Feasibility of Utilizing Corn Stalk Residues in Chemi- Mechanical Pulping (CMP) and Papermaking (original) (raw)
Related papers
Comparison of the properties of chemical cellulose pulps
Cellulose, 1994
The literature related to differences between chemical cellulose pulps produced by different pulping processes has been reviewed. Kraft pulps tend to be stronger, particularly in tear strength, while sulfite pulps hydrate and beat more readily. Organosolv pulps tend to mirror the properties of sulfite more than those of kraft pulps. A number of theories have been offered to explain the different properties of the chemical pulps; however, none has been universally accepted. It may be that acidic processes develop weak points in the fibers which are magnified in tear strength losses since, at a constant tensile strength, a 10% loss in fiber strength can lead to a 25-30% loss in tear strength. The effects of acidic pulping may also be magnified in greater fiber breakage and damage in the subsequent refining stages. However, strength improvements for inferior pulps can be realized through post-chemical treatments. Caustic treatments appear to give the greatest improvements, presumably due to increases in acidic group content which results in enhanced swelling properties, and possible subtle reorientation of cell wall polymers. The strength of hornified, recycled fibers can also be enhanced with such treatments, although simple beating will restore considerable strength, but at the expense of drainage rates. It is clear that the processes are complex and involve both the chemistry and physics of the fibers and how these attributes combine to affect the subsequent beating of the fibers for bonding and strength development.
Chemimechanical pulping of Eucalyptus grandis
Wood and Fiber Science, 2007
Eucaypfus is currently one of the main fibrous raw materials used in the pulp and paper industry in given parts of the world. The objective of the present paper is to optimize the chemimechanical ouloinu conditions for Eucalynfus arandis, evaluate the oulo auality obtained, and draw conclusions-~ ~-. regarding its potential use. The raw material used was Eucalypttrr grandis industrial chips obtained at a Celulosa Areentina mill in Puerto Pirav. Misiones. Areentina. For all the exoeriments. the chemical. . .stage was carried out in a stainless steel digester with a liquor recirculation system. he mechanical stage was canied out in an &in. atmospheric disk refiner. Sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide were added as chemical reactives. The central composite experimental design used involved five levels for the two variables srualeo (A" tactonal aeslgn + star + central point). Three repetitions of the central point were carried out to check for errors. The variables studied were: initial amount of sodium sulfite in the wood (0.9 to 3.5% oven-dry wood) and reaction temperature (96 to 124 0. Times until maximum temoerature and time at maximum temoerature were. resoectivelv. 20 and 90 minutes. A constant. .. . level of sodium hydroxide was maintained in all the experiments (1.5% oven-dry wood). Pulp evaluation was carried out using the usual characterization techniques. Chemical and physical evaluations, including optical testing, were, for the most part, done in accordance with TAPPI procedures. The results obtainedjndicate that the central point of the design used in our research (1 10 C and 2.5% oven-drv wood sulfite). aooears to reoresent the ootimal conditions for the variables studied for the chemimechanical pulping b~~u c a l y p l~s grandis. g he pulps obtained could be used as furnish in printing and writing paper grades. The positive correlation between sulfonate concentration and water retention value (WRV) suggests that by increasing fiber wall swelling, the number of sites accessible to sulfonation is i n c r e a s e d h e tensile index corrilates positively with the degree of sulfonation and with the water retention value of the oulos. It decreases according to the fraction retained in a 30-.. mesh screen (due to the presence of numerous shives) and increases according to the fraction of fines passing through a 270-mesh screen.
Suitable approach using agricultural residues for pulp and paper manufacturing
Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 2017
The chemical compositions, fibre dimensions, elemental analysis and paper characteristics of sesame, karkadeh and okra stalks were studied in this work. It was found that the α-cellulose content of karkadeh, sesame and okra stalks were 45.8, 42.3 and 37.9%, respectively. Klason lignin was found to be the highest in okra 21.4% while it was 20.8 and 19.3% in sesame and karkadeh, respectively. Soda and soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping as sulfur-free processes were applied on these raw materials for producing pulp fibers. The results showed that a lower kappa number, higher screened pulp yield, and better paper handsheet properties were obtained for the pulp produced via soda-AQ pulping than the soda process. The soda-AQ and soda pulping of karkadeh generated pulp with the highest yields of 46.6% and 43.5% and kappa numbers of 18.0 and 19.4, respectively. Papers produced from karkadeh pulp showed the highest brightness of 77.64 and 75.50%, tensile index of 52.3 and 51.7 N.m/g, tear index of 4.6 and 5.5 mNm2/g and burst index of 3.9 and 3.5 KPa m2/g for soda-AQ and soda pulp, respectively. Furthermore, the morphological analysis and chemical compositions of karkadeh, sesame and okra stalks showed their suitability for pulp and paper production. ADDRESSES OF THE AUTHORS: Haroon A. M. Saeed (haroonsaeed75@gmail.com) b Center of Fibers, Papers and Recycling, Faculty of Textiles, University of Gezira, Box 20, Wad Medani, Sudan; Yu Liu (leoliuyu@163.com) Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Shandong Province) Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, P.R. China.; Honglei Chen (shaming007@163.com) Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Shandong Province) Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, P.R. China; Lucian A. Lucia (lalucia@ncsu.edu) c Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Box 8005, Raleigh, NC27695-8005, USA. Corresponding authors: Haroon A. M. Saeed and Yu
Application of NSSC Pulping to Sugarcane Bagasse
Bioresources, 2011
The NSSC pulping process was investigated to produce pulp from bagasse for corrugating board manufacture. The chemical contents including cellulose, lignin, ash, and extractives soluble in alcohol-acetone measured 55.75, 20.5, 1.85, and 3.25, respectively. The average fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen width, and cell wall thickness of bagasse were 1.59 mm, 20.96, 9.72, and 5.64 μm, respectively. The optimum conditions, with a yield of 74.95%, were achieved using 20 percent chemicals on the basis of sodium oxide, cooking temperature of 170 °C, and cooking time of 30 minutes. Pulp was refined to freeness 345 and 433 mL CSF according to Canadian standards. 127 g m-2 handsheets from both pulps were made and strength properties measured. Statistical analysis of results indicated that paper derived from freeness 345 and 433 mL CSF had better strength properties in all indices in comparison with NSSC pulp from hardwoods produced at Mazandaran Pulp and Paper factory, Iran.
Polymers
Sugarcane straw fiber (SSF) samples were prepared by chemical pulping (CP) and steam explosion (STE). CP (5, 10, 15% NaOH + 0.2% w/w anthraquinone at 121 °C for 1 h) and STE pressure (1.77, 1.96, and 2.16 MPa at 220 °C for 4 min) SSF trays were molded with a hydraulic hot-press machine at 120 °C, 7 min, and 1.72 MPa. The yield (%) of SSF from STE (54–60% dry basis (db.)) was higher than CP (32–48% db.). STE trays had greater tensile strength than CP. However, STE’s elongation and compression strength was lower than CP tray samples. The trays made from SSF using STE had less swelling in thickness, longer water wetting time, and a higher water contact angle than those made from CP. The micrographs displayed a smaller size of SSF obtained in STE than the CP. The appearance and area of peaks in ATR-FTIR spectra and XRD diffractograms, respectively, revealed that the STE trays had a larger residual lignin content from the lignin study and a lower crystallinity index than the CP trays. Mo...
Effect of Mixing Different Contents of OCC Pulp on NSSC Pulp Strength
BioResources, 2014
This research was conducted to study changes in mechanical properties due to mixing of old corrugated container (OCC) pulp with virgin neutral sulfite semi-chemical (NSSC) pulp. The OCC pulp was collected after removal of printing, glued parts, and unwanted additives. To prevent cutting of fibers, dedicated containers were broken down by hand before pulping. Handsheets with a base weight of 127 g/m 2 were made by mixing the NSSC and OCC pulps at proportions of 60, 70, and 80 wt% of NSSC. Mechanical properties, including tensile strength, burst strength, tearing strength, corrugated medium test, and ring crush test, were evaluated using TAPPI standards. Addition of up to 30% OCC improved the tensile strength, tear strength, and burst strength of the handsheets significantly in comparison with the control sample (21, 25, and 59%, respectively). However, the corrugated medium test and ring crush test decreased by about 13 and 9%, respectively. The results of this study revealed that mixing 30 wt% OCC with NSSC yielded a higher quality paper.