Zinc supplementation increases bone alkaline phosphatase in healthy men (original) (raw)
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Biological Trace Element Research, 2020
Bone-related diseases are very common problems, especially in the elderly population. Zinc takes part in the growth and maintenance of healthy bones. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation or dietary zinc intake on serum zinc levels and bone turnover markers. A systematical research was performed with 2899 articles in PubMed, WoS, and Scopus for relevant articles in English which have mean/standard deviation values of serum zinc levels, dietary zinc intake/zinc supplementation (mg/day), and bone turnover markers up to February 2020. In the overall analysis, serum zinc level was significantly lower in patients with osteoporosis compared with controls (p 0.0002). Dietary zinc intake decreased in the fracture group compared with controls according to subgroup analysis patients with fracture (p 0.02). Zinc supplementation was effective on the femoral neck (p < 0.0001) and lumbar spine (p 0.05) bone mineral density (BMD). In the correlation analysis of the data obtained from all of the included studies, serum osteocalcin (p 0.0106, r − 0.9148) correlated with serum zinc level. In conclusion, serum zinc level and dietary zinc intake could have an essential role in preventing osteoporosis. Zinc supplementation might improve bone turnover markers for bone formation such as serum osteocalcin and serum alkaline phosphatase and also, BMD at the site of the femoral neck.
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2010
The nutritional influence of zinc on markers of bone extracellular matrix resorption and mineralization was investigated in growing rats. Thirty male weanling rats were randomly assigned to consume AIN-93G based diets containing 2.5, 5, 7.5, 15 or 30 μg Zn/g diet for 24 days. Femur zinc increased substantially as zinc increased from 5 to 15 μg/g diet and modestly between 15 and 30 μg/g (Pb.05). By morphological assessment, trabecular bone increased steadily as dietary zinc increased to 30 μg/g. Increasing dietary zinc tended to decrease Zip2 expression nonsignificantly and elevated the relative expression of metallothionen-I at 15 but not 30 μg Zn/g diet. Femur osteoclastic resorption potential, indicated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and carbonic anhydrase-2 activities decreased with increasing dietary zinc. In contrast to indicators of extracellular matrix resorption, femur tartrate-resistant acid and alkaline phosphatase activities increased fourfold as dietary zinc increased from 2.5 to 30 μg Zn/g. Likewise, 15 or 30 μg Zn/g diet resulted in maximum relative expression of osteocalcin, without influencing expression of core-binding factor α-1, collagen Type 1 alpha-1, or nuclear factor of activated T cells c1. In conclusion, increased trabecular bone with additional zinc suggests that previous requirement estimates of 15 μg Zn/g diet may not meet nutritional needs for optimal bone development. Overall, the up-regulation of extracellular matrix modeling indexes and concomitant decrease in resorption activities as dietary zinc increased from 2.5 to 30 μg/g provide evidence of one or more physiological roles for zinc in modulating the balance between bone formation and resorption. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Serum Zinc Concentration Could Predict Bone Mineral Density and Protect Osteoporosis in Healthy Men
A growing body of investigations demonstrated the essence role of zinc on growing and maintaining bone tissue .The idea that zinc could enhance bone content and adjourn or prevent osteoporosis in men, has been experimented as a hypothesis. Methods: Six hundred healthy men (age 20-69 yr) through Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS) which is a national project running in 5 provinces in Iran for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis was selected via a cluster random sampling and enrolled the study. Bone Mineral Density was measured by biphotonic absorptimetry DEXA for hip and lumbar spine. Zinc morning serum concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. SPSS 11.5 was used for data analysis. Body Mass Index (BMI) has been calculated by Weight (kg)/Height (meter) 2 for each person Results: The mean age was 40.83±15.06 yr .Mean BMI was 24.79±3.94 kg/m2, overlay 27.3% were smoking, 12.5% had regular physical activities three times a week and 12.2% had a history of renal stone. Among them 30.1% had zinc depletion, 56.8% normal range and 13.1% had serum zinc excess. 57.1% of individuals over 40 yr with hip osteoporosis were zinc deficient whereas 22.1% of them with normal BMD had this deficiency (P< 0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that zinc has a positive association with BMD in men over 40 yr and zinc deficiency is more common in osteoporotic individuals.
Objectives: To determine the effect of zinc supplementation on callus formation, serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase activity in humans. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with traumatic bone fracture referred to Shohada Hospital of Tabriz, Iran from August to December 2007. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: cases (n=30), receiving one capsule of zinc sulfate consists of 50 mg zinc each day and the controls (n=30), receiving placebo for 60 days. Individual and clinical information was determined by a questionnaire: nutritional intake by 3 days food records at the beginning and the end of trial. Serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and by enzymatic method. Callus formation during fracture healing was evaluated by radiography of the bone. Results: There was no significant difference in physical activity, gender, age, type of fractures, and nutrient intake, between the 2 groups. The administration of zinc caused a significant elevation of serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase activity. Assessment of bone xrays showed a significant progress in callus formation in cases compared to the controls. Conclusion: This study shows that zinc supplementation can stimulate fracture healing, however, it needs further study.
The positive effects of zinc on skeletal strength in growing rats
Bone, 2001
The aim of the present study was to assess the skeletal effects of alimentary zinc depletion and supplementation in an animal model of intact, growing rats. The study was planned as a dose-response study. Thirty-six male Wistar rats, 4 weeks old, were divided into three groups of 12 rats each. The rats had free access to a semisynthetic diet with different amounts of zinc added. Group 1 was given a zinc-free diet containing 2 mg zinc/kg, group 2 was given a normal-zinc diet containing 47 mg zinc/kg; and group 3 was given a zinc-supplemented diet containing 60 mg zinc/kg. All animals were killed 4 weeks after initiation of the experiment and the right femora were removed. The biomechanical effects were measured at the following skeletal sites: femoral diaphysis; femoral neck; and distal femoral metaphysis. In addition, static histomorphometry was performed at the middiaphyseal region. Biomechanical testing revealed a significant zinc-induced increase in bone strength at all sites investigated. It also showed that zinc influenced bone strength in a dosedependent manner except at the distal metaphysis, where there was no significant difference between the group fed normal-zinc diet and the group fed a hyper-zinc diet. Zinc also improved the rates of growth in the rats. The body weights and length of femora increased dose-dependently. Static histomorphometry showed that zinc exerted its main effect on the periosteal envelope, thereby increasing bone area, tissue area, and axial moment of inertia. We conclude that alimentary zinc supplementation in growing rats induces an increase of bone strength in both the femoral neck and the femoral diaphysis. These results further support the view that zinc has a positive effect on bone metabolism which mimicks that of growth hormone (GH) or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005
Objective: To investigate the relationship between indices of zinc nutritive status and biochemical markers of bone turnover in older adult European subjects. Design: Use of baseline data from a multicentre prospective zinc intervention (ZENITH) study. Setting: Centres in France, Italy and Northern Ireland. Participants: A total of 387 healthy adults, aged 55-87 y. Methods: Zinc intake was assessed by 4-day recall records. Circulating and urinary biochemical zinc status measures were assessed by atomic absorption spectrophometry. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were assessed by ELISA and urinary pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr) by HPLC. Results: Zinc intake was negatively correlated with urinary Pyr and Dpyr (r ¼ À0.298 and À0.304, respectively; Po0.0001), but was not correlated with bone formation markers. There was a tendency for serum zinc to be negatively correlated with urinary Dpyr (r ¼ À0.211; P ¼ 0.080). Erythrocyte zinc was negatively correlated with serum osteocalcin (r ¼ À0.090; Po0.0001). None of the other correlations were significant. After adjustment for confounder (age, gender and research centre) the only significant association that remained was between serum osteocalcin and erythrocyte zinc (b ¼ À0.124; P ¼ 0.011). Conclusions: There was some, albeit inconsistent, evidence of a relationship between zinc nutritive status and bone turnover in the older adult participants of the ZENITH study.
Vitamins & Minerals, 2016
Purpose: Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disorder which is well known to increase bone porosity and is the outcome of various factors like ageing, genetic, nutritional deficiency, decreased calcium uptake, and last but the most important hormonal imbalances. Hormonal imbalance is one of the major factors affecting women worldwide and leading to osteoporosis. Trace elements play a very essential role in number of pathological conditions. Ingestion of zinc in the early stages of bone loss may be more beneficial in mitigating bone loss and also in improving the overall strength of the bone. In the current work, we have intended to extract the information pertaining to the mechanical strength of bone, bone tissue composition and hydroxyapatite crystallite size upon supplementing zinc in the osteopenic condition. Methods: Forty eight wistar female rats in two set of twenty four animals each were assigned to four groups: Control, Zinc, Ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX+Zinc. Duration of the treatment period was of eight weeks. Biochemical estimations were carried out to make comparison between the treatment groups based on bone metabolism markers in serum. Bone mechanical strength of both the bones i.e., femur and tibia, was assessed using texture analyzer. Also, bone matrix analysis using Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies were carried out for all the treatment groups. Results: Estradiol levels decreased and tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels increased in the OVX group. Zinc supplemented following ovariectomy regulated these levels. The OVX group showed significantly higher serum alkaline phosphatase levels, which recovered upon zinc supplementation. Further, zinc plays a potential role in preventing bone tissue deterioration by restoring its composition and microstructure in the post-menopausal condition, thereby, maintaining the mechanical strength of the bone. Conclusion: These findings suggested that alterations in the bone tissue material properties following estrogen deficiency can be averted by zinc if administered at early stages of bone loss.
Zinc is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2009
It is well established that zinc, an essential trace element, plays an important role in growth and stimulates bone formation. However, the effects of zinc on bone resorption have received little attention. We studied its effects on isolated rat osteoclasts. Unexpectedly, osteoclasts were exquisitely sensitive to zinc, with a significant decrease in bone resorption occurring at concentrations as low as M. This effect was specific for zinc and was not observed with the other transitional or alkaline metals studied. There was no evidence of toxicity at concentrations up to M. Zinc also completely abolished the stimulatory effect of parathyroid hormone. Zinc is therefore a highly potent and selective inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. The mode of action remains to be established and may represent a novel inhibitory mechanism in the osteoclast.
Zinc-deficient rats have more limited bone recovery during repletion than diet-restricted rats
Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2004
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc deficiency and diet restriction on bone development in growing rats, and to determine whether any adverse effects could be reversed by dietary repletion. Weanling rats were fed either a zinc-deficient diet ad libitum (ZD; <1 mg zinc/kg) or nutritionally complete diet (30 mg zinc/kg) either ad libitum (CTL) or pair-fed to the intake of the ZD group (DR; diet-restricted) for 3 weeks (deficiency phase) and then all groups were fed the zinc-adequate diet ad libitum for 3, 7, or 23 days (repletion phase). Excised femurs were analyzed for bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and plasma was analyzed for markers of bone formation (osteocalcin) and resorption (Ratlaps). After the deficiency phase, ZD had lower body weight and reduced femur BMD, zinc, and phosphorus concentrations compared with DR; and these parameters were lower in DR compared with CTL. Femur calcium concentrations wer...
Skeletal Effects of Zinc Deficiency in Growing Rats
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 1999
There is ample evidence that zinc plays an important role in bone metabolism and zinc deficiency has been implicated as a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. It was the aim of the present study to investigate the skeletal effects of alimentary zinc deficiency in growing rats using quantitative bone histomorphometry. Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats with a mean initial body weight of 101±2 g were allocated in two groups of 12 rats each and had free access to a semi-synthetic, casein-based, zinc-deficient diet (0.76 mg zinc! kg) or to the same diet supplemented with 60 mg zinc per kg. All rats were sacrificed 42 days after the start of the experiment and the right distal femur was removed for bone histomorphometry. Relative to controls (+Zn), the zinc-deficient rats (-Zn) had a significantly lower body weight and about an 80% reduction in plasma and femur zinc concentration. The histomorphometric evaluation of the distal femoral metaphysis showed that zinc deficiency led to a 45% reduction (p<O.OI) in cancellous bone mass and to a deterioration of trabecular bone architecture, with fewer and thinner trabeculae. The osteopenia in -Zn rats was accompanied by significant reductions in osteoid perimeter (-31 %, p<0.05), osteoblast perimeter (-30%, p<0.05), and osteoclast number (-38%, p<O.Ol) relative to +Zn controls. We conclude that zinc deficiency induced low turnover osteopenia in femoral cancellous bone of growing rats. These results support the hypothesis that zinc deficiency during growth may impair the accumulation of maximal bone mass in humans; additionally, they suggest that zinc deficiency may playa role as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.