Characterisation of Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae) seed oil and defatted cake from Benin (original) (raw)
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Influence of Fruit Maturity on the Hypoglycin a Level in Ackee (Blighia Sapida)
Journal of Food Safety, 1991
Ackee fruit representing a range of maturities were analyzed for hypoglycin A (hyp A ) content. Hyp A in the arilli (edible flesh) dropped from over 1000 ppm to undetectable (<O.l ppm) as the fruit matured (i.e., pod colored up, split and opened fully). At all stages the seed contained appreciable hyp A,-1000 ppm, and the membrane mirrored aril levels. These analyses support earlier observations that unopened or parrially opened ackee should not be consumed, whereas fruit which open naturally to > 15 mm lobe separation pose little health hazard, provided that all seed and membrane portions are removed. Bright red, full sized ackee should never be forced open f o r human use.
2015
The phytochemical properties and fatty acid composition of ripe and unripe Blighia sapida (ackee) seed as well as the physicochemical properties of the seed oil were quantified using standard analytical techniques. The common bioactive constituents; alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and phenols were present in both seed samples. The ripe and unripe ackee seeds contained (mg/100g); tannins 4662.83±15.4, phenols 317.20±0.89 and flavonoids 5.17±0.09 were more in the ripe ackee seeds while alkaloids 0.48±0.02 and saponins 4208.33±17.61 were higher in the unripe ackee seeds. The ripe and unripe ackee seeds had an average oil yield of 15.61±0.01% and 14.05±0.02% respectively. The specific gravity of the ripe and unripe ackee seeds oil were 0.91±0.01and 0.90±0.00 mgcm-3 , while the saponification value of 96.77±0.03mg/g, acid value 66.09±0.11 mg/g, ester value 33.45±0.23 mg/g, iodine value 2.26±0.01 mg/g and peroxide value 2.05±1.15 mg/g were higher in the unripe ackee apple seeds. Gas chromatography of the ackee seed oil showed erucic acid, nhexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 9-octadecanoic acid, 11-eicosenoic acid, eicosanoic acid and octadec-9-enoic acid as the major fatty acids present in the oil. This study shows that ackee seeds may find use in the production of therapeutic agents and industrial oil.
Pharmacognostical studies on fruits of Babbula-Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile
Babbula is an important traditional medicinal plant in Ayurveda and Unani systems of medicine. All parts of the plant are useful as medicine/therapeutic agents to cure various ailments. Its bark is useful in cough, bronchitis, diarrhoea, dysentery, biliousness, burning sensation, piles, leucoderma, urinary discharges, ascites etc. Levaes are useful in bronchitis, piles, liver tonic, healing of fractures, eye diseases and the fruit is astringent to the bowls, cures biliousness. The gum cures biliousness, leprosy, liver tonic, urinary discharges, vaginal and uterine discharges, healing of fractures, sour throat, lung troubles etc. The flowers are a powerful tonic and good for insanity. Fruits are useful dysentery and in ophthalmia. Though all parts of the plant are used for curing in different ailments many works have carried out on gum, bark, seeds and leaves. But Pharmacognostical work has not been carried out on pods/fruits. Hence, we have carried out macro microscopiacal, powder studies, physico-chemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the fruits of Acacia nilotica. The microscopic studies revealed the presence of elongated macrosclerides, abundant small starch grains and oil globules, uni seriate short tuffted trichomes, small rounded stone cells, lumen filled with brown content of tannin and thick walled parenchymatous cells of mesocarp region. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, phenols, steroids and tannins.
Molecules
Fruit plants have been widely used by the population as a source of food, income and in the treatment of various diseases due to their nutritional and pharmacological properties. The aim of this study was to review information from the most current research about the phytochemical composition, biological and toxicological properties of four fruit species widely used by the world population in order to support the safe medicinal use of these species and encourage further studies on their therapeutic properties. The reviewed species are: Talisia esculenta, Brosimum gaudichaudii, Genipa americana, and Bromelia antiacantha. The review presents the botanical description of these species, their geographical distribution, forms of use in popular medicine, phytochemical studies and molecules isolated from different plant organs. The description of the pharmacological mechanism of action of secondary metabolites isolated from these species was detailed and toxicity studies related to them we...
Nutritional and haemagglutination properties of several tropical seeds
J. Agric. Sci. 124, 437-445., 1995
S U M M A R Y The nutritional potential of a number of raw tropical seeds was assessed in a series of feeding trials with rats. Seed lectin reactivity was also monitored, a-amylase and trypsin inhibitory activities were determined in some of the seeds. Abelmosclius esculentus, Chenopodium quinoa, Delonix regia, Macroptilium lathyroides, Papaver sonmiferum, Parkia biglandulosa, Sesbania arabica, Terminalia catappa, Vigna subterranea, Vigna umbellata and Vigna unguiculata seeds supported moderate rat growth. The seeds contained only low levels of essentially non-toxic lectin, moderate amounts of trypsin inhibitors and negligible quantities of a-amylase inhibitors and they have great potential as dietary protein sources for man and animals. Artocarpus altilis, Canavalia ensiformis, Canavalia maritima, Dioclea grandiflora, Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus coccineus and Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Processor, cv. Rosinha G2 and cv. Carioca 80 seeds were toxic. These seeds contained high levels of potentially toxic lectins. Other anti-nutritional factors may also have contributed to the high oral toxicity of some of these seeds. Albizia adinocephala, Albizia lebbeck, Bauhinia violacea, Cassia nodosa, Cassia tora, Dioclea sclerocarpa, Entada phaseoloides, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Leucaena leucocephala and Moringa oleifera seeds were also highly toxic but had only low levels of essentially non-toxic lectins suggesting that the toxicity was due to other anti-nutritional factors. Bauhinia reticulata, Macrotyloma uniflorum and Tamarindus indica proteins were poorly digested and utilized. The seeds contained low levels of lectins which agglutinated only rat and cattle erythrocytes which had been pre-treated with suitable proteases. Brownea macrophylla had a similar lectin reactivity.
Exploration of Medicinal Properties of Fruits for Health and Nutritional Security
Progressive Agriculture, Year : 2012, Volume : 11(Issue : conf): 225- 233 Print ISSN : 0972-6152. Online ISSN : 0976-4615.
It is well known fact that there is side effect of allopathic medicines, therefore people are slowly switching over to Ayurvedic and other traditional system of medicines. Nearly 8000 medicinal plants having curative properties are used for their medicinal and personal hygiene. World is endowed with a rich wealth of medicinal plants. Herbs have always been the principal form of medicines in India and presently they are becoming popular through out the developed world. Medicinal plants also play an important role in the healthy lives of rural people, particularly in remote areas. China is presently the world leader followed by India and other counties in the production of herbal raw material. In human nutrition and health. fruits, being a 'protective food', play an important role for balance diet. They provide not only energy with foods but also protective nutrients like vitamins and minerals. Apart from normal uses many fruits have useful medicinal values for curing diseases like scurvy, night blindness, stomach disorders, bilious problems, diabetes, skin diseases, ophthalmia, haemorrhages, ulcers, etc. Present paper deals with medicinal properties and uses of different parts of some common fruit trees viz. Aonla, Banana, Bael, Ber, Custard apple , Lime, Mango, Pomegranate etc.
Edible dry fruits and seeds in combating second wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal, 2021
Dry fruits and few edible seeds are very common consumableitems with the rich source of polyphenolic compounds. Many other phytochemicals are also present in dry fruits and shows significant antioxidant activity that further correlated to get rid of many health complications. These fruits are commonly known as dry fruits or super foods with the rich content of proteins, vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre. They are well known for their immuno modulatory activities with various medicinal applications, especially as antiviral activity. The ongoing COVID outbreak has posed a serious threat to global health sector. At present, the second wave of coronavirus is already has started and gradually increasing day by day in worldwide which arestronger and much more detrimental for the people including in India. In connection with the previous history, it is obvious to increase immunity to fight against the pandemic virus. In the present manuscript, some important dry fruits and seeds are selected which have dual characters, i.e., potent immune boosting property along with antiviral efficacy. Various phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, sesquiterpenes, benzoic compounds were reportedly isolated from these plant extracts those are having strong antiviral as well as immune boosting properties. Therefore, the detail study of these dry fruits and seeds with their sources, chemicals responsible for the therapeutic efficacy, their structural nature, and potent uses along with their combined preparations as home as remedies in boosting immunity and also to resist the viral infection are discussed. The article will focus to the researchers for detailed ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on these dry fruit and seed plants used to treat as immuno modulators as well as in the development of novel antiviral drugs.
Nutraceutical Potential of Two Wild Edible Fruits Growing in Sub-Sahara Region of Nigeria
2017
This work was carried out to assess nutraceutical values of two prominent wild edible fruit, Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart. and Borassus aethiopum Mart. from family Arecaceae . Determination of phytochemical, proximate, minerals and antioxidant potentials were carried out. The proximate analysis of the moisture, ash content and crude fat reveals (6.74%, 6.88%, 7.29%, 6.53% and 7.10%, 7.23%) for H. thebaica and B. aethiopum respectively. The B. aethiopum ranked highest in crude fibre (32.15% ), while the highest carbohydrate content was determined in H. thebaica (65.90% ), the protein content of both fruits were observed to be low (8.33±1.4%) and (3.34% ) for H. thebaica and B. aethiopum , respectively. The mineral analysis revealed that in both samples sodium (Na) was highest 14.06mg/g in B. aethiopum and 14.54mg/g, in H. thebaica , Calcium (Ca) 6.20mg/g in B. aethiopum and H. thebaica 5.00±0.06, Potassium (K), 4.57mg/g in B. aethiopum and H. thebaica 5.60mg/g, Magnesium (Mg) 2.03mg/g...
Chemical characterization of seeds of Amazon fruits as nutritional contribution with functional medicinal potential, 2020
The fruit seeds of the Northern Amazon Region were evaluated bromatologically and nutritionally in terms of the level of macro-and micro-elements and fatty acids present in them. Bromatologically, the seeds of camu-camu (369.08 kcal 100 g-1) and biribá (364.78 kcal 100 g-1) have the highest energy value. In terms of the macroelements, the highest concentration was potassium (554.23 mg 100 g-1) seen in graviola, followed by magnesium (123.11 mg 100 g-1) in biribá. In terms of micronutrients, the highest concentrations are zinc (4.14 mg 100 g-1) and manganese (4.12 mg 100 g-1) in abiu seeds. The fatty acids composition of the seeds studied had a higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. Among the most saturated is palmitic acid with a concentration of 40.4% for taperebá seeds while among the unsaturated is oleic acid with a concentration of 47.4% for bacuparí seeds.
Screening of Some Indigenous Wild Fruits for Anti-Nutritional Factors
ABSTRACT Aim: The levels of some anti-nutritional factors of some common indigenous wild fruits were assessed in order to determine their safety, since these fruits are widely eaten by the indigenes. Study Design: Five samples each of Chrysophyllum albidum (White Star Apple or Local Cherry), Persea americana (avocado pear) Dinnettia tripetala (pepper fruit), Diallium guineense (velvet tamarind), Annona muricata (Soursop) and Citrullus lanatus (water melon) sold in Railway market in Makurdi metropolis were collected and analysed for some anti-nutritional factors (hydrogen cyanide, phytate, tannins, alkaloids and oxalate). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Chemistry, Benue State University Makurdi between April and May, 2014. Methodology: The analysis was conducted using standard methods. Results: The results of hydrogen cyanide ranged between 0.01 mg/100g, to 0.31 mg/100g Tannins level in the fruits range between 0.03 mg/100g to 65.97 mg/100g. Alkaloids contents of the fruits were general very low (0.01 mg/100g to 0.11 mg/100g). The level of phytate observed in the fruits was found to be in the range 0.04 mg/100g to 0.43 g/100g. Oxalate was found to range between 0.01 mg/100g to 0.53 mg/100g. Conclusion: The result indicates that all the fruits had varying contents of the anti-nutritional factors which should be removed during processing hence continuous consumption may lead to a cumulative effect which may be hazardous to heath.