Marketing tactics discouraging price search: Deception and competition (original) (raw)

2011, Journal of Business Research

Retailers attempt to assure consumers that their deals are bargains using a variety of marketing tactics. Because consumers continue information and price searches until satisfied with the amount of the information to make a purchase, such bargain assurances (BAs) can change consumers' shopping behavior. This article identifies twelve common BAs and reviews extant marketing literature to derive evidence of how BAs affect consumers' purchasing behavior. It then examines how these practices are regulated to prevent consumer deception or a reduction in competition. This article concludes by offering three policy recommendations: BAs influence consumers and require regulation; the regulation of BAs demands a comprehensive rather than a piecemeal approach; and consumer policy should facilitate and encourage accurate price comparisons.

Are Consumers Fooled by Discounts? An Experimental Test in a Consumer Search Environment*

Economic Record, 2010

In this paper we investigate experimentally if people search optimally and how price promotions in ‡uence search behavior. We implement a sequential search task with exogenous price dispersion in a baseline treatment and introduce discounts in two experimental treatments. We …nd that search behavior is roughly consistent with optimal search but also observe some discount biases. If subjects don't know in advance where discounts are o¤ered the purchase probability is increased by 19 percentage points in shops with discounts, even after controlling for the bene…t of the discount and for risk preferences. If consumers know in advance where discounts are given then the bias is only weakly signi…cant and much smaller (7 percentage points).

The 'Big Four' price promotions in predicting decision utility and efficacy

2018

One way that retailers help the consumer make choices is via promotions-price framing methods that explicitly offer a price reduction of value for money off the regular retail price (RRP). However, there is a growing body of research that has indicated that merely the word 'promotion' or 'deal' can increase purchase intentions despite the deal offering no savings. Despite these findings, almost no research has quantifiably considered which, how and to what extent different promotional methods can bias decisions. Furthermore, very little is known about how consumers go about making promotional decisions or which psychological factors impact the decision-making process. Considering a broad range of decision-making frameworks and psychological theories, this thesis aims to explore the extent that promotional practices influence decision-making outcomes. Furthermore, it will consider how psychological traits like financial literacy, experience and brand relationships moderate any found effects. To achieve these objectives the effect of the four most common promotional practices on decision utility will be tested in light of: the previous literature on decision-making and promotions (Chapter 1); expert interviews describing the traits or behaviours important in developing promotional strategies (Chapter 2); the effect of information processing on promotional decision making (Chapter 3); how prices are internalised (Chapter 4); and consumer relationships (Chapter 5). Finally, the results of each chapter will be used to create and test a framework of promotional decision-making. Creating and testing this framework in an experimental and more ecologically valid setting, i.e. a virtual supermarket will be the sole purpose of Chapter 6. The aim of creating and validating the framework will be to significantly contribute to: academia, by adding some novel research to the growing promotional literature; and practice, by considering how the practices specific effects to decision making can impact fair pricing practices and consumer education. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Thesis Scope .

Effects of shopping information on consumers’ responses to comparative price claims

Journal of Retailing, 2002

This article describes three studies that examine the effects of shopping information on consumers' responses to comparative price claims in retail advertisements. Results of the studies show that 1) the opportunity to shop across retail stores reduces the effect of comparative price claims on consumers' estimates of lowest price for a particular item, but has less impact on their estimates of the store's regular price; 2) access to advertising from competing retailers has the same pattern of effects; and 3) across exposure to a series of ad claims, these effects generalize from estimates of specific item prices to judgments of the store's general pricing. For branded shopping goods, the results show that comparative price claims may prove counterproductive for retail advertisers by leading consumers to believe that the store's regular prices are high without convincing them that its sale prices are low.

The Impact of Store-Price Signals on Consumer Search and Store Evaluation

Journal of Retailing, 2011

Always low price (ALP) and low price guarantee (LPG) are store-price signals that retailers frequently use to induce favorable store-price image and discourage consumers from comparing prices across stores. Although both policies signal low prices, only LPG is an obligatory promise to beat rival stores' prices. Results of two shopping simulations show that when consumer search costs are relatively low, ALP may effectively discourage consumer search whereas LPG may trigger more search. Paradoxically, consumers tend to evaluate ALP stores less favorably (as having lower integrity and higher self-serving intention) than LPG stores even when both signals appear to be credible. These findings suggest that LPG is a superior tactic for creating a favorable store image while ALP is more effective for discouraging consumer search. The results also indicate that consumers visit fewer stores when the LPG is not a credible signal of lowest market price than when it is credible. This is because consumers are inclined to either claim discounts or refunds at the non-credible LPG store or to purchase at the competing store with a lower price rather than continue searching.

Consumer perceptions of ambiguous price promotions: scratch and save promotions versus tensile price claims

Journal of Product & Brand Management, 2010

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to examine how consumers respond differently to "scratch and save (SAS)" promotions versus "tensile price claims (TPC)." SAS promotions provide a possible discount (determined probabilistically) but conceal the exact amount until purchase. Tensile price claims (e.g. "up to 25 percent off on items marked with a red tag") make imprecise price promotional claims. In addition to making indefinite price claims, SAS promotions (e.g. scratch and save up to 25 percent off) include gambling elements; the exact discount is determined randomly for individual consumers by a scratch-off card. Design/methodology/approach-Two experimental studies are conducted. Findings-Evidence from two experiments indicates that consumers perceive SAS promotions to be more ambiguous than tensile price claims. In addition, the results demonstrate consumer uncertainty towards SAS promotions but also consumer willingness to gamble: deep discount SAS promotions are perceived as more attractive than limited-scope tensile price claims. Practical implications-The findings suggest that consumers perceive SAS offers more enticing than limited tensile price claims as the proposed discount increases. Furthermore, establishing a minimum savings offer could be used to encourage consumers to shop at retailers offering SAS promotions. Originality/value-Limited work has focused on examining how consumers respond to SAS promotions because SAS promotions are a relatively new store-level promotional tool. Furthermore, no research effort has been extended to directly compare consumers' perceptions of SAS promotions with tensile price claims.

Price-Matching Guarantees and Consumer Evaluations of Price Information

Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2005

In 3 experiments, we show that price-matching guarantees affect the process through which consumers translate price information into subjective judgments. In Experiment 1, we find that price-matching guarantees appear to change the standard used in price evaluation by raising consumers’ estimates of the lowest and average prices in the market. This leads consumers to perceive products and stores that offer price-matching guarantees as less expensive. In Experiment 2, we show that evaluations of product price information are affected by the presence of a price-matching guarantee only when consumers do not know the range of market prices. In Experiment 3, we extend these findings to show that consumer evaluations of the cost of products in a store, inferred on the basis of store characteristics, are also influenced by the presence of a price-matching guarantee.

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