Honey bee ( Apis mellifera) transferrin-gene structure and the role of ecdysteroids in the developmental regulation of its expression (original) (raw)
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PLOS Pathogens, 2021
Nosemosis C, a Nosema disease caused by microsporidia parasite Nosema ceranae, is a significant disease burden of the European honey bee Apis mellifera which is one of the most economically important insect pollinators. Nevertheless, there is no effective treatment currently available for Nosema disease and the disease mechanisms underlying the pathological effects of N. ceranae infection in honey bees are poorly understood. Iron is an essential nutrient for growth and survival of hosts and pathogens alike. The iron tug-of-war between host and pathogen is a central battlefield at the host-pathogen interface which determines the outcome of an infection, however, has not been explored in honey bees. To fill the gap, we conducted a study to investigate the impact of N. ceranae infection on iron homeostasis in honey bees. The expression of transferrin, an iron binding and transporting protein that is one of the key players of iron homeostasis, in response to N. ceranae infection was ana...
Developmental and Organ-Specific Expression of Transferrin in Drosophila Melanogaster
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2004
Transferrins are a group of iron-binding proteins well characterized in vertebrates. They are single-chain glycoproteins of molecular weight near 80 kDa, bearing two structurally similar but functionally distinct iron-binding sites. The polypeptide chain is arranged in two lobes, respectively representing the N-terminal and C-terminal halves of the molecule. Molecular cloning of insect transferrins from Aedes aegypti (1), Bombix mori (2), Drosophila melanogaster (3) Sarcophaga peregrina (4) and Riptorus clavatus suggests an extensive deletion in the C-terminal lobe resulting in sizes around 66 kDa. As a result most insect transferrins have a functional iron-binding site only in the N-terminal lobe. The role of insect transferrin is less well defined. The evidences obtained so far showed that the insect transferrin is an iron transport protein (6), an antibiotic agent (1,
Features of the Honey Bee Apis Mellifera Genome Versus Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster
Journal of Investigative Genomics, 2016
The analysis of the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes of the honey bee Apis mellifera in comparison with the well-annotated, finished fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster genome was presented in this article. The nuclear genome of the honey bee has about 245 millions b.p. which distributed in 16 chromosomes and contains about 10 thousands genes. The mitochondrial genome of the A. mellifera has about 16 thousands b.p. which located in mitochondrion's and contains 35 genes. The nuclear genome of the fruit fly has about 144 millions b.p. which distributed in 4 chromosomes and contains about 17 thousands genes. The mitochondrial genome of the D. melanogaster has about 19 thousands b.p., which located in mitochondrion's and contains 37 genes. Despite the full sequencing of the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes of the A. mellifera the function of several genes and loci of A. mellifera are not disclosed fully. A comparative analysis of the genomes of A. mellifera and D. melanogaster using bioinformatics techniques allowed to reveal the features of the structure and function of the honey bee A. mellifera genome. The genome of A. mellifera have more similarity with the vertebrate genome than D. melanogaster. The genome of A. mellifera contains less genes of the native immunity, of detoxification enzymes, of cuticle proteins and taste receptors compared with D. melanogaster. However, A. mellifera contains new genes associated with olfactory receptors, the processing of pollen and nectar, poison organs, wax glands, caste determination and labor division which absent at D. melanogaster. Probably, this is due to the ecology of bees and their social evolution.
2002
We have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for a European honey bee strain using the cloning enzyme HindIII in order to develop resources for structural genomics research. The library contains 36,864 clones (ninety-six 384-well plates). A random sampling of 247 clones indicated an average insert size of 113 kb (range = 27 to 213 kb) and 2% empty vectors. Based on an estimated genome size of 270 Mb, this library provides approximately 15 haploid genome equivalents, allowing >99% probability of recovering any specific sequence of interest. High-density colony filters were gridded robotically using a Genetix Q-BOT in a 4 x 4 double-spotted array on New genomic resources for Apis mellifera 307 Genetics and Molecular Research 1 (4): 306-316 (2002) www.funpecrp.com.br 22.5-cm 2 filters. Screening of the library with four mapped honey bee genomic clones and two bee cDNA probes identified an average of 21 positive signals per probe, with a range of 7-38 positive signals per probe. An additional screening was performed with nine aphid gene fragments and one Drosophila gene fragment resulting in seven of the nine aphid probes and the Drosophila probe producing positive signals with a range of 1 to 122 positive signals per probe (average of 45). To evaluate the utility of the library for sequence tagged connector analysis, 1152 BAC clones were end sequenced in both forward and reverse directions, giving a total of 2061 successful reads of high quality. End sequences were queried against SWISS-PROT, insect genomic sequence GSS, insect EST, and insect transposable element databases. Results in spreadsheet format from these searches are publicly available at the Clemson University Genomics Institute (CUGI) website in a searchable format (http:/ /www.genome.clemson.edu/projects/stc/bee/AM\_\_Ba/).
Ильясов Р.А., Поскряков А.В., Николенко А.Г. Организация генома медоносной пчелы Apis mellifera. Биомика. 2016. Т. 8. № 2. С. 97-99. (Ilyasov R.A., Poskryakov A.V., Nikolenko A.G. The honey bee Apis mellifera genome organisation (translated). Biomics. 2016. V. 8 (2). P. 97-99.) В статье представлен анализ ядерного и митохондриального геномов медоносной пчелы Apis mellifera в сравнении с геномом плодовой мушки Drosophila melanogaster. Ядерный геном медоносной пчелы размером около 245 млн. п. н. распределен между 16 хромосомами и содержит около 10 тыс. генов. Митохондриальный геном медоносной пчелы размером около 16 тыс. п. н. расположен в митохондриях и содержит 35 генов. Несмотря на полное секвенирование ядерного и митохондриального геномов медоносной пчелы, функции многих генов и локусов еще до конца не раскрыты. The analysis of the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes of the honey bee Apis mellifera in comparison with genomes of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were showed in this article. The nuclear genome of the honey bee has about 245 millions b. p. which distributed in 16 chromosomes and contains about 10 thousands genes. The mitochondrial genome of the honey bee has about 16 thousands b. p. which located in mitochondrions and contains 35 genes. Despite the full sequencing of the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes of the honey bee Apis mellifera the function of most genes and loci not clear yet.
Changes in protein expression during honey bee larval development
Genome Biology, 2008
The honey bee (Apis mellifera), besides its role in pollination and honey production, serves as a model for studying the biochemistry of development, metabolism, and immunity in a social organism. Here we use mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics to quantify nearly 800 proteins during the 5-to 6-day larval developmental stage, tracking their expression profiles.
Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 2006
An N-terminal amino acid sequence of a previously reported honey bee hexamerin, HEX 110 [Danty et al., Insect Biochem Mol Biol 28:387–397 (1998)], was used as reference to identify the predicted genomic sequence in a public GenBank database. In silico analysis revealed an ORF of 3,033 nucleotides that encompasses eight exons. The conceptual translation product is a glutamine-rich polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 112.2 kDa and pI of 6.43, which contains the conserved M and C hemocyanin domains. Semiquantitative and quantitative RT-PCR with specific primers allowed for an analysis of mRNA levels during worker bee development and under different physiological conditions. Concomitantly, the abundance of the respective polypeptide in the hemolymph was examined by SDS-PAGE. Hex 110 transcripts were found in high levels during the larval stages, then decreased gradually during the pupal stage, and increased again in adults. HEX 110 subunits were highly abundant in larval hemolymph, decreased at the spinning-stage, and remained at low levels in pupae and adults. In 5th instar larvae, neither starvation nor supplementation of larval food with royal jelly changed the Hex 110 transcript levels or the amounts of HEX 110 subunit in hemolymph. In adult workers, high levels of Hex 110 mRNA, but not of the respective subunit, were related to ovary activation, and also to the consumption of a pollen-rich diet. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 63:57–72, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
BMC Molecular Biology, 2010
Background Hexamerins are hemocyanin-derived proteins that have lost the ability to bind copper ions and transport oxygen; instead, they became storage proteins. The current study aimed to broaden our knowledge on the hexamerin genes found in the honey bee genome by exploring their structural characteristics, expression profiles, evolution, and functions in the life cycle of workers, drones and queens. Results The hexamerin genes of the honey bee (hex 70a, hex 70b, hex 70c and hex 110) diverge considerably in structure, so that the overall amino acid identity shared among their deduced protein subunits varies from 30 to 42%. Bioinformatics search for motifs in the respective upstream control regions (UCRs) revealed six overrepresented motifs including a potential binding site for Ultraspiracle (Usp), a target of juvenile hormone (JH). The expression of these genes was induced by topical application of JH on worker larvae. The four genes are highly transcribed by the larval fat body,...
Ilyasov R.A. Features of the honey bee Apis mellifera genome versus fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Investigative Genomics. 2016. V. 3 No. 2. P. 00044 (1-3). DOI: 10.15406/jig.2016.02.00044 (http://medcraveonline.com/JIG/JIG-03-00044.pdf) The analysis of the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes of the honey bee Apis mellifera in comparison with the well-annotated, finished fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster genome was presented in this article. The nuclear genome of the honey bee has about 245 millions b.p. which distributed in 16 chromosomes and contains about 10 thousands genes. The mitochondrial genome of the A. mellifera has about 16 thousands b.p. which located in mitochondrion’s and contains 35 genes. The nuclear genome of the fruit fly has about 144 millions b.p. which distributed in 4 chromosomes and contains about 17 thousands genes. The mitochondrial genome of the D. melanogaster has about 19 thousands b.p., which located in mitochondrion’s and contains 37 genes. Despite the full sequencing of the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes of the A. mellifera the function of several genes and loci of A. mellifera are not disclosed fully. A comparative analysis of the genomes of A. mellifera and D. melanogaster using bioinformatics techniques allowed to reveal the features of the structure and function of the honey bee A. mellifera genome. The genome of A. mellifera have more similarity with the vertebrate genome than D. melanogaster. The genome of A. mellifera contains less genes of the native immunity, of detoxification enzymes, of cuticle proteins and taste receptors compared with D. melanogaster. However, A. mellifera contains new genes associated with olfactory receptors, the processing of pollen and nectar, poison organs, wax glands, caste determination and labor division which absent at D. melanogaster. Probably, this is due to the ecology of bees and their social evolution.