Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Flood risk inevitability and flood risk management in urban areas: A review (original) (raw)
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Flood risk inevitability and flood risk management in urban areas: A review
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2015
The increasing probability of flood risk in terms of its magnitude and frequency in urban areas prompted man to act for flood mitigation measures. Various flood risk control measures were carried out in different parts of the world but flood events persisted. This paper assessed the main causes of flood risk in urban areas and the various flood risk management measures for flood control so as to come out with a sustainable flood risk mitigation measures for urban areas. Related theories and empirical studies were reviewed as a method to acquire relevant information for analyzing the factors of flood risk and the trend in flood risk mitigation measures. The result points out the inability of both structural and non-structural measures to completely stop flood occurrences. Hence, an integration of the current measures and a partial systematic conversion of land use to its natural state can sustainably reduce flood risk in urban places. Key words: Flood risk, flood risk management, urb...
Irrigation and Drainage, 2006
An increasing proportion of the world's population is living and working in flood-prone areas. There are no indications that this tendency will change. In the rural areas we may observe improvements in agricultural production and an increase in the value of crops, farm buildings, water management facilities and infrastructure. In addition, due to urbanisation, industrialisation and improving standards of living, especially in the emerging countries, the value of property, buildings and infrastructure has significantly increased and will further increase in future. Especially in flood-prone areas in South and East Asia we may observe a very rapid growth of urban areas. In order to cope with this growth of new urban areas reclamation has very often taken place in nearby low-lying areas. From a flood protection and water management point of view this implies removal of storage areas and increase in urban drainage discharges. The paper presents the various developments and their consequences with respect to flood management.
VULNERABILITY AND FLOOD RISK IN URBAN AREAS Autor/a
2014
Flood risk management has been increasingly noticed over the years at the same time that population has settled in highly concentrated urban areas. Such areas, whenever they are in danger of suffering the effects of damaging natural phenomena (in particular, flooding), are likely to experience numerous losses. In this context, flood risk management (FRM) aims to carry out analyses that take into account all influencing aspects to determine the probable negative effects and, with this information, to take the appropriate measures to reduce risk up to a “tolerable ” level of risk. This paper focuses firstly on the explanation of the three main concepts intimately related with risk, which are flood hazard, flood risk and vulnerability. Although they seem clear concepts, it actually happens that depending on which source or science they are consulted different meanings can be attributed. Therefore a clear definition for each concept is presented with the purpose of leaving no space for ...
Urban flood mitigation: sustainable options
The Sustainable City VI, 2010
Cities have started to anticipate the effects of global warming dealing with flood management. Indeed, it seems that this last decade, flood risk has increased and cities are facing on the one hand more frequent hazards, and on the other hand different types of flooding: fluvial, coastal, estuarial and pluvial. Most cities have to manage at least two of these flooding types. At the same time, flood risk management practices have changed step-by-step. Indeed, despite efforts made to maintain the flood defense assets well, we often observe failures leading to finally increase flood risk in protected areas during major flood events. Moreover, flood forecasting models, although they benefit from continuous improvements, remain partly inaccurate due to uncertainties populated all along data calculation processes. This means cities cannot continue to manage flood risk only by the use of flood defenses: sustainable options have to be designed to better mitigate the effects of flooding in urban area and in a long term strategy. Several European cities have suffered recent flooding events. It was the case for example in 2007 in United Kingdom. During this period, major events came from extreme rainfall and it appears that pluvial flood risk has become one of the most frequent events. In this context, flood risk can appear on every territory: cities have to develop some methods to take into account this new deal, options to achieve urban flood resilience. Some solutions that cities are using or will be able to set up in the near future will be described.
Flood Risk, Typology, Severity and Management
Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Seria Geografie, 2020
Flooding has now become a major and critical concern in most parts of the world. It is defined as frequent natural phenomena that cause significant and often irreversible human and material damages. The increase in the number of catastrophic floods is first and foremost the consequence of climate change as well as land use that is not in line with environmental reality (construction on floodplain areas, inconsistent development of river beds. This paper represents generalities and definitions which allow an explanation of some fundamental concepts related to flood risk and its management.
Urban Flood Risk Management: Impact of Combined Strategies
2021
The sprawling of urban areas combined with the intensification of extreme storm events increases the frequency of floods. The Milan metropolitan area, Italy, is a glaring example of this condition, where floods occur on average two times a year and a new approach for urban water management is required. In recent years sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDs) have been spreading in many cities for local stormwater runoff reduction, in order to reduce the risk of overloading receiving water bodies and sewerage systems. These natural-based techniques also present advantages in terms of water quality improvement and in some cases also provide benefits at the ecological level. For an optimal river basin management, it is necessary to adopt holistic approaches including river restoration measures and SuDs for the hydraulic risk mitigation and the water and environmental quality enhancement. Previous research analysed the impact of re-naturalization measures on a stretch of the Seveso riv...
Contemporary Approach to Flood Risk Management
Flooding is a natural phenomenon which cannot be prevented. However, human activity is contributing to an increase in the likelihood and adverse impacts of extreme flood events. The scale and frequency of floods are likely to increase due to climate change-which will bring higher intensity of rainfall and rising sea levels-as well as to inappropriate river management and construction in flood plains which reduces their capacity to absorb flood waters. Agencies within the Govt. are already taking flood protection measures but concerted and coordinated action at the level of the Community would bring a considerable added value and improve the overall level of flood protection.
Flood Risks in Urban Areas-Data Analysis , Communication and Mitigation
2017
The increased frequency of heavy rainfall events leads to urban flooding, which induces immense damage and thus results in substantial costs in the urban area and in some cases even bodily injuries. The underground sewage systems cannot cope with extreme precipitation events. Enlargement and remediation of sewage systems and the construction of generally underground storm water retention basins alone cannot solve the problem efficiently. Consequently, urban drainage and urban planning authorities have a joint responsibility for recognizing surface run-off in terms of surface and underground flow paths, and also area utilization schemes adapted to the latter. The overall goal is to develop new forms of collaboration and to establish integrated planning processes bearing the needs of “risk management” and “water-sensitive urban design” in mind. If spatial information is made accessible by means of web-based information systems, these processes can be supported in a reasonable fashion.
A Framework for Flood Risk Analysis and Benefit Assessment of Flood Control Measures in Urban Areas
International journal of environmental research and public health, 2016
Flood risk analysis is more complex in urban areas than that in rural areas because of their closely packed buildings, different kinds of land uses, and large number of flood control works and drainage systems. The purpose of this paper is to propose a practical framework for flood risk analysis and benefit assessment of flood control measures in urban areas. Based on the concept of disaster risk triangle (hazard, vulnerability and exposure), a comprehensive analysis method and a general procedure were proposed for urban flood risk analysis. Urban Flood Simulation Model (UFSM) and Urban Flood Damage Assessment Model (UFDAM) were integrated to estimate the flood risk in the Pudong flood protection area (Shanghai, China). S-shaped functions were adopted to represent flood return period and damage (R-D) curves. The study results show that flood control works could significantly reduce the flood risk within the 66-year flood return period and the flood risk was reduced by 15.59%. Howeve...