Autonomic Cache Management in Information-Centric Networks (original) (raw)
Survey on Caching Approaches in Information Centric Networking
Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2015
Information Centric Network (ICN) is increasingly becoming the alternative paradigm to the traditional Internet through improving information (content) dissemination on the Internet with names. The need to reduce redundancy and frequent access to a host (provider of information) has raised an alternative of a man-in-middle concept of ICN. This has necessitated the introduction of some ICN popular architectures (such as Named Data Network (NDN), Content Centric Network (CCN), to name a few) to manage the salient advantages incorporated in ICN. Despite all efforts and issues in naming, security, routing and mobility, power consumption; caching has become the leading variable to fully actualize the future Internet dream by carefully solving the problems in frequency and recency (in objects). Determining what part of the content is to be cached? When is the most appropriate time for caching? How would the object be cached (placed and replaced) and also what path would the object be cached? Thus, this paper span through some selected ICN architectures and projects to investigate and suggest forms of caching in minimizing the total bandwidth consumption, enhanced Delivery of Service (DoS), reduced upwards and downward streaming. In conclusion, pointing out some of the future probable ways to improve caching in ICN. This survey also highlighted the top sensitive issues that influence the active deployment of caches in ICN through recency, frequency, content size, cost of retrieval and coordination, update in caches and replacements. Several cache characteristics were further presented in ways that would improve cache techniques, deployments as research suggestions for content placement, replacement and quick scan on nodes on and off-path of the network.
Caching and Data Routing In Information Centric Networking (ICN): The Future Internet Perspective
Information Centric Networking (ICN) is becoming an important direction of the future internet architecture research. Different ICN architectures like PSIRP, NetInf, PURSUIT, CCN, DONA, and NDN have been proposed with the aim of moving from the current host-to-host communication model to a content-centric communication model. Caching and data routing are among the most significant properties of ICN features which improves network efficiency and content distribution performance by satisfying user requests with cached content. New characteristics of ICN caching include the Internet to be transparent to applications, ubiquitous in-network caching (caching contents in routers in a granularity based-level different from the current Internet architecture which cache contents in file-level. This paper describes in-depth, the concepts of caching and data routing in ICN by providing a comprehensive survey of a number of cache decision and data routing policies in ICN. The paper provides also the caching and data routing mechanisms in the Named Data Networking (NDN) which is the promising ICN design for the future Internet architecture. In general, by modelling the in-network caching and data routing which will be based on more efficient cache decision and routing schemes, it will have more practical significance in ICN designs for the future Internet architecture.
Cache-skip approach for information-centric network
2016
Several ICN cache deployment and management techniques have since been using the Web management techniques to manage information sharing and better cache-hit ratio.Leave Copy Down, Leave Copy Everywhere and Probabilistic cache managements have gained more attention. However, with Leave Copy Everywhere being the initial design specification in ICN proposal, several research issues of content manageability have posed a threat of particularly content and path redundancy.This paper presents an extensive simulation analysis of the popular cache management techniques by subjecting the concepts into different network topologies to investigate the prospect of extending and proposing a new form of cache management in ICN known as Cache-skip. Cache-skip use the consciousness of time of request, network size and Time Since Birth (TSB) and Time Since Inception (TSI) to carefully dedicate the positions of caching to benefits hit rates and less network stress as a form to efficiently utilize the ...
Efficient cache availability management in Information-Centric Networks
Computer Networks, 2015
In-network caching is one of the fundamental operations of Information-centric networks (ICN). The default caching strategy taken by most of the current ICN proposals is caching along-default-path, which makes popular objects to be cached redundantly across the network, resulting in a low utilization of available cache space. On the other hand, efficient use of network-wide cache space requires possible cooperation among caching routers without the use of excessive signaling burden. While most of the cache optimization efforts strive to improve the latency and the overall traffic efficiency, we have taken a different path in this work and improved the storage efficiency of the cache space so that it is utilized to its most. In this work we discuss the ICN caching problem, and propose a novel distributed architecture to efficiently use the network-wide cache storage space based on distributed caching. The proposal achieves cache retention efficiency by means of controlled traffic redirection and selective caching. We utilize the ICN mechanisms and routing protocol messages for decision making, thus reducing the overall signaling need. Our proposal achieves almost 9-fold increase in cache storage efficiency, and around 20% increase in server load reduction when compared to the classic caching methods used in contemporary ICN proposals.
On the cache performance of the information centric network
2013 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING (ICCEEE), 2013
The current Internet model has proved more sustainable then the provisioned capacity at the time when the architecture was designed. The voluminous growth of traffic over the Internet has brought challenges for the exiting networking architecture. The information centric paradigm appears to offer efficient solution towards content dissemination model. It is a content-focused networking paradigm rather than host-to-host communication. Caching is one of the major components of information centric networks. This paper is intended to explore the impact of cache on critical attributes of networks. We have made a comparative analysis of in-network and edge network caching mechanism using network simulation. The results proved that in-network caching mechanism is far better than network edge caching with improved throughout, increase link capacity to avoid congestion.
NECS-based Cache Management in the Information Centric Networking
International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)
The Information Centric Networking ICN architectures are proposed to overcome the problems of the actual internet architecture. One of the main straight points of the ICN architectures is the in-network caching. The ICN performance is influenced by efficiency of the adopted caching strategy which manages the contents in the network and decides where caching them. However, the major issue which faces the caching strategies in the ICN architectures is the strategic election of the cache routers to store the data through its delivery path. This will reduce congestion, optimize the distance between the consumers and the required data furthermore improve latency and alleviate the viral load on the servers. In this paper, we propose a new efficient caching strategy for the Named Data Networking architecture NDN named NECS which is the most promising architecture between all the ICN architectures. The proposed strategy reduces the traffic redundancy, eliminates the useless replication of ...
Cooperative caching through routing control in information-centric networks
2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, 2013
Information-centric network (ICN), which is one of the prominent Internet re-design architectures, relies on in-network caching for its fundamental operation. However, previous works argue that the performance of in-network caching is highly degraded with the current cache-along-default-path design, which makes popular objects to be cached redundantly in many places. Thus, it would be beneficial to have a distributed and uncoordinated design. Although cooperative caches could be an answer to this, previous research showed that they are generally unfeasible due to excessive signaling burden, protocol complexity, and a need for fault tolerance.
In-Network Cache Management and Resource Allocation for Information-Centric Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2014
We introduce the concept of resource management for in-network caching environments. We argue that in Information-Centric Networking environments, deterministically caching content messages at predefined places along the content delivery path results in unfair and inefficient content multiplexing between different content flows, as well as in significant caching redundancy. Instead, allocating resources along the path according to content flow characteristics results in better use of network resources and therefore, higher overall performance. The design principles of our proposed in-network caching scheme, which we call ProbCache, target these two outcomes, namely reduction of caching redundancy and fair content flow multiplexing along the delivery path. In particular, ProbCache approximates the caching capability of a path and caches contents probabilistically to: 1) leave caching space for other flows sharing (part of) the same path, and 2) fairly multiplex contents in caches along the path from the server to the client. We elaborate on the content multiplexing fairness of ProbCache and find that it sometimes behaves in favor of content flows connected far away from the source, that is, it gives higher priority to flows travelling longer paths, leaving little space to shorter-path flows. We introduce an enhanced version of the main algorithm that guarantees fair behavior to all participating content flows. We evaluate the proposed schemes in both homogeneous and heterogeneous cache size environments and formulate a framework for resource allocation in in-network caching environments. The proposed probabilistic approach to in-network caching exhibits ideal performance both in terms of network resource utilization and in terms of resource allocation fairness among competing content flows. Finally, and in contrast to the expected behavior, we find that the efficient design of ProbCache results in fast convergence to caching of popular content items.
A survey of information-centric networking
IEEE Communications Magazine, 2012
The information-centric networking (ICN) concept is a significant common approach of several future Internet research activities. The approach leverages in-network caching, multiparty communication through replication, and interaction models decoupling senders and receivers. The goal is to provide a network infrastructure service that is better suited to today¿s use (in particular. content distribution and mobility) and more resilient to disruptions and
PopCache: Cache More or Less Based on Content Popularity for Information-Centric Networking
Due to a mismatch between downloading and caching content, the network may not gain significant benefit from the sophisticated in-network caching of information-centric networking (ICN) architectures by using a basic caching mechanism. This paper aims to seek an effective caching decision policy to improve the content dissemination in ICN. We propose PopCache-a caching decision policy with respect to the content popularity-that allows an individual ICN router to cache content more or less in accordance with the popularity characteristic of the content. We propose an analytical model to evaluate the performance of different caching decision policies in terms of the server-hit rate and expected round-trip time. The analysis confirmed by simulation results shows that PopCache yields the lowest expected round-trip time compared with three benchmark caching decision policies, i.e., the always, fixed probability and path-capacity-based probability, and PopCache provides the server-hit rate comparable to the lowest ones.
Neighborhood-Based In-Network Caching for Information-Centric Networks
International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences
The current Internet is based on host-centric networking, and a user needs to know the host address before reaching a data target in the network. The new architecture of information-centric networking (ICN) facilitates users to locate data targets by giving their data names without any information about host addresses. In-network caching is one of the prominent features in ICN, which allows network routers to cache data contents. In this paper, we emphasize the management of in-network cache storage, and this includes the mechanisms of cache replacement and cache replication. A new cost function is then proposed to evaluate each cache content and the least valuable content is evicted when cache is full. To increase cache utilization, a cooperative caching policy among neighboring routers is proposed. The proper network locations to cache data contents are also discussed in the paper. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed caching policy than some traditional caching polices.
Cache “less for more” in information-centric networks (extended version)
Computer Communications, 2013
Ubiquitous in-network caching is one of the key aspects of information-centric networking (ICN) which has received widespread research interest in recent years. In one of the key relevant proposals known as Content-Centric Networking (CCN), the premise is that leveraging in-network caching to store content in every node along the delivery path can enhance content delivery. We question such an indiscriminate universal caching strategy and investigate whether caching less can actually achieve more. More specifically, we study the problem of en route caching and investigate if caching in only a subset of nodes along the delivery path can achieve better performance in terms of cache and server hit rates. We first study the behavior of CCN's ubiquitous caching and observe that even naïve random caching at a single intermediate node along the delivery path can achieve similar and, under certain conditions, even better caching gain. Motivated by this, we propose a centrality-based caching algorithm by exploiting the concept of (ego network) betweenness centrality to improve the caching gain and eliminate the uncertainty in the performance of the simplistic random caching strategy. Our results suggest that our solution can consistently achieve better gain across both synthetic and real network topologies that have different structural properties. We further find that the effectiveness of our solution is correlated to the precise structure of the network topology whereby the scheme is effective in topologies that exhibit power law betweenness distribution (as in Internet AS and WWW networks).
An Architecture for Cache Consistency Support in Information Centric Networking
—Information centric networking is proposed to deal with the inefficiency of content distributions in traditional networks. It replaces the current host-centric communication paradigm with the content-centric one, so all the network devices can identify and cache the contents passed by. Traditional cache consistency approaches which rely on the origin server to validate cached contents will not be practical in ICN. The origin server might be overwhelmed by the large volume of validation requests from ubiquitous caches. In this paper, we propose a cache consistency architecture named Content Update Validation System (CUVS). It makes use of the servers located in each domain to provide the content validation service. It relieves the origin server and the routing protocols from caring about the cache consistency issue. The system is designed as a hierarchical overlay network in ICN, so it is easy to deploy and scales well.
Online Caching and Cooperative Forwarding in Information Centric Networking
IEEE Access
Information Centric Networking (ICN) is one of the most promising future Internet architectures to tackle the increasing network traffic by enabling in-network caching to cache popular contents. Although in-network caching reduces the network traffic by providing requested content locally to the users, several challenging issues are still unsolved. For example, identical contents are replicated in all routers along each request's forwarding path, which incurs faster cache replacement and degrades cache utilization, and temporally cached content's locations are not easy to track or search in the network. Besides, it is tough to correctly predict future popularity of contents and decide which contents to store. Hence, in this paper, an online caching and cooperative forwarding scheme is proposed to enhance cache utilization and to reduce network delay, as well as reduce the workload on each router. The caching problem is formulated as a Ski-Rental problem, which is a classical method for online decision making, in combination with consistenthashing to obtain an online coordinated caching solution. The proposed request forwarding scheme is based on consistent-hashing where every router knows the potential location of the cached copy of the requested content and thereby avoiding the unnecessary forwarding. Finally, the proposed request forwarding and caching schemes were validated by a chunk-level simulator. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of content hit rate, server load, the processing load on routers and access delay.
Cache Replacement Positions in Information-Centric Network
2015
Information dissemination as the sole functionality driving the current Internet trend has been of keen interest for its manageability. Information Centric Network (ICN) proposed as a new paradigm shift to mitigate the predicted traffic of the current Internet. However, caching as an advantageous building block of ICN is faced with the challenges of content placement, content replacement and eviction. The current practice of ICN caching has given birth to the problems of content redundancy, path redundancy and excessive wastage of bandwidth. This study analyze the intelligence in cache content management to palliate the gross expenses incurred in the ICN practice. The use of the current factors in previous studies in recency and frequency in content usage plays delicate roles in our study. Replacement strategies are agreed to influence the entire cache-hit, stretch and network diversity.
Packet-level Caching for Information-centric Networking
2010
Within the current Internet architecture, adding fully efficient in-network packet caches is not easily doable. Packets are defined only in the context of transport level flows and are not independently addressable. In this paper, we introduce a new model that makes fully functional network-level packet caches possible. We give early evaluation results on the feasibility and usability of in-router packet caches, within the new model.
Hybrid caching and requests forwarding in information centric networking
2015 17th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS), 2015
Content Centric Networking (CCN) is one of the most promising network architectures of future Internet. In CCN, Content Router (CR) floods request in the network to find the content. This flooding may degrade the network performance by generating too much traffic. Also, in legacy CCN architecture, each CR caches all contents that pass through it. Thus, same contents are replicated in all CRs along the request path, which incurs faster cache replacement and degrades cache utilization consequently. Furthermore, caching and forwarding decisions are made by the CR only on the basis of its local knowledge, which may not be optimum decisions. In this paper we propose a hybrid caching, cache replacement and requests forwarding approaches to overcome the above drawbacks. In our proposal, there is a virtual controller inside the data center with high performance computational capacity. The controller makes all the forwarding and caching decisions and passes it to the physical CRs via virtualized core router. Physical CRs are grouped inside regions on the basis of their geographical location, in order to enhance users' QoE. We have intensively simulated the proposed mechanism in a chunk level simulator and the performance is compared with existing schemes. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism outperforms the existing state-of-the-art schemes.
Exploring Off-Path Caching with Edge Caching in Information Centric Networking
In the last couple of years, Information Centric Networking (ICN) has gained momentum as increasing number of patches for various issues (like mobility, security, availability etc.) have transformed TCP/IP into a complex and delicate network architecture. Among many core functionalities of ICN, pervasive in-network caching has potential to play an indispensable role in ameliorating the overall network performance. The paper thus aims to empirically evaluate the performance of some of the existing in-network caching techniques and also proposes a new caching technique. More specifically, in the first part of the paper, it is empirically proven that off-path caching performs the best, as compared to on-path and edge caching in terms of hit rate, average retrieval delay, cache diversity and external traffic over expensive links. In second part of the paper, EDOP caching has been proposed as hybrid caching strategy that couples effectively off-path caching with edge caching. The results exhibit that EDOP caching effects significant improvement in average retrieval delay for the top most popular contents while inducing marginal trade-off in other relevant performance metrics.
Greedy caching: A latency-aware caching strategy for information-centric networks
2017 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking) and Workshops, 2017
Most caching strategies in information-centric networks (ICN) primarily focus on pushing popular content to the network edge. As such, these approaches make limited use of caches in the network core, reduce cache utilization due to content duplication and provide limited performance improvement. In this paper, we propose Greedy Caching to determine the set of content to be cached at each network node. Greedy Caching starts by caching the most popular content, calculated based on the total incoming request stream from users, at the network edge. The algorithm then recalculates the relative popularity of each piece of content based on the request miss stream from downstream nodes to determine the set of content to be cached in the network core. We perform exhaustive simulation in the Icarus simulator [1] using realistic Internet topologies (e.g., GARR, GEANT, and WIDE) and demonstrate that Greedy Caching provides significant improvement in content download delay (referred to as latenc...
—Information dissemination as the sole functionality driving the current Internet trend has been of keen interest for its manageability. Information Centric Network (ICN) proposed as a new paradigm shift to mitigate the predicted traffic of the current Internet. However, caching as an advantageous building block of ICN is faced with the challenges of content placement, content replacement and eviction. The current practice of ICN caching has given birth to the problems of content redundancy, path redundancy and excessive wastage of bandwidth. This study analyze the intelligence in cache content management to palliate the gross expenses incurred in the ICN practice. The use of the current factors in previous studies in recency and frequency in content usage plays delicate roles in our study. Replacement strategies are agreed to influence the entire cache-hit, stretch and network diversity.