The problem of preserving exterior wall paintings on monuments: a comparative study of late medieval painted churches in Bucovina (Romania) and Slovenia (original) (raw)
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The numerous paintings on the facades of churches, chapels, monuments, castles, town houses and rural houses demonstrate that the custom of decorating exteriors was widespread in Slovenia from the Middle Ages onwards. This segment of open-air artistic heritage is usually badly exposed to harmful natural and human environmental factors and is therefore one of the heritage types most at risk. With a suitably methodologically supported protection strategy it is possible to monitor the extent, state of conservation and risk status of wall paintings and take timely steps to protect them. To this end an experimental project has been designed, within the framework of which a model of an integrated approach to conserving wall paintings has been developed and applied. The result of the collection of data in the field and in historical records is an extensive database on the state of conservation and the risk status of more than 200 medieval wall paintings on the exteriors of more than 130 buildings. Some of the more important data on the condition of this segment of heritage are presented in this paper. The model is sufficiently broad to be applicable to both interior and exterior wall paintings and, with suitable adjustments, to other segments of art heritage. It can be linked to the methodologies of related disciplines (architecture, ethnology, archaeology, etc.) and its results can be incorporated into a corresponding cultural heritage information system.
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During the archaeological research of the Church of St. Nicholas, in Baljevac, Serbia, fragments of wall paintings were found in Pit no. 1, located in the nave area. The fragments were determined to be from the second phase of the construction of the church (13th century). Several fragments of different and pure tones were selected to examine the composition of the mortar and pigments, as well as the painting technique. Analytical techniques and the results obtained by their use during the examination of the selected fragments are presented in this paper. With a suitable selection of analytical techniques, all the pigments that had been used were identified, the chemical composition of the mortar determined and a parallel made with the materials analysed so far from wall paintings from similar periods. The importance of modern archaeometric tests in modern conservation-restoration practice is highlighted and guidelines for continuing research are presented.
RES .7 (The publications of the IPCHS Restoration Centre) Ljubljana , 2020
Sporadic conservation-restoration interventions have shown that in Slovenia there are no paintings of purely Romanesque provenance. In Šmartno, the presentation retains the high style and quality of a late-Romanesque painting but in Laško’s bell tower with its excessively retouched women saints, the story is different. Similarly, the Selo painting, executed in Late-Gothic linear style, in places gives evidence of extremely artificial restoration. Since these monuments are all art-historically relevant, their presentation should be credible.
Restoration of wall paintings in historical buildings along the Croatian coastal area is most often motivated by serious damage to the material structure by moisture and atmospheric salt. In this paper three historical buildings with wall paintings from the Romanesque period will be presented. All of these have been built on a similar location and have been exposed to similar climatic conditions. As a result of material structure analyses it became obvious that they have all been built of stone with the same type of plaster and a certain ratio of crushed brick as an aggregate. Fragments of wall paintings are preserved and the harmony of presentation has been achieved by the use of restoration plaster. These paintings are located in the church tower of St Mary's Benedictine monastery in Zadar, in pre-Romanesque St. Michael's Church in Ston and pre-Romanesque St. John the Baptist Church on Šipan Island near Dubrovnik.
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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2020
The investigation of the painting materials (pigments, binders and varnish) of Agarbiciu wooden church painted walls was done by employing both nondestructive (XRF and reflection FTIR spectroscopy for pigments) and destructive methods (FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS spectrometry for pigments and binders). The digital restoration of the interior of the wooden church was done using the physical-chemical composition of the painting layer, a metadata set that describes the timeline, detailed photographic documentation and the 3D scanned interior of the church.
Conservation Terms for Wall Paintings and Architectural Surfaces: Do We Have a Word in This Race?
Уметност и наука у примени: искуство и визија = Art and Science Applied: Experience and Vision
The observed need for a precise, reliable and therefore coordinated and standardised communication within the international community of material heritage preservation experts has resulted in a two-year project (2014-2016) and the publication of EwaGlos-European Illustrated Glossary of Conservation Terms for Wall Paintings and Architectural Surfaces. The glossary, which covers terminology in 11 languages and in the realisation of which Serbian scientific and vocational conservation community did not participate, is a true trailblazer. It can guide the direction and manner in which Serbian professional terminology should evolve, adjust and become normative, providing, meanwhile, an opportunity for linguists (as recognised by the authors of this paper) and conservation-restoration practitioners to jointly contribute to the field. The subject of this paper are selected Serbian terms and expressions used in conservation of wall paintings and architectural surfaces, that is, the selection, formation and formal-functional descriptive analysis of those terms, arising parallel to their correspondents and equivalents provided in the EwaGlos. The aim of our work is to come up with non-prescriptive suggestions of concrete terminology solutions in Serbian lexis related to this branch of conservation, and to do so by employing a competent research, scientific, vocational and linguistic-terminological methodology. This would primarily entail following internationally recognised recommendations for the formation of quality and sustainable nomenclature, as well as the existing Serbian scientific-vocational oral and written conservation-restoration discourse. Additionally, we hope to contribute to the process of creating norms and standards for abstruse Serbian terminology in the said field, and to draw attention of Serbian scientific-vocational community to a necessity for participating in international lexicographic endeavours, such as the EwaGlos. Aside from relying on a quantitative statistical method, we also took a qualitative research approach-contact-contrastive, comparative-distribu-analysis. We propose that the added value of this work lies in its general benefit to the Anglo-Serbian comparative linguistics, terminological lexicography, philological and applied-art education, while also being inclusive of the whole conservation-restoration community and all the institutions dealing with the aforementioned problematics in both narrow and wider senses.