Patterns of protein synthesis in dormant and growing vegetative buds of pea (original) (raw)

Dormancy-associated gene expression in pea axillary buds

Planta, 1998

Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) axillary buds can be stimulated to cycle between dormant and growing states. Dormant buds synthesize unique proteins and are as metabolically active as growing buds. Two cDNAs, PsDRM1 and PsDRM2, were isolated from a dormant bud library. The deduced amino acid sequence of PsDRM1 (111 residues) is 75% identical to that of an auxin-repressed strawberry clone. PsDRM2 encodes a putative protein containing 129 residues, which includes 11 repeats of the sequence [G]-GGGY [H][N] (the bracketed residues may be absent). PsDRM2 is related to cold-and ABA-stimulated clones from alfalfa. Decapitating the terminal bud rapidly stimulates dormant axillary buds to begin growing. The abundance of PsDRM1 mRNA in axillary buds declines 20-fold within 6 h of decapitation; it quickly reaccumulates when buds become dormant again. The level of PsDRM2 mRNA is about three fold lower in growing buds than in dormant buds. Expression of PsDRM1 is enhanced in other non-growing organs (roots )root apices; fully-elongated stems >elongating stems), and thus is an excellent``dormancy'' marker. In contrast, PsDRM2 expression is not dormancy-associated in other organs.

Review: A current review on the regulation of dormancy in vegetative buds

Weed Science, 2001

In this review, we examine current techniques and recent advances directed toward understanding cellular mechanisms involved in controlling dormancy in vegetative propagules. Vegetative propagules (including stems, rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, stolons, creeping roots, etc.) contain axillary and adventitious buds capable of producing new stems/branches under permissive environments. Axillary and adventitious buds are distinct in that axillary buds are formed in the axil of leaves and are responsible for production of lateral shoots (branches). Adventitious buds refer to buds that arise on the plant at places (stems, roots, or leaves) other than leaf axils. Both axillary and adventitious buds generally undergo periods of dormancy. Dormancy has been described as a temporary suspension of visible growth of any plant structure containing a meristem . Dormancy can be subdivided into three categories: (1) ecodormancy-arrest is under the control of external environmental factors; (2) paradormancy-arrest is under the control of external physiological factors within the plant; and (3) endodormancy-arrest is under the control of internal physiological factors. One common feature in all of these processes is prevention of growth under conditions where growth should otherwise continue. There is growing evidence that lack of growth is due to blockage of cell division resulting from interactions between the signaling pathways controlling dormancy and those controlling the cell cycle.

Gene expression and proteomic analysis of shoot apical meristem transition from dormancy to activation in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Scientific reports, 2016

In contrast to annual plants, in perennial plants, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) can undergo seasonal transitions between dormancy and activity; understanding this transition is crucial for understanding growth in perennial plants. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of SAM development in trees. Here, light and transmission electron microscopy revealed that evident changes in starch granules, lipid bodies, and cell walls thickness of the SAM in C. lanceolata during the transition from dormancy to activation. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed that levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) increased and levels of abscisic acid (ABA) decreased from dormant to active stage. Examination of 20 genes and 132 differentially expressed proteins revealed that the expression of genes and proteins potentially involved in cell division and expansion significantly increased in the active stage, whereas those related to the abscisic acid insensitive 3(ABI3), the cytoskeleton and energ...

Expression of beta-tubulin during dormancy induction and release in apical and axillary buds of five woody species

Physiologia Plantarum, 1999

Cell cycle activity was studied in apical and axillary buds of growing plant material, whereas in dormant buds the accumu-Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), apple (Malus 'M9'), lation was much lower or below detection level. It was obpedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), Scots pine (Pinus syl7es-served for all species that during dormancy induction the tris L.) and rose (Rosa corymbifera 'Laxa') during dormancy amount of beta-tubulin decreased, while during dormancy release a fast accumulation of beta-tubulin occurred. The induction and release. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that in dormant buds, cells mainly were quiescent at the G 0 /G 1 dynamics of the beta-tubulin accumulation reflected the dormancy status of tree buds of the five species studied suggesting phase, while in non-dormant buds, a significantly higher frequency of G 2 cells was found in all species. In western blots that the beta-tubulin level might be useful as a marker for the dormancy status in buds of temperate woody species. accumulation of 55 kDa beta-tubulin was found in active (Campbell et al. 1996). Nuclei isolated from growing potato sprouts display two populations, G 1 (27%) and G 2 (40%) (Suttle 1996). In ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) the cell cycle is blocked in G 0 /G 1 phase in dormant buds grown in nature and in vitro culture (Nougarede et al. 1996). Dormant axillary buds of pea (Pisum sati6um L.) contain G 1 and G 2 nuclei at a 3:1 ratio (Devitt and Stafstrom 1995). Based on the expression of RNA markers upon dormancy release, it is found that cells in dormant pea buds are arrested at either one of the three positions in the cell cycle, at mid-G 1 , at the G 1 /S and the S/G 2 boundary (Devitt and Stafstrom 1995). By introducing cell-division-linked chimeric genes into poplar (Populus tremula L.), Rohde et al. (1997) observed that these genes are hardly expressed in dormant axillary buds. In general, cells in dormant buds are mainly arrested at the G 0 /G 1 phase of the cell cycle and an increase in the number of G 2 cells coincides with the transition of the buds from a dormant state to active growth.

Auxin and Cytokinins in the Control of Apical Dominance in Pea — A Differential Response Due to Bud Position

Journal of Plant Physiology, 1999

Twenty one-day-old pea plants were used as a convenient model to investigate the release of axillary buds from apical dominance with respect to their serial position and the timing of events employed as indicators of growth changes. These were recorded in the second and fifth buds from the base, possessing the highest growth potential. The decapitation and consequent loss of apical dominance led to an increase in fresh weight of the fifth bud already after 24 h, with the similar but delayed response of the second bud. The rate of 32 P incorporation into buds had a similar pattern but appeared much earlier, as soon as 6 h after application. Decapitation significantly decreased the indole-3-acetic acid level in both buds already after 6 h. A rise in the cytokinin content was observed already after 6 h following decapitation, with the highest increment in isopentenyladenosine and zeatin riboside. IAA treatment of the decapitated plants simulated to various degrees an intact apex and eliminated the effects of decapitation. These results are in favour of both auxin and cytokinin involvement in the control of apical dominance.

Axillary meristem development. Budding relationships between networks controlling flowering, branching, and photoperiod responsiveness

Plant physiology, 2003

Arumingtyas EL, Floyd RS, Gregory MJ, Murfet IC (1992) Branching in Pisum: inheritance and allelism tests with 17 ramosus mutants. Pisum Genet 24: 17-31 Beveridge CA (2000) Long distance signalling and a mutational analysis of branching in pea. Plant Growth Regul 32: 193-203 Beveridge CA, Batge SL, Ross JJ, Murfet IC (2001) Hormone physiology of pea mutants prevented from flowering by mutations gi or veg1. Physiol Plant 113: 285-291 Beveridge CA, Murfet IC (1996) The gigas mutant in pea is deficient in the floral stimulus. Physiol Plant 96: 637-645 Beveridge CA, Symons GM, Murfet IC, Ross JJ, Rameau C (1997) The rms1 mutant of pea has elevated indole-3-acetic acid levels and reduced rootsap zeatin riboside content but increased branching controlled by grafttransmissible signal(s). Plant Physiol 115: 1251-1258 Beveridge CA, Symons GM, Turnbull CGN (2000) Auxin inhibition of decapitation induced branching is dependent on graft-transmissible signals regulated by genes Rms1 and Rms2. Plant Physiol 123: 689-697 Bradley D, Ratcliffe O, Vincent C, Carpenter R, Coen E (1997) Inflorescence commitment and architecture in Arabidopsis. Science 275: 80-83 Cline MG (1994) The role of hormones in apical dominance: new approaches to an old problem in plant development. Physiol Plant 90: 230-237 Cline M (1996) Exogenous auxin effects on lateral bud outgrowth in decapitated shoots. Ann Bot 78: 255-266 Dixon RA, Sumner LW (2003) Legume natural products: understanding and manipulating complex pathways for human and animal health. Plant Physiol 131: 878-885 Ferguson CJ, Huber SC, Hong PH, Singer SR (1991) Determination for inflorescence development is a stable state, separable from determination for flower development in Pisum sativum L. buds. Planta 185: 518-522 Axillary Meristem Development

Axillary Meristem Development. Budding Relationships between Networks Controlling Flowering, Branching, and Photoperiod Responsiveness 1

Plant physiology

Signals regulating dormancy in vegetative buds

2007

Dormancy in plants involves a temporary suspension of meristem growth, thus insuring bud survival and maintenance of proper shoot system architecture. Dormancy regulation is a complex process involving interactions of various signals through specific and/or overlapping signal transduction pathways. In this review, environmental, physiological, and developmental signals affecting dormancy are discussed. Environmental signals such as temperature and light play crucial roles in regulating development and release of bud dormancy. Physiological signals including phytochrome, phytohormones, and sugar are associated with changes in dormancy status that occur when plants perceive environmental signals. Developmental signals such as flowering and senescence also have an effect on bud dormancy. Currently, many genes and/or gene products are known to be responsive directly or indirectly to these signals. The potential roles for these genes in dormancy progression are discussed.

The role of hormones in shoot apical meristem function

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2006

Plant organs are produced in meristems in a continuous and predictable but nevertheless flexible manner. Phytohormones and transcription factors cooperate to balance meristem maintenance and organ production. Recent research has provided clues to the mechanisms underlying this cooperation. KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) and WUSCHEL (WUS) transcription factors facilitate high cytokinin activity in the shoot apical meristem (SAM), whereas high gibberellin and auxin activities promote the initiation of lateral organs at specific sites in the SAM flanks.

Patterns of protein synthesis in dormant and growing vegetative buds of pea (original) (raw)

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