New measures of upper esophageal sphincter distensibility and opening patterns during swallowing in healthy subjects using EndoFLIP® (original) (raw)
Related papers
Upper esophageal sphincter impedance as a marker of sphincter opening diameter
AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2012
The measurement of the physical extent of opening of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) during bolus swallowing has to date relied on videofluoroscopy. Theoretically luminal impedance measured during bolus flow should be influenced by luminal diameter. In this study, we measured the UES nadir impedance (lowest value of impedance) during bolus swallowing and assessed it as a potential correlate of UES diameter that can be determined nonradiologically. In 40 patients with dysphagia, bolus swallowing of liquids, semisolids, and solids was recorded with manometry, impedance, and videofluoroscopy. During swallows, the UES opening diameter (in the lateral fluoroscopic view) was measured and compared with automated impedance manometry (AIM)-derived swallow function variables and UES nadir impedance as well as high-resolution manometry-derived UES relaxation pressure variables. Of all measured variables, UES nadir impedance was the most strongly correlated with UES opening diameter. Narro...
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2009
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of trial (i.e., Trial 1 vs. Trial 2); viscosity (i.e., saliva, thin, nectar-thick, honey-thick, and pudding-thick water); volume (i.e., 5 mL vs. 10 mL); age (i.e., young vs. older adults); and gender on pharyngeal (i.e., upper and lower) and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) pressures, durations, and onsets (i.e., onset of upper pharyngeal pressures relative to onsets of UES relaxations and onset of lower relative to upper pharyngeal pressures). Method: Twenty-three young adults (M = 30 years) and 21 older healthy adults (M = 75 years) participated. Measurements were acquired with a 2.1-mm catheter during simultaneous manometric and endoscopic swallowing assessment. Participants contributed 18 swallows, affording a study total of 792 swallows for analyses. Results: There was no significant effect of trial on any measurement of pressure, duration, and onset (ps = .63, .39, and .71, respectively). It was found that viscosity, volume, age, and gender affected pressure, duration, and onset measurements (e.g., onset of upper pharyngeal pressures relative to onsets of UES relaxations) but in varying degrees relative to the location in the pharynx or UES and the type of measurement (e.g., pressure, onset). Conclusions: Manometric measurements vary with respect to age, gender, and bolus variables and interactions of each. Consideration of these variables is paramount in understanding normal and pathological swallowing if manometry is to develop as a quantitative adjunct to videofluoroscopic and endoscopic swallowing tools.
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 2021
Background/Aims Integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) is defined as the average minimum esophagogastric junction pressure for 4 seconds of relaxation (contiguous or noncontiguous) within 10 seconds of swallowing. The durability of IRP values during successive swallows in the supine position remains to be elucidated. The aim is to determine alteration in IRP values during successive swallows among subjects with normal esophageal manometry versus those with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO). Methods Consecutive subjects, who underwent high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) were included in the study. Individuals had to have either normal manometry or EGJOO. A total of 10 wet swallows of 5 mL water were performed after an adaptation period of a minimum of 3 minutes. Mean IRP was analyzed for both subject groups for each individual swallow. Results Thirty-one patients with EGJOO and seventy patients with normal manometry were included. As expected, the median IRP was higher in EGJOO patients compared to those with normal HREM (mean: 23.92 vs 5.34, P < 0.001). The mean IRP of the last swallow was 40% lower than the mean IRP of the first swallow in the normal subjects (P = 0.015). In contrast, the difference in the mean IRP value in the EGJOO group between the first and the last swallow was 19% (P = 0.018). Conclusions This study demonstrated that there is a significant decline in the mean IRP during successive swallows in subjects with normal esophageal manometry and those with EGJOO, despite adequate adaptation periods. This decline in IRP was less pronounced in EGJOO.
Gut, 1988
Responses of the cricopharyngeal sphincter to graded intraluminal distension were studied in order to determine its response threshold and to define the functional relationship between the sphincter and oesophageal body. Nine normal subjects underwent manometric study using a multilumen tube with an attached inflatable balloon sited 10 cm below the sphincter. Sphincteric and oesophageal motor responses to six graded balloon inflations were recorded in each subject. The sphincter responded to distension with increasing rise in pressure, from a median value of 42-5 mmHg at lowest levels of distension to 95 mmHg at maximal tolerated distension. Non-swallow related contractile activity was stimulated in the oesophageal body proximal to the distension and increased in quantity as inflation progressed. Distal propagation of this secondary activity was progressively inhibited with increasing distension. These interrelated changes thus show the normal upper oesophageal clearance responses to intraluminal distension. It is suggested that their more widespread application, in addition to standard manometric techniques, might provide a more rational evaluation of those patients suspected to have impaired oesophageal clearance, but in whom standard manometry is non-diagnostic.
Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 2012
Background Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) lift seen on high-resolution manometry (HRM) is a possible surrogate marker of the longitudinal muscle contraction of the esophagus. Recent studies suggest that longitudinal muscle contraction of the esophagus induces LES relaxation. Aim Our goal was to determine: (i) the feasibility of prolonged ambulatory HRM and (ii) to detect LES lift with LES relaxation using ambulatory HRM color isobaric contour plots. Methods In vitro validation studies were performed to determine the accuracy of HRM technique in detecting axial movement of the LES. Eight healthy normal volunteers were studied using a custom designed HRM catheter and a 16 channel data recorder, in the ambulatory setting of subject's home environment. Color HRM plots were analyzed to determine the LES lift during swallow-induced LES relaxation as well as during complete and incomplete transient LES relaxations (TLESR). Key Results Satisfactory recordings were obtained for 16 h in all subjects. LES lift was small (2 mm) in association with swallow-induced LES relaxation. LES lift could not be measured during complete TLESR as the LES is not identified on the HRM color isobaric contour plot once it is fully relaxed. On the other hand, LES lift, mean 8.4 ± 0.6 mm, range: 4-18 mm was seen with incomplete TLESRs (n = 80). Conclusions & Inferences Our study demonstrates the feasibility of prolonged ambulatory HRM recordings. Similar to a complete TLESR, longitudinal muscle contraction of the distal esophagus occurs during incomplete TLESRs, which can be detected by the HRM. Using prolonged ambulatory HRM, future studies may investigate the temporal correlation between abnormal longitudinal muscle contraction and esophageal symptoms.
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2000
The aim of this study was to characterize the motion, morphology, and pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). The UES and its surrounding structures were evaluated in seven normal subjects and four human cadavers, using simultaneous high-resolution endoluminal sonography and manometry. The UES musculature on ultrasound is a C-shaped structure with an angle of 107 ± 19 • . The mean peak resting UES pressure was 74 mm Hg, with a total cross-sectional area (CSA) of 0.87 ± 0.33 cm 2 . During swallowing, the UES moved in an orad direction. Localizing the UES sonographically, the peak UES pressure in the cadavers was 19.7 ± 10.0 mm Hg. The UES has a greater muscular CSA and resting pressure than the upper esophageal body. In the cadaver studies, the UES was imaged in conjunction with a significant increase in pressure, indicating that the pressure is due to passive mechanical conformational changes. KEY WORDS: upper esophageal sphincter; endoluminal ultrasound; manometry; swallowing.
Dysphagia, 1990
The development of a solid-state intraluminal sphincter transducer has alleviated many of the problems associated with manometric studies of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and pharynx (P), We used this technology to study the effect of position (upright vs. supine) on resting UES pressures and the pressure dynamics of the UES/P complex during both wet and dry swallows in 11 normal volunteers and the effects of foods of different consistencies on the UES/P swallow dynamics in 10 normal volunteers. The UES/P coordination parameters were defined as the I5 time intervals that can be measured between any 2 of 6 pertinent points: the beginning, peak, and end of the pharyngeal contraction and the beginning, nadir, and end of the UES relaxation. Data tu both the circumferential transducer used to measure sphincter pressures and a standard microtransducer used to measure pharyngeal pressures were collected on-line by an Apple lie microcomputer and analyzed by programs written in our laboratory. Significant changes in swallow coordination were measured between upright and supine swallows of the same bolus size, between wet and dry swallows in the same position, and among t~ods of varying consistencies. Resting UES pressure was unchanged by position and pharyngeal contraction pressure was unchanged by bolus size or consistency.
The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology, 2014
At present, automated analysis of high-resolution manometry (HRM) provides details of upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxation parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of automatic analysis of UES relaxation parameters. One hundred and fifty three subjects (78 males, mean age 68.6 years, range 26-97) underwent HRM. UES relaxation parameters were interpreted twice, once visually (V) by two experts and once automatically (AS) using the ManoView ESO analysis software. Agreement between the two analysis methods was assessed using Bland-Altman plots and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The agreement between V and AS analyses of basal UES pressure (CCC 0.996; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.994-0.997) and residual UES pressure (CCC 0.918; 95% CI 0.895-0.936) was good to excellent. Agreement for time to UES…