Gene expression analysis in a murine model of allergic asthma reveals overlapping disease and therapy dependent pathways in the lung (original) (raw)
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Pulmonary Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 Induced by IL-13 Regulates Allergic Asthma Phenotype
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2009
Rationale: Th2 cytokines play an important role in allergic diseases. These cytokines activate signal transduction pathways, including Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. Although the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family protein, a negative regulator of the Janus kinase/STAT signaling pathway, contributes to helper T cell differentiation during immune responses, the role of SOCS proteins within the structural cells of a target organ has not been clarified in allergy. Objectives: To study the local function of SOCS in the development of asthma. Methods: We used mouse models of IL-13-and ovalbumin (OVA)induced allergic airway disease. Airway smooth muscle cells were cultured from patients with asthma. Measurements and Main Results: The administration of IL-13 induced not only airway responses but also SOCS1 expression at the local inflammatory site. The up-regulated SOCS1 markedly suppressed IL-13-dependent STAT6 activation and eotaxin expression and subsequently down-regulated IL-13-induced airway inflammatory responses. The inactivation of SOCS1 induced airway hyperresponsiveness after IL-13 treatment even in hyporesponsive C57BL/6 background mice. In an OVA-induced model of allergic airway disease, allergen exposure up-regulated local SOCS1 expression, and the induction of SOCS1 in the airways attenuated allergeninduced airway responses. Inactivation of IL-13 inhibited SOCS1 induction in a model of allergic airway disease. Interestingly, airway smooth muscle cells from individuals with asthma had impaired upregulation of SOCS1 after IL-13 stimulation. Conclusions: SOCS1 induction by IL-13 in airway structural cells is critical to negatively control allergic airway disease.
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 2001
Interleukin (IL)-13, a cytokine released by T lymphocytes during immediate hypersensitivity responses, is a central mediator of asthma. Because IL-13 induces phenotypic features of asthma in mice deficient in T and B lymphocytes, it is likely that this cytokine contributes to the development of asthma by acting directly on resident airway cells. To analyze the global effects of IL-13 on gene expression in airway cells that could contribute to the phenotypic features of asthma, we used Genechip HuGene FL arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) that contain probes for approximately 6,500 human genes. Despite activating a common signaling pathway, IL-13 induced dramatically different patterns of gene expression in primary cultures of airway epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells, and lung fibroblasts, with little overlap among cell types. The most prominent effects of IL-13 were on airway smooth muscle, but several genes induced in airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts are also candidates that may contribute to phenotypic features of asthma. These results suggest that the in vivo response to IL-13 in the airways likely results from a combination of distinct effects on each of several resident airway cell types.
2007
The incidence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased in recent decades, especially in urban and industrialized areas. It has been reported that, at present, one third of the population in Japan suffers from bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, or allergic rhinitis. The medical cost for treating such patients is huge and on the increase. Thus, it is important socially as well as medically to establish more useful strategies to overcome allergic disorders. Bronchial asthma is a complex disease characterized by airway inflammation involving a Th2-cytokine, interleukin (IL)-13. A substantial body of evidence has accumulated pointing to the pivotal role of IL-13 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Therefore, IL-13 and its signal pathway are thought to be promising targets to develop a therapeutic agent for bronchial asthma. In this article, we summarize the biological properties of IL-13 itself and its signal transduction pathway, the pathological roles of IL-13 in bronchial asthma, and the agents to inhibit the IL-13 signals that are now under development.
Interleukin 13 and the evolution of asthma therapy
American journal of clinical and experimental immunology, 2012
This is a concise review on Interleukin (IL)-13 and the evolution of asthma therapy, from discovery of the molecule, the identification of its pathogenic role in animal models of asthma, to the development of clinically successful neutralizing agents. The translational path from basic research to clinical application was not sequential as expected but random with respect to the tools (molecular & cell biology, animal models, human studies) used and to the application of academic versus industry research. The experiences with the development of neutralizing anti-IL-13 reagents emphasize the need for inclusion of a biomarker assay in the clinical trials that both identifies individuals that actually have aberrant expression of the pathway of interest and allows determining whether the target of interest is neutralized.
IL-13 receptor α2 contributes to development of experimental allergic asthma
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2013
Background-IL-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13R 2) binds IL-13 with high affinity and modulates IL-13 responses. There are soluble and membrane forms of IL-13R 2 generated by alternative splicing in mice but humans express only the membrane form (memIL-13R 2). Objective-We determined the role of memIL-13R 2 in development of allergic inflammation in mouse models of asthma. Methods-IL-13R 2-deficient and memIL-13R 2 lung epithelium-specific transgenic mice were challenged with house dust mite (HDM). Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation were assessed by airway pressure time index, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts and lung histology. The mucus production was determined by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of lung sections, western blot analysis of chloride channel calcium activated 3 (CLCA3) expression in lung homogenates, and ELISA of Muc5ac in BAL fluid (BALF). The expression of cytokines and chemokines was determined by RT-quantitative PCR. Results-In IL-13R 2-deficient mice, AHR and airway inflammation were attenuated compared to wild type mice following HDM challenge. Lung epithelium overexpression of memIL-13R 2 in the IL-13R 2-deficient mice reconstituted AHR and inflammation to levels similar to those observed in HDM-challenged wild type mice. Mucus production was attenuated in lungs from HDM-treated IL-13R 2-deficient mice while lung epithelium overexpression of memIL-13R 2 increased mucus production. Lung epithelium overexpression of memIL-13R 2 had no effect on
Genetic variants of IL-13 signalling and human asthma and atopy
Human Molecular Genetics, 2000
Asthma and atopy show epidemiological association and are biologically linked by T-helper type 2 (T h 2) cytokine-driven inflammatory mechanisms. IL-4 operates through the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R, a heterodimer of IL-4Rα and either γc or IL-13Rα1) and IL-13 operates through IL-13R (a heterodimer of IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1) to promote IgE synthesis and IgE-based mucosal inflammation which typify atopy. Recent animal model data suggest that IL-13 is a central cytokine in promoting asthma, through the stimulation of bronchial epithelial mucus secretion and smooth muscle hyper-reactivity. We investigated the role of common genetic variants of IL-13 and IL-13Rα1 in human asthma, considering IgE levels. A novel variant of human IL-13, Gln110Arg, on chromosome 5q31, associated with asthma rather than IgE levels in casecontrol populations from Britain and Japan [peak odds ratio (OR) = 2.31, 95% CI 1.33-4.00]; the variant also predicted asthma and higher serum IL-13 levels in a general, Japanese paediatric population. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that both subunits of IL-13R are prominently expressed in bronchial epithelium and smooth muscle from asthmatic subjects. Detailed molecular modelling analyses indicate that residue 110 of IL-13, the site of the charge-modifying variants Arg and Gln, is important in the internal constitution of the ligand and crucial in ligand-receptor interaction. A non-coding variant of IL-13Rα1, A1398G, on chromosome Xq13, associated primarily with high IgE levels (OR = 3.38 in males, 1.10 in females) rather than asthma. Thus, certain variants of IL-13 signalling are likely to be important promoters of human asthma; detailed functional analysis of their actions is needed.
Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 2010
IL-4 and IL-13 are closely related cytokines that are produced by Th2 cells. However, IL-4 and IL-13 have different effects on the development of asthma phenotypes. Here, we evaluated downstream molecular mechanisms involved in the development of Th2 type asthma phenotypes. A murine model of Th2 asthma was used that involved intraperitoneal sensitization with an allergen (ovalbumin) plus alum and then challenge with ovalbumin alone. Asthma phenotypes, including airway-hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung inflammation, and immunologic parameters were evaluated after allergen challenge in mice deficient in candidate genes. The present study showed that methacholine AHR and lung inflammation developed in allergen-challenged IL-4-deficient mice but not in allergen-challenged IL-13-deficient mice. In addition, the production of OVA-specific IgG2a and IFN-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 was also impaired in the absence of IL-13, but not of IL-4. Lung-targeted IFN-γ over-expression in the airways enhanced methacholine AHR and non-eosinophilic inflammation; in addition, these asthma phenotypes were impaired in allergen-challenged IFN-γ-deficient mice. Moreover, AHR, non-eosinophilic inflammation, and IFN-γ expression were impaired in allergen-challenged IL-12Rβ2-and STAT4-deficient mice; however, AHR and non-eosinophilic inflammation were not impaired in allergen-challenged IL-4Rα-deficient mice, and these phenomena were accompanied by the enhanced expression of IL-12 and IFN-γ. The present data suggest that IL-13-mediated asthma phenotypes, such as AHR and non-eosinophilic inflammation, in the Th2 type asthma are dependent on the IL-12-STAT4-IFN-γ axis, and that these asthma phenotypes are independent of IL-4Ralpha-mediated signaling.
Unique and overlapping gene expression patterns driven by IL4 and IL13 in the mouse lung
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2009
Background-Allergic asthma results from inappropriate Th2-mediated inflammation. Both IL-4 and IL-13 contribute to asthma pathogenesis, but IL-4 predominantly drives Th2 induction, while IL-13 is necessary and sufficient for allergen-induced AHR and goblet cell hyperplasia. Although these 2 cytokines share signaling components, the molecular mechanisms by which they mediate different phases of the allergic asthma response remain elusive.