An HRP study of the central course of sensory intermediate and vagal fibers in peripheral facial nerve branches in the cat (original) (raw)
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Brain Research, 1989
The distribution of sensory trigeminal nerve fibres in the anterior eye segment and the autonomic eye related ganglia, i.e. the parasympathetic ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia and the sympathetic superior cervical ganglion, was studied in rats. For this the trigeminal ganglion was injected with tritiated ieucine and wheat germ agglutinin coupled to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). After injection of WGA-HRP into the trigeminal ganglion, ganglion cell somata in the superior cervical and the pterygopalatine ganglion were labelled. As labelling of these cell bodies with WGA-HRP is the result of retrograde transport it must be assumed that cell bodies in these ganglia project to the trigeminal ganglion.
A brief historical note on the classification of nerve fibers
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 2008
This is a brief review of the literature focused on the articles that formed the basis for the classification of the nerve fibers. Mention is also made to the origin of the nomenclature of the different motoneurons (a, b and g).
Projections of Cervical Nerves to the Rat Medulla
Neuroscience letters, 1986
Cervical nerve Dorsal root ganglia Nucleus tractus solitarius Cephalgia Rat The central course of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) fibers from Ch C2 and C3, and particularly, their brainstem terminations were studied in rats using anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA HRP). WGA HRP was injected into the exposed DRG, and after 3 days the animals were sacrificed and sections of spinal cord and brainstem were processed with tetramethylbenzidine and examined for anterograde transport. Labeled fiber terminals were identified in the dorsal horn and the central cervical nucleus in the spinal cord, and in the intermediate nucleus, cuneate nucleus. external cuneate nucleus and the caudal portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the brainstem. The projection of primary sensory fibers to the visceral NTS is suggestive of a functional relationship between upper cervical and vagal nerve afferents. The potential association of these nerves with clinical problems of headache and other ccphalgias is of interest.
Ascending collaterals of cutaneous neurons in the fasciculus gracilis of the cat
Brain Research, 1976
Primary sensory neurons with myelinated axons in the sural nerve of the cat were found to be divisible into 3 systems on the basis of the length of their central collaterals in the dorsal columns. The short system consists of neurons that ascend only a segment or two in the fasciculus gracilis above their level of entry into the spinal cord. It is composed of all neurons with peripheral conduction velocities in the A6 range and thus includes both D hair and nociceptive neurons. Approximately 35 ~ of the Aa neurons join the intermediate system and ascend 4-12 segments before leaving the dorsal columns. This system is composed of all sural type I neurons, as well as about 40 ~ of the G2 hair, 40 ~ of the intermediate field, and 50 ~ of the F2 field neurons in the nerve. Those nociceptive neurons conducting at Aa velocities also contribute to the intermediate system. The remaining G2 hair, intermediate field, and F2 field neurons, together with almost all the sural type II, Ga hair, intermediate hair, and F1 field neurons, join the long system and ascend to the nucleus gracilis. Fibers in the intermediate system showed a relatively abrupt decrease in conduction velocity usually of 50 ~ or more (median 71 ~) a few millimeters rostral to their entry into the spinal cord. Members of the long system also decreased in conduction velocity at this point, but the magnitude of the change was typically less than 50 ~ of the peripheral velocity (median 36~). In addition, the ascending collaterals of the long system underwent a second reduction in conduction velocity near the cervical enlargement.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 1986
Evidence is given of the location in man of the fibres going to the sympathetic neurons of the lateral horn that supply the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the eye and the sweat glands of the head and neck. For the region of the pons and medulla, the evidence is abstracted from the literature. For the cervical spinal cord, the evidence is from our cases of anterolateral cordotomy. In the medulla, thrombosis of the artery of the fossette laterale destroys the fibres; this locates the fibres in the posterolateral retro-olivary area. But not all fibres to the sudomotor neurons lie there: some run elsewhere, though they probably remain ipsilateral. In the cervical cord, the fibres supplying the sympathetic neurons of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the eye run near the posterior angle of the anterior horn. Most of the fibres supplying the sudomotor neurons lie in the same region, though some lie outside this area but on the same side of the cord. This paper presents evidence on the location within the human spinal cord of the pathways running from the hypothalamus to the preganglionic sympathetic neurons supplying intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the eye and the sweat glands of the head and neck. The location of these pathways above the spinal cord is abstracted from the literature; our evidence concerns the location within the cervical cord. Evidence that occlusion of the superior cerebellar artery causes ptosis, miosis and absence of sweating in the ipsilateral side of the face was presented by Freeman and Jaffe' and Luhan and Pollack.2 Luhan and Pollack's fig 3 is given here as fig I and their fig 1 is given as fig 2. In the case illustrated here by fig 1, there was softening in the distribution of the right superior cerebellar artery. The region involved was the caudal mesencephalic tegmentum and adjacent region of the pons. In the case illustrated by fig 2, the left superior cerebellar artery "appeared like a thick white string." There was an area of softening in the tegmentum of the rostral pons, just beneath the locus coeruleus. Thus these authors showed that a fairly small lesion in
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1994
Previous studies suggest that neurons in the dorsomedial subdivisions of trigeminal nucleus oralis (Vo) may contribute to reflex control of jaw movements and to modulation of sensory information. The present study has addressed this possibility by the use of intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase of physiologically identified neurons in Vo to examine functional and morphological properties of these neurons. Of 14 labeled neurons, eight had axon collaterals terminating exclusively in the dorsolateral subdivision of the trigeminal motor nucleus (DL neurons) and four in its ventromedial subdivision (VM neurons); axon collaterals of two neurons were not traced. Both groups of neurons sent terminal arbors into other nuclei of the lower brainstem. The DL neurons were distinguishable from the VM neurons in their receptive field (RF) location, neuronal position, somadendritic architecture, and projections to other brainstem nuclei. All neurons, except for two that were exclusively activated by noxious stimuli applied to the tongue, were responsive to light mechanical stimulation of peri-and intraoral structures. The RFs of the DL neurons were located in more posterior oral structures than those of the VM neurons. The RF of nearly all low-threshold DL neurons was located in the maxillary region, and that of the VM neurons, in contrast, involved the mandibular region. The VM neurons were located medial or ventral to the DL neurons. The soma size of the VM neurons was significantly larger than that of the DL neurons, Dendritic arbors of both groups could be separated into medial and lateral components. The ratio of the dendritic transverse areas in the medial vs. lateral component was significantly higher in the VM neurons than in the DL neurons. The DL neurons also issued collaterals that terminated in larger brainstem areas than those of the VM neurons. These observations provide new evidence on the morphological and functional properties of Vo neurons that contribute to reflex control of jaw and facial movements and modulation of sensory information.
The ethmoidal nerve innervates the nasal mucosa and constitutes the afferent limb of several upper airway protective reflexes. Protective reflexes, such as sneezing, coughing, and apnea, are those reflexes that either expel foreign substances from the respiratory tract or stop them from gaining access to the lungs. The afferents for nasal receptors are thought to be a part of the trigeminal system rather than olfactory in nature. The objective of this study was to localize the cell bodies of these ethmoidal afferents and to trace the central projections of these neurons. Horseradish peroxidase was applied to the ethmoidal nerve in 11 adult cats. Following a survival period of 48-72 hours, the animals were killed and the tissue was processed according to the tetramethylbenzidine method. Reaction product was localized in cell bodies within the trigeminal ganglion, concentrated caudal to the entrance of the ophthalmic trunk of the trigeminal nerve. Transganglionic projections to the spinal trigeminal nucleus were localized primarily in the subnucleus interpolaris and in layers I and I1 of the subnucleus caudalis.
Brain Research, 1985
Key words: dorsal root --single fiber activity --ventral root afferents --C-fibers Action potentials were recorded from the L7 or S1 dorsal root of the cat following stimulation of the peripheral end of the cut ventral root of the same segment. Conversely, action potentials were also recorded from the ventral root while stimulating the peripheral end of the cut dorsal root. Based on the conduction velocities of 52 single fibers, one-third were A6-fibers and the remaining two-thirds belonged to the C-fiber category. These results suggest that there are both A-and C-fibers in continuity between the dorsal and the ventral root. Correspondence: J, M. Chung, Marine Biomedical Institute, 200 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77550-2772 (U.S.A.) 0006-8993/85/$03.30