The Hilltop Review, Winter 2014 (original) (raw)
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Socio-Physicochemical Interpretation of Theory on Emotions
Abstract Socio-Physicochemical Interpretation of Theory on Emotions Mirza Arshad Ali Beg arshadalibeg@gmail.com March 2015 The Schachter–Singer theory, or two-factor theory of emotion, states that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive label. The theory developed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome E. Singer, states that physiological arousal occurs when an emotion is felt, and the person uses the immediate environment to search for emotional cues to label the physiological arousal. This can sometimes cause misinterpretations of emotions based on the body’s physiological state. When the brain does not know why it feels an emotion it relies on external stimulation for cues on how to label the emotion. Misinterpretation of emotions is generally possible in case of social sciences because the latter is not exact science. The theory has been criticized; its criticism is based on the attempted replications of the Schachter and Singer (1962) study. Marshall and Zimbardo (1979, and Marshall 1976) tried to replicate the Schachter and Singer’s euphoria conditions. Another criticism on the Theory is primarily on the autonomic nervous system and provides no account of the emotional process within the central nervous system aside from signaling the role of cognitive factors. This is important considering the heavy implication of certain brain centers in mitigating emotional experience (e.g., fear and the amygdala). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-factor\_theory\_of\_emotion) Socio-Physicochemical Interpretation of Stress Situations The Theory on Emotions is in fact an alternative way to explain Stress – Strain relationship. Socio-Physicochemical principles do suggest that the two factors: physical and emotional are generally triggered by the events including extreme events e.g. terror. Inferences of the Two-factor Theory provide strong support to the Socio-Physicochemical Theory which holds that the aftermath of events is behavioural response that may give rise to organic symptoms (physical factors) as well as emotional (CNS related factors) symptoms. Events may trigger a mild or stressful stimulus; the brain’s natural tendency will then inflate or deflate the perceived frequency or severity of event. Strain induced by the stress results in physiological reactions such as tense muscles, rapid heartbeat and hysterical breathing. Stress and worry are fueled by the skewed perception of events. The aftermath of stress induced strain is behavioral reaction or response to physical and emotional danger. The behavioral and psychological symptoms that appear are indicators of the stress-strain relationship between stressor and the stressed (Physiological Responses to Terror, 23 APRIL 2011, Martha L. Hyde and http://marthalhyde.wordpress.com).
If something happens that you don ¶t like you might feel angry or sad. Conversely if something that you like happens, you may respond by being happy and smiling. Emotions are a very visible expression of the state of one ¶s mind, and one way to explore the reasons behind them is a cognitive theory. A cognitive theory generally puts emotions at the hands (or heads) of the person expressing them. So much so, that in cognitive theories, all emotions are given some genuine discernable cognitive thought. In this paper, we will explore current proposed cognitive oriented theories of emotion, comparing their similarities and contrasting their differences, as well as their reliance on actual cognitive thought processes.
Emotion, cognition, and decision making
Cognition & Emotion, 2000
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