testing antibiotics susceptibility patterns. Results The most commonly affected age group observed in the present study was 15-44 years (44.03%). The predominant Gram-positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative was Escherichia coli . 20 (19.60%) of S. aureus and 22 (40.74%) of Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) were methicillin resistant. Vancomycin was found as most efficient drug followed by Fusidic acid, linezolid, Amikacin chloramphenicol and gentamicin in case of gram positive isolates. Tigecycline was found as most efficient drug as all isolates were found susceptible to it. Incase of gram ne...
Wound infections due to the incursion of microbes need to be averted or to heal the wounds by antibiotics. Antibiotics are not only aid in cure of infections but also help to prevent the flourishing and production of one or more species of microorganism, resultant in purulent discharge. This current study was carried out to evaluate the resistance pattern of clinical isolates from surgical site infections by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. A total of 257 clinical isolates were collected from different hospitals in Karachi and evaluated by using fifteen antibiotics belonging to different groups. Staphylococcus aureus (n=87), Escherichia coli (n=76), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=56), Proteus (n=21) and Klebsiella (n=17) species are the most common clinical isolates of surgical site infections. Among the semi-synthetic penicillins, ampicillin was found to be resistant to nearly all clinical isolates but amoxicillin was moderately sensitive to S. aureus. Combinations of semi-synthetic penicillins are more sensitive than the penicillin alone. Co-amoxiclave exhibits superior sensitivity to all the surgical infection isolates except Pseudomonas aeruginosa which showed 68.75% resistance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly resistant to cephalosporin except ceftraixone which showed 21.88% resistance. S. aureus was slightly responsive to cefazolin, cephradine, cefaclor, ceftizoxime, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone. E. coli, Gram-negative clinical isolate was showed 25% and 31.25% resistance to ceftriaxone and cefuroxime. In the Klebsiella species, 71.42% and 64.29% resistance to cefazolin and cefuroxime respectively, was observed. Aminoglycosides such as gentamycin and tobramycin were found to be more susceptible to all the clinical isolates. Quinolones like ofloxacin and enoxacin were showed good sensitivity to nearly all the clinical isolates. On the basis of the present study, it is recommended to adopt a rational use of antibiotics in prophylaxis and the utilization of a coordinated scheme of surgical wound inspections.
ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY, 2021
Wound infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria can extend a patients' debility and increase the expense of treatment in the long term; therefore, careful management of patients with wound infections is necessary to avoid complications. The usage of antimicrobial agent is a major factor in resistance development. This study aims to understand the causes of wound infections, as well as the criteria for diagnosing them for more sensible antibiotic prescribing. Samples from 269 wound patients were collected, and cultured for bacterial growth. Gram stain technique, bacterial identification through VITEK 2 compact system was investigated in this study. Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) accounted for 59.15% of the total isolates, whereas pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) accounted for 40.85% of total isolates. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the dominant pathogenic GNB in wounds, whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the dominant pathogenic GPB. P. aeruginosa showed 100% resistance to the majority of antibiotic tested, including Ampicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Aztreona, Ceftriaxone, and others. S. aureus and S. epidermidis are 100% resistant to Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime. For more efficient antibiotic prescriptions, the causative microorganisms, and their current susceptibility patterns need to be mandated for testing before prescribing any antibiotics to patients. Prescriptions are frequently based solely on general information about the antibiotic's function, rather than on individual response variation to the pathogen and the antibiotic. Particularly, when the common pathogens in this study show multidrug resistance in wounds.