Preliminary study on pollutant discharge from domestic wastewater and pollutant load in the river: a comparative study between Japan, Thailand and Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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Journal of Global …, 2008
Domestic wastewater pollutant discharges and water quality in the ambient water were studied in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Bangkok, Thailand. Water quality measurements with simple kits were identified to illustrate water quality profiles in and around these cities to some extent. Water quality in the Sitalakhaya River, Bangladesh, and in the peri-urban section of the Chao Phraya River, Thailand, vertical homogeneity was observed for parameters measured with a water quality data logger. Estimated pollutant discharges per capita were larger than those in Japan for BOD, TN and TP in Pak Kret Municipality, peri-urban of Bangkok, when seepage and septage from septic tank and leachate from composting ("seepages") were included. Introduction of wastewater treatment methods with larger removal rates should be considered for the ambient water quality improvement together with MDGs perspective of appropriate sanitation.
A study based on the physicochemical parameters and dissolved metals levels from three main rivers around Dhaka City, Bangladesh, was conducted in order to determine the present pollution status and their alteration trends with the seasonal change of discharge amount. The water samples were collected from the rivers Buriganga, Turag, and Shitalakkhya during both dry and monsoon seasons. Physicochemical analyses revealed that most of the water quality parameters exceeded the recommended levels set by the Department of Environment (DoE), Bangladesh, during both the dry and monsoon seasons. A very strong positive correlation was found between biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in all sampling points. Both BOD and COD values had a strong negative correlation with dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Shitalakkhya River. Most of the dissolved metals concentrations in the water samples were similar. However, the concentrations of different physicochemical properties varied with the seasons. The dry season had significantly higher contamination loads, which were decreased during the monsoon season. Anthropogenic activities, as well as the variation in river water flow during different seasons were the main reasons for this high degree of water pollution.
Journal of Water and Environment Technology, 2010
After several decades of water and sanitation sector development in developing countries, ambient water pollution is still one of the major environmental problems. Safe and convenient sanitation, toilet use, public health issues, hygiene behavior and ambient water quality improvement are purposes and benefits of sanitation. The sanitation indicator of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) showed that the proportion of population with access to improved sanitation in Thailand was 99 % in 2004, however, ambient water quality deterioration is still a major environmental problem. Therefore, pollutant discharge and affordability should be discussed in a quantitative manner. In this paper, municipal wastewater pollutant discharge contribution to ambient water pollutant loads was given attention. The pollutant load per capita flowing into water body (PLC wb) were estimated as 7.2 g-BOD person-1 day-1 , 9.2 g-TN person-1 day-1 and 1.2 g-TP person-1 day-1 , in Pak Kret Municipality, a peri-urban area of Bangkok, Thailand. PLC wb can evaluate both anthropogenic pollutant removal effects of wastewater treatment systems and natural purification effects in ambient water. Scenario-based analysis showed water quality improvement in the Chao Phraya River to be 0.12-0.26 mg-BOD l-1 , 0.19-0.33 mg-TN l-1 and 0.03-0.05 mg-TP l-1 compared to the current annual average water quality of 1.94 mg-BOD l-1 , 1.19 mg-TN l-1 , and 0.22 mg-TP l-1. Pollutant discharges per capita (PDCs) estimation results and cost-benefit comparison results showed the effectiveness of PDCs to evaluate various municipal wastewater treatment systems.
Modern Applied Science, 2015
The research was focused on determining dilatability of traveling mass water from Phetchaburi diversion dam on high concentrated community wastewater that flowing into Phetchaburi river. The mass water quality was sampled at six-consecutive measuring stations from Phetchaburi diversion dam to the river mouth with various distances of traveling, and analyzed for 27 environmental indicators before employing ANOVA ANALYSIS which resulted with highly significant differences between indicator and station only BOD, COD, TSS, and turbidity. When the linear regression was employed to determine both the water quality indicators in relation to discharges (10, 15, 20, and 25 cms.) and the traveling distances, resulting the determination coefficients of 0.93 for BOD, 0.80 for COD, 0.83 for TSS, and 0.50 for turbidity. Only BOD value is included in the list of surface water quality standards. After employing the derived equations to calculate BOD in comparison with observed value, then it was chosen to support the decision of required BOD for 3 mg/L at Muang Municipal Bridge together with discharge of 10-15 cms from Phetchaburi diversion dam. If more or less this range in summer period, the dilatability of high contaminant concentration was decreased 2-10 folds due to less mass water flow and washing off organic and solid wastes from flooding along the riverbanks. Furthermore, the traveling mass water from diversion dam is possibly eligible to dilute the high concentrated wastewater from dense and populated community but the diluted mixture depending on the amount and concentration of wastewater inflow.
PLOS water, 2022
River Ganges (locally called as river Ganga) is one of the most scared rivers in India. The river is symbol of hope, faith and is worshipped for its wholesomeness due to its purity and sanctity. Pollution of river water due to anthropogenic activity is a very common issue worldwide. Similarly, river Ganga pollution in India throughout its entire courses, is a major concern due to city outfalls. This river, also named as river Hooghly in West Bengal, India, is exposed to outfalls carrying domestic wastewater of its both bank and their distribution in river Ganga is strongly influenced by season and tide. This study aimed to generate an idea of distance and direction wise changes of concentration of pollutants in wastewater in river Ganga. During 2014, the selection of five major outfalls was done by considering Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), heavy metals, total fecal coliform level, and the study continued for next four consecutive years to find out the influence of tide and season. Geographical Information System (GIS) based maps provided a better reflection of these changes. Student's t-test highlighted the significant changes in concentration of parameters season wise. A significant higher value of DO, BOD, nitrate nitrogen, and chloride were found in pre-monsoon season compared to monsoon season. Regression Equation generated for highly correlated parameters (coliform and heavy metals) helped to predict the level of one parameter with others. The zone of influence of BOD, DO, phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen from each of the five selected outfalls was very prominent. Acoustic Doppler current profiler at two of the five outfalls helped to estimate strip-wise depth average discharge which helped to estimate the value of water quality parameters by Plug Flow Model during high tide and low tide. A strong tidal variation was observed during low tide. This study helped to predict the influential zone from outfalls which will help to generate an alternative solution of river water use. This approach can be applied globally to prepare river water usage guidelines.
Frontiers in Public Health, 2022
Dhaka, the capital city, which is the nerve center of Bangladesh, is crisscrossed by six different rivers. A network of peripheral rivers connects the city and functions as a natural drainage system for a massive amount of wastewater and sewage by the increased number of inhabitants impacting the overall environmental soundness and human health. This study intended to identify and characterize the outfalls along the peripheral rivers of Dhaka city with the assessment of different pollution indices such as comprehensive pollution index (CPI), organic pollution index (OPI), and ecological risk indices (E RI). The study evaluated the status of the pollution in the aquatic system in terms of ambient water quality parameters along the peripheral rivers due to discharge from outfalls with a particular focus on waste load contribution. Among the identified outfalls, the majority are industrial discharge (60%), and some are originated from municipal (30%), or domestic sewers (10%). Water quality parameters such as suspended solids (SS), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5), and Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH 3-N) for most of the peripheral rivers deviated by as much as 40-50% from industrial discharge standards by the environment conservation rules, Bangladesh, 1997. Based on the CPI, the rivers Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, and Turag could be termed as severely polluted (CPI > 2.0), while the OPI indicated heavy organic pollutant (OPI > 4) contamination in the Dhaleshwari and Buriganga rivers. The associated pollution indices demonstrate a trend for each subsequent peripheral river with significant pollution toward the downstream areas. The demonstrated waste loading map from the outfalls identified sources of significant environmental contaminants in different rivers leading to subsequent ecological risks. The study outcomes emphasize the necessity of systematic investigation and monitoring while controlling the point and non-point urban pollution sources discharging into the peripheral rivers of Dhaka city.
Temporal Patterns of Water Quality Variation in Khlong U-Tapao River Basin, Thailand
International Journal of Geomate
Temporal patterns of water quality variation in Khlong U-Tapao river basin of Thailand were analyzed for 21stations along the river basin. This research objective is to study correlation of water quality by temporal variation of climatic-hydrology in years of 2007-2013. Using multivariate statistical analysis to analyze water quality of dataset 9 parameters such as pH, water temperature (WT), turbidity (TB), conductivity (CD), dissolved oxygen, (DO) biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total coliform bacteria (TCB), fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) and Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N). The results show that seasonal change has affected to water quality by variation of climatic-hydrologic parameters. The climatic-hydrologic water quality relationship is maximum climatic temperature had positive with WT but negative with NH3-N. The temporal hydrologic-water quality relationship is precipitation had positive with TB but negative with WT, pH and DO. Water inflow had positive with TB but negative with WT and CD. Water outflow had positive with TB and DO but negative with WT. Water level had positive with TB, BOD and TCB. The spatial-temporal hydrologic-water quality relationship is river cross-section had positive with WT and CD but negative with DO. The assessment from multiple linear regression equations can explain water quality variations by climatic-hydrologic factors. Therefore, water quality management should be consideration climatic-hydrologic variation to provide basal information for developing improved water pollution control procedures of Khlong U-Tapao river basin.
Water, 2022
The Pasur River is a vital reservoir of surface water in the Sundarbon area in Bangladesh. Mongla seaport is located on the bank of this river. Many industries and other commercial sectors situated in this port area are discharging waste into the river without proper treatment. For this reason, geospatial analysis and mapping of water pollutant distribution were performed to assess the physicochemical and toxicological situation in the study area. We used different water quality indices such as Metal Index (MI), Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI), and Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index Method (WQI) to improve the understanding of pollution distribution and processes determining the quality of river water. Multivariate statistical methods were used to evaluate loads and sources of pollutants in the Pasur River system. The results indicate that the sources of contaminants are both geogenic and anthropogenic, including untreated or poorly treated wastewater from industries and urban domestic waste discharge. The concentration range of total suspended solid (TSS), chloride, iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were from 363.2 to 1482.7, 108.2 to 708.93, 1.13 to 2.75, and 0.19 to 1.41 mg/L, respectively, significantly exceeding the health-based guideline of WHO and Bangladeshi standards. The high Fe and Mn contents are contributions from geogenic and anthropogenic sources such as industrial waste and construction activities. The average pH value was 8.73, higher than the WHO and Bangladeshi standard limit. WQI (ranging from 391 to 1336), CPI (6.71 to 23.1), and MI (7.23 to 23.3) were very high and greatly exceeded standard limits indicating that the Pasur River water is highly polluted. The results of this study can be used as a first reference work for developing a surface water quality monitoring system and guide decisionmakers for priorities regarding wastewater treatment.
International Journal of Scientific Research, 2012
The study was carried out to evaluate the status of water quality parameters in Nabaganqa river, Jhenidah, the south western part of Bangladesh during the period from June 2012 to May2013.At present aquatic environments are seriously polluted by unplanned developments, rapid urbanization, overexploitation of fish, soil erosion and withdrawal of water for agriculture practices, excessive use of agrochemicals sewage from domestic and industrial sources.. In order to protect these valuable resources, it was necessary to measure the physiochemical properties of water. The obtained results showed that Temperature and pH are within the standard limit. Alkalinity, COD, Hardness, Free CO2, Organic carbon exceed permissible limit. Rich content of Nitrate and Phosphate is due to large agricultural practices by the riverside areas. DO levels are fluctuated in different stations but stays within safe limit and suitable for aquatic organic organisms.