Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials (original) (raw)
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Research review paper Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials
Silver has been in use since time immemorial in the form of metallic silver, silver nitrate, silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of burns, wounds and several bacterial infections. But due to the emergence of several antibiotics the use of these silver compounds has been declined remarkably. Nanotechnology is gaining tremendous impetus in the present century due to its capability of modulating metals into their nanosize, which drastically changes the chemical, physical and optical properties of metals. Metallic silver in the form of silver nanoparticles has made a remarkable comeback as a potential antimicrobial agent. The use of silver nanoparticles is also important, as several pathogenic bacteria have developed resistance against various antibiotics. Hence, silver nanoparticles have emerged up with diverse medical applications ranging from silver based dressings, silver coated medicinal devices, such as nanogels, nanolotions, etc.
Development and Experimental Evaluation of Some Silver Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Potential
Processes
By adjusting the synthesis process, silver nanoparticles (AgNp) of various shapes, sizes, and structures can be obtained, all of which have a substantial impact on the biological effect, notably, the regulation of antibacterial activity in the present circumstances of growing bacterial resistance. Due to their relatively small size, nanoparticles may be disseminated evenly throughout the body of the experimental animal, even at low doses, and exert more potent antibacterial activities. Our research was centered on the synthesis, production, and biological evaluation of antibacterial silver nanoparticles. Using the Turkevich method, we were able to effectively synthesize and characterize nanoscale silver particles, with an average crystallite size of 9.49 nm. We examined their acute toxicity and pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats after administering a single dosage. In addition, we evaluated the biological effect of topical AgNp suspension on the progression of burn-type lesions...
Silver Nanoparticles: A New View on Mechanistic Aspects on Antimicrobial Activity
Silver nanoparticles are well known potent antimicrobial agents. Although significant progresses have been achieved on the elucidation of antimicrobial mechanism of silver nanoparticles, the exact mechanism of action is still not completely known. This overview incorporates a retrospective of previous reviews published and recent original contributions on the progress of research on antimicrobial mechanisms of silver nanoparticles. The main topics discussed include release of silver nanoparticles and silver ions, cell membrane damage, DNA interaction, free radical generation, bacterial resistance and the relationship of resistance to silver ions versus resistance to silver nanoparticles. The focus of the overview is to summarize the current knowledge in the field of antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. The possibility that pathogenic microbes may develop resistance to silver nanoparticles is also discussed.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE AND ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Nanotecnología
Nanotechnology is expected to open some new aspects to fight and prevent diseases using atomic scale tailoring of materials. The ability to uncover the structure and function of biosystems at the nanoscale, stimulates research leading to improvement in biology, biotechnology, medicine and healthcare. The size of nanomaterials is similar to that of most biological molecules and structures; therefore, nanomaterials can be useful for both in vivo and in vitro biomedical research and applications. The integration of nanomaterials with biology has led to the development of diagnostic devices, contrast agents, analytical tools, physical therapy applications, and drug delivery vehicles. In all the nanomaterials with antibacterial properties, metallic nanoparticles are the best. Nanoparticles increase chemical activity due to crystallographic surface structure with their large surface to volume ratio. The importance of bactericidal nanomaterials study is because of the increase in new resistant strains of bacteria against most potent antibiotics. This has promoted research in the well known activity of silver ions and silver-based compounds, including silver nanoparticles. This effect was size and dose dependent and was more pronounced against gram-negative bacteria than gram-positive organisms.
Silver Nanoparticle and their Antimicrobial Properties
2021
Silver nanoparticles possess broad spectrum antimicrobial properties with evident applicability in biomedical and industrial endeavors. They can be fabricated and modified appropriately in the desirable manner to utilize at their maximum potential. The most noticeable nanoparticle for medical intervention are silver nanoparticles which are renowned for their high antimicrobial activity. Silver ion has been acknowledged as a metal ion that demonstrate anti-mold and anti-algal properties for long time. In the present review, we report antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles characterized by several biophysical techniques and their mechanism through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Its Antibacterial Activity
Social Science Research Network, 2016
Increasing strains with resistance to antibiotics and the resulting failure to treat infectious diseases is a major challenge in the medical and health fields. Drug resistance, especially in recent decades, had led to a search for different approaches and methods for finding new compounds against bacteria and fungi. Scientists have accepted the idea that nanotechnology is a novel area of science that combines biology, chemistry, and physics (Rezaei-Zarchi et al., 2012; Demir et al., 2014). Nanoparticles have dimensions of 100 nm or less. They have gained remarkable attention because of their unusual properties and the various applications they are suited for, when compared to their bulkier counterparts (Kato, 2011; Metzler et al., 2012). These features have helped spread the use of nanomaterials at a faster rate day by day. They can be used in the fight against germs, diagnosis and cure of diseases, water and air purification, food production, cosmetics, and clothing (Aitken et al., 2006). Silver is the most commonly used engineering nanomaterial in all consumer products (Akinoglu et al., 2014). Silver and copper have long been known to display a strong toxicity against a wide range of microorganisms. Thus, silver-and copper-based compounds have been used intensively in medicine to treat burns and infections. These antimicrobial effects have been studied by many researchers (Mirzajani et al., 2011; Yasa et al., 2012). The antimicrobial potential of these metals led to their use in health-related products (Selvaraj et al., 2011). Research showed the strong antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, mainly multidrug-resistant strains (Ashrafi et al., 2013; Sangiliyandi et al., 2014). It can be used as an antifungal agent, and this effect has been intensively studied (Jo et al., 2009). Antibacterial properties of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have been compared with triclosan, and a strong antibacterial effect has been reported for both (Cubillo et al., 2006). The mechanisms causing nanoparticles to act on bacteria have not yet been fully clarified. However, the four most common theories proposed are: (1) the uptake of free silver ions leads to a disturbance in ATP production and DNA replication. (2) Silver nanoparticles interact
2016
Over the past few decades, nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver exhibited significantly distinct physical, chemical and biological properties from their bulk counterparts. Nano-size particles of less than 100nm in diameter are currently attracting increasing attention for the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Silver nanoparticles are of silver, which are in the range of 1 and 100 nm in size. Silver nanoparticles have unique properties which help in molecular diagnostics, in therapies, as well as in devices that are used in several medical procedures. The major methods used for silver nanoparticle synthesis are the physical and chemical methods. The problem with the chemical and physical methods is that the synthesis is expensive and can also have toxic substances absorbed onto them. To overcome this, the biological method provides a feasible alternative. The major biological systems involved in this are bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts. In most...
Silver nanoparticles used in the antibacterial preparations
IP innovative publication pvt ltd, 2019
Nanotechnology is the emerging field in medicine that is expected to induce exceptional therapeutic benefits. Nanoparticles have been improving the therapeutic effect of drugs and are prepared by using varioustechniques. Silver Nanoparticles are attracting interest for the clinical application because of its potential biological properties such as antibacterial properties; antifungal properties etc. Due to its highly efficient properties Silver Nanoparticles are invasively used in the field of medical and health care. Against a large number of micro-organisms, Silver Nanoparticles are proven to be exceptionally productive for their antibacterial effects. Its mechanism of action is still unknown but the method of synthesis is highly economical, affordable and reliable. Desired properties can be achieved by changing the shapes and Sizes of Silver Nanoparticles. The main aim of this work is to provide an outline and general review on Silver Nanoparticles, with special reference to their mechanism of action and antimicrobial activity.
Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial Agents
Molecules, 2015
Multi-drug resistance is a growing problem in the treatment of infectious diseases and the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has produced antibiotic resistance for many human bacterial pathogens. Advances in nanotechnology have opened new horizons in nanomedicine, allowing the synthesis of nanoparticles that can be assembled into complex architectures. Novel studies and technologies are devoted to understanding the mechanisms of disease for the design of new drugs, but unfortunately infectious diseases continue to be a major health burden worldwide. Since ancient times, silver was known for its anti-bacterial effects and for centuries it has been used for prevention and control of disparate infections. Currently nanotechnology and nanomaterials are fully integrated in common applications and objects that we use every day. In addition, the silver nanoparticles are attracting much interest because of their potent antibacterial activity. Many studies have also shown an important activity of silver nanoparticles against bacterial biofilms. This review aims to