Association between diabetes and depression (original) (raw)
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Prevalence of depression and diabetes: a population-based study from rural Bangladesh
Diabetic Medicine, 2007
Aims To determine the extent of depressive symptoms in a rural community of Bangladesh and its association with newly recognized diabetes. Methods Depressive symptoms were assessed in 184 newly diagnosed diabetic subjects and 768 randomly selected individuals without diabetes. The Montogomery and Aasberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to assess depressive symptoms. A structured interview was performed to obtain socio-demographic and economic information and anthropometric measures were collected. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by the HemoCue glucose analyser. Results Twenty-nine percent of male and 30.5% of female participants with diabetes and 6.0% of male and 14.6% of female subjects without diabetes had depressive symptoms rating ≥ 20 on the MADRS. An association between depressive symptoms and diabetes was found (P < 0.01). After controlling for potential confounding factors including age, gender, fasting plasma glucose > 7.0 mmol/l and waist-hip ratio, the association of depression with diabetes remained significant. Conclusions An unexpectedly high level of unrecognized depressive symptoms was found in the general rural population of Bangladesh. These are among the first data to suggest that depressive symptoms in this culture are common, especially in women. Depression is particularly common in those with diabetes. Psychiatric intervention may be necessary in addition to lifestyle changes to prevent the exponential increase in the occurrence of Type 2 diabetes. In addition, a common approach including psychiatric treatment in diabetes care may be necessary to achieve improved glycaemic control in this population.
Depression: An epidemiological correlate of diabetes mellitus
India leads the world with largest number of diabetic subjects earning the dubious distinction of being termed as " Diabetic Capital of the world. " The prevalence of depression among diabetics is 15-20% which is three times as compared to general population. Studies have identified depression as an independent risk factor for Type II Diabetes with relative risk of developing diabetes ranging from 1.3 to 3.0. This study was carried out to study the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus in age group above 20 years in an urban slum area and to study depression as an epidemiological correlate of Diabetes Mellitus. The cross-sectional study was conducted at urban slum area of central India in adults aged 20 years and above. Diabetes was diagnosed using WHO criteria 2006. The OGTT was performed using 75 gm of glucose. Depression was assessed by administering PHQ-9 scale, a self-report Hindi version. In present study, it was found that prevalence of Diabetes as 12.75% and among incident diabetics, 2.32% had moderately severe depression, 30.23% had moderate depression and 46.51% minor depression according to PHQ-9 Scale. When depression was assessed, it was almost present in(79.06%) subjects with Diabetes Mellitus, mild depression being the commonest (46.5%). The present study identified depression (P value-0.002) as the independent risk factors for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The present study identified depression as the independent risk factor for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Data regarding depression among rural subjects with diabetes in Bangladesh is scarce. Researchers involved with Diabetic Association of Bangladesh have been working in this field for the last two decades. In reference to a previous study in that paticular area, whether the situation has changed, a study was designed to investigate the prevalence of depression in individuals with and without diabetes. In 2004; 952 and in 2009; 2293 subjects, aged ≥ 20 years were recruited from 10 villages after obtaining informed consent. Blood sugar was tested for diabetes. Simplified Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale was followed to detect depression. Overall the prevalence of depression in the year 2004 and 2009 were 29% and 4.67% respectively. Symptoms of depression in subjects with and without diabetes were observed in 29.7% and 14.1% in the year 2004 and 1.44% and 3.23% in 2009. Trend of diabetes without depression was upwards (2.8% in 2004 and 6.45% in 2009). In the study period of five years the overall prevalence of depression decreased especially in females. Our study results in 2009 are similar to studies in Bangladesh (4.6%) and other neighboring countries. It could be predicted that income and socioeconomic facilities may be the prime factors for depression. As our study area had expansion and improvement in these sectors within the study period, the prevalence of depression decreased. We can conclude that diabetes may increase but depression decreases in better infrastructure and financial state in the context of Bangladesh.
Risk of depression among Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic patients
Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 2017
OBJECTIVE-The objective of this study was to examine the strength and consistency of the relationship between depression and diabetes in Bangladeshi population. METHODS-The study was conducted at the medicine department of Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during May 2012 to May 2013. Equal number of T2DM patients and non-diabetic subjects (patient attendants) were recruited from outpatient department matching for age (±2 years) and gender. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected from all the subjects. Depression was assessed using, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. A subject with a score above 8 was considered as depressive. Baseline characteristics of diabetic and non-diabetic participants were compared using chi square test. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between diabetes and depression adjusting for all plausible confounders in the model. RESULTS-24.8 % non-diabetic and 56.2% diabetic subjects were found to have depression. Statistically significant difference was found in income, waist-to-hip ratio between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (P<0.001). Diabetic patients show 7-fold greater odds of having depression in comparison to their non-diabetic counterpart [OR 7.0, 95% CI (3.4, 14.3)]. Female gender appeared as significant predictor of depression [OR 4.3, 95% CI (2.1, 8.9)]. CONCLUSIONS-In Bangladeshi population, people with diabetes are 7 times more likely have coexisting depression in comparison to non-diabetic subjects. Further studies are required to establish the nature of the relationship between depression and T2DM.
Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology Association of Nepal, 2021
Background: Depression, being a leading cause of disability, is a common illness affecting an estimated 350 million people affected worldwide and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease 3. Depression is a significant comorbid condition prevalent in people with diabetes and adversely affects health outcomes. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 434 patients in Metro Polyclinic situated in Kathmandu district of Nepal. Metro polyclinic was purposively selected as the sampling frame for this study as this polyclinic receives significant number of diabetes patients coming in from various regions of Nepal. Results: Among type-1 diabetes 55% had depression whereas 45% were normal. Among Type-2 diabetes 31% of them had depression whereas 69% had no depression. Among a total of 434 study sample, 425 were suffering from Type-2 diabetes while only nine of them were suffering from Type-1 diabetes. Of those who were suffering from Type-2 diabetes, 13 had severe depression, 27 had moderate depression, 85 had mild depression and 300 had normal range of depression. Conclusion: This study sheds the importance of looking for depression in Nepali diabetes patients. It has been shown that without identifying co-morbid depression and treating it, most of the patient will have poor prognosis.
2021
Full text of this paper can be downloaded online at www.ijssm.org/ & http://nepjol.info/index.php/IJSSM/issue/archive 426 Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Diabetes Patients in Selected Hospital at Pokhara, Kaski Srijana Gautam*, Nisha Shrestha Department of Nursing, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre (Affiliated with Tribhuvan University), Nepal 2 Departments of Nursing, Institute of Medicine, Pokhara Nursing Campus, Nepal
BMC Psychiatry
Aim This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among diabetic patients in a cross-sectional sample and perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the extant studies to date. Methods A face-to-face semi-structured interview of established diabetic patients was conducted in four districts of Bangladesh between May 24 to June 24, 2022, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ–2) was used to detect depression. PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis, with Bangladeshi articles published until 3rd February 2023. Results The prevalence of depression among 390 diabetic patients was 25.9%. Having secondary education and using both insulin and medication increased the likelihood of depression, whereas being a business professional and being physically active reduced the likelihood of depression. The systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that the pooled estimated prevalence of depression was 42% (95% CI ...
Depression in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus-an Analytical Study in Rajshahi
2021
Background: Depression is one of the most common comorbid psychiatric disorders associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), and it impacts glycemic control. Optimal management of depression may lead to better control of glucose levels in DM. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess depression in patients with DM and to compare it with healthy control and to determine the association of depression with glycemic control and socio-demographic profile in patients with DM and healthy control. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 140 patients with DM attending Rajshahi Medical College Hospital and Diabetic Association Hospital, Rajshahi, from July 2014 to June 2016. Subsequently, 140 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. The DSM-V criteria were used to diagnose depression and the severity of depression was assessed by the Hamilton rating scale for depression. Blood glucose control was assessed by measuring HbA1c and catego...
The Prevalence and Predictors of Depression in Type 2 Diabetic Population of Punjab
Community Mental Health Journal, 2016
The present cross sectional study was carried out on 787 type 2 diabetic subjects from tertiary health care hospitals to identify the prevalence and predictors of depression in diabetes. Depression was tested using Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Of the study participants, 199 (25.29 %) met the criteria for mild to moderate depression, 252 (32.02 %) were severely depressed and 336 (42.69 %) were clinically non-depressed. The prevalence of depression was 65.02 % in women, which is 1.87 fold higher (p \ 0.0001) than men (49.87 %). Depression was observed to be strongly associated with advancing age [30 years (p \ 0.05), low income (p = 0.0001), sedentary life style (p = 0.001), Plasma levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL) [100 mg/dl and triglycerides (TG) [150 mg/dl (p \ 0.05), drinking alcohol (p \ 0.001), statin use (p \ 0.001), BMI [35-39.9 kg m-2 (p = 0.018), WHR [0.9 cm (p \ 0.0001), Glucose levels [125 mg/dl (p \ 0.0001) and duration of diabetes 2-4 years (p = 0.003). In multivariate logistic regression model, risk factors such as, being a woman, duration of diabetes C10 years, BMI C30 kg m-2 , LDL [100 mg/dl, TG [150 mg/dl and sedentary life style emerged as independent predictors of depression in diabetes. In the present study, 86.4 % diabetic subjects were not diagnosed for depression prior participation. In conclusion, the present study revealed that higher prevalence of depression in diabetes was evident in population of Punjab, especially in women and majority of these patients remain undiagnosed for depression.
DEPRESSION AND DIABETIC DISTRESS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS IN NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION.
Journal of Rural and Community Psychiatry , 2016
Diabetes, like any chronic disease, is associated with an increased risk for depression and distress. My dissertation addresses the question of relationship between diabetes distress and depression in diabetic patients. Research presented at the American Diabetes Association's 74th Scientific Sessions shows that symptoms of depression in people with type 2 diabetes can be significantly reduced through interventions for "diabetes distress. The present study is on depression and diabetes distress in diabetic patients of national capital region. Two hypotheses were formulated; there will be a significant relationship between diabetes distress and depression. Second hypothesis was that there will be significant relationship between diabetes distress and depression between males and females. Methodologically, diabetic patients within the national capital region were assessed on diabetes distress and depression. The statistical analysis on their score suggests that there is a significant relationship between level of diabetes distress and depression among the patients. There was also a significant gender difference in the level of diabetes distress and depression, with females being higher on both compared to males.. *M. A. Clinical