Structural invariance of multiple intelligences, based on the level of execution. 'Invarianza estructural de las inteligencias múltiples en función del nivel de ejecución (original) (raw)
Related papers
Structural invariance of multiple intelligences, based on the level of execution
Psicothema, 2011
The independence of multiple intelligences (MI) of Gardner's theory has been debated since its conception. This article examines whether the one-factor structure of the MI theory tested in previous studies is invariant for low and high ability students. Two hundred ninety-four children (aged 5 to 7) participated in this study. A set of Gardner's Multiple Intelligence assessment tasks based on the Spectrum Project was used. To analyze the invariance of a general dimension of intelligence, the different models of behaviours were studied in samples of participants with different performance on the Spectrum Project tasks with Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA). Results suggest an absence of structural invariance in Gardner's tasks. Exploratory analyses suggest a three-factor structure for individuals with higher performance levels and a two-factor structure for individuals with lower performance levels.
The structure of human intelligence
In a heterogeneous sample of 436 adult individuals who completed 42 mental ability tests, we evaluated the relative statistical performance of three major psychometric models of human intelligence-the Cattell-Horn fluidcrystallized model, Vernon's verbal-perceptual model, and Carroll's three-strata model. The verbal-perceptual model fit significantly better than the other two. We improved it by adding memory and higher-order image rotation factors. The results provide evidence for a four-stratum model with a g factor and three third-stratum factors. The model is consistent with the idea of coordination of function across brain regions and with the known importance of brain laterality in intellectual performance. We argue that this model is theoretically superior to the fluid-crystallized model and highlight the importance of image rotation in human intellectual function. D ). Much has been written about psychometric models of the structure of human intelligence, and they are routinely used as underlying assumptions in designing psychological research studies and for developing assessment tools. Surprisingly, however, the most well-established models have been subject to almost no empirical scrutiny in the form of assessment of comparative performance using modern confirmatory factor analytic techniques. In particular, Carroll's (1993) thorough and methodical exploratory analysis of more than 460 data sets of mental ability tests did not address this issue, a point he acknowledged in his final (2003, p. 12) publication, noting that his methodology bsuffered from a lack of adequate procedures for establishing the statistical significance of findingsQ. This is an important omission, as the objective evaluation of these models and the theories that generated them should result in more powerful theories, thereby making better use of monetary and intellectual resources and avoiding conceptual dead ends. The purpose of this study was to correct this omission, in the process using confirmatory factor analysis as a form of bstrong inferenceQ .
Intelligence assessment: Gardner multiple intelligence theory as an alternative
Learning and Individual Differences, 2010
In the multiple intelligence framework, newer and more contextualized cognitive tasks are suggested as alternative to more traditional psychometric tests. The purpose of this article is to examine whether or not these two types of instruments converge into a general factor of cognitive performance. Thus, the Battery of General and Differential Aptitudes (BADyG: reasoning, memory, verbal aptitude, numerical aptitude and spatial aptitude) and a set of Gardner's multiple intelligence assessment tasks (linguistic, logical, visual/spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalistic and musical intelligences) were administered to 294 children aged 5 to 7. The confirmatory factor analysis points out the absence of a common general factor considering both batteries, indicating instead the existence of two general factors, which gather the tests that encompass them. Also, these two general factors correspond to traditional and multiple intelligence assessments and show a statistically moderate correlation between them. These results challenge Gardner's original position on refusing a general factor of intelligence, especially when considering the cognitive dimensions measured which do not coincide with the more traditional tests of intelligence.
Beyond g: Putting multiple intelligences theory to the test
Intelligence, 2006
We investigated Gardner's "Theory of Multiple Intelligences" in a sample of 200 adults. For each of the hypothesized eight "intelligence" domains-Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Spatial, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Musical, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Naturalistic-we selected two tests based on Gardner's description of its content. Factor analysis revealed a large g factor having substantial loadings for tests assessing purely cognitive abilities-Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Spatial, Naturalistic, Interpersonal-but lower loadings for tests of other abilities, especially Bodily-Kinesthetic. Within most domains, the two tests showed some (weak) non-g associations, thus providing modest support for the coherence of those domains, which resemble the group factors of hierarchical models of intelligence. Results support previous findings that highly diverse tests of purely cognitive abilities share strong loadings on a factor of general intelligence, and that abilities involving sensory, motor, or personality influences are less strongly g-loaded. (B.A. Visser), mashton@brocku.ca (M.C. Ashton), vernon@uwo.ca (P.A. Vernon).
Learning and Individual Differences, 2016
Research on the structure of psychometric intelligence has used hierarchical models like the higher-order and the bi-factor model and has studied the hierarchical relationship between factors within these models. In contrast, research on the structure of personality has not only used hierarchical models but has also studied hierarchies of factor solutions. We clarify the theoretical and conceptual differences between hierarchical models and the solutions-hierarchy approach used in the field of personality research, and suggest that the solutions-hierarchy perspective can provide a novel perspective for intelligence research. We used the solutions-hierarchy approach to study four correlation matrices (N = 230 to 710; 38 to 63 tests), and a large dataset (N = 16,823; 44 tests). Results provided (a) insights into relationships between intelligence constructs across the hierarchy of factor solutions, and (b) evidence that intelligence has a 1-2-3-5 hierarchy of factor solutions with a g factor at the top, gc and gf factors at the second level, a speed-reasoning-knowledge taxonomy at the third level, and possibly a speed-reasoningfluency-knowledge-memory/perception taxonomy at the fifth level.
g and the measurement of Multiple Intelligences: A response to Gardner
Intelligence, 2006
Gardner [Gardner, H. (2006-this issue). On failing to grasp the core of MI theory: A response to Visser et al. Intelligence] criticized some aspects of our empirical examination [Visser, B. A., Ashton, M. C., & Vernon, P. A. (2006-this issue). Beyond g: Putting multiple intelligences theory to the test. Intelligence] of his "Theory of Multiple Intelligences". Specifically, Gardner questioned the construct validity of g, and suggested that the measures we used to test his theory were contaminated with verbal and logical demands. In this reply, we explain that the construct validity of g is well established, pointing out (a) that g is expressed in a wide variety of tasks (not all of which are "school-like" tasks), (b) that g predicts many important criterion variables (not only academic achievement), and (c) that g has a well-established biological basis. With regard to the measures used in our study, we point out that the verbal content of those tasks is unlikely to contribute to individual differences in task performance, and that the logical content of those tasks is consistent with Gardner's description of his intelligence domains.
Bimodality in the Berlin model of intelligence structure (BIS): A replication study
Personality and Individual Differences, 1996
The bimodal structure of intelligence as proposed in the 'Berlin model of intelligence structure' (BIS) (J%ger, 1982) and measured by the BIS-4 test was analysed in a sample of I82 subjects. According to this theory two modalities characterize the structure, both emerging from results in 45 mental tasks and containing a total of seven components: Operations (processing speed, memory, creativity, processing capacity), and contents (verbal, numerical, figural ability), as well as the general factor (g). Exploratory analysis following Jager's approach revealed the existence of four operations and three contents. The simultaneous examination of the bimodality in the structure of the BIS was performed by means of confirmatory factor analysis. The theoretically proposed bimodal model (four operations and three contents) was compared with a unimodal model involving seven correlated factors of the same level and with other alternative unimodal models. In these analyses a slight superiority of operations over contents was observed. The reasons for our preference of the bimodal BIS structure compared to other unimodal solutions are clarified and the role of operations and contents in the construct of intelligence is discussed.
Intelligence, 2005
In a heterogeneous sample of 436 adult individuals who completed 42 mental ability tests, we evaluated the relative statistical performance of three major psychometric models of human intelligence-the Cattell-Horn fluidcrystallized model, Vernon's verbal-perceptual model, and Carroll's three-strata model. The verbal-perceptual model fit significantly better than the other two. We improved it by adding memory and higher-order image rotation factors. The results provide evidence for a four-stratum model with a g factor and three third-stratum factors. The model is consistent with the idea of coordination of function across brain regions and with the known importance of brain laterality in intellectual performance. We argue that this model is theoretically superior to the fluid-crystallized model and highlight the importance of image rotation in human intellectual function. D ). Much has been written about psychometric models of the structure of human intelligence, and they are routinely used as underlying assumptions in designing psychological research studies and for developing assessment tools. Surprisingly, however, the most well-established models have been subject to almost no empirical scrutiny in the form of assessment of comparative performance using modern confirmatory factor analytic techniques. In particular, Carroll's (1993) thorough and methodical exploratory analysis of more than 460 data sets of mental ability tests did not address this issue, a point he acknowledged in his final (2003, p. 12) publication, noting that his methodology bsuffered from a lack of adequate procedures for establishing the statistical significance of findingsQ. This is an important omission, as the objective evaluation of these models and the theories that generated them should result in more powerful theories, thereby making better use of monetary and intellectual resources and avoiding conceptual dead ends. The purpose of this study was to correct this omission, in the process using confirmatory factor analysis as a form of bstrong inferenceQ .