The effect of average particle size of nano-Co 3 O 4 on the catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate particles (original) (raw)
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A review on the use of nanometals as catalysts for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 2013
In this review, an attempt to collect summarized literature data on catalytic effect of nanosized metals and nanoalloys on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorates (AP) is made. Several experimental results show nanometals are more effective catalysts as compared to nanosized metal oxides. During decomposition process; metal react with oxygen containing species that are produced in decomposition process; and metal oxide is formed with large amount of heat which enhances the catalytic activity of metals as compared to metal oxide nanoparticles.
Nano-metal oxide: potential catalyst on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2012
In this review, an attempt to collect the summarised data of literature on catalytic effect of nano-oxides, such as mono oxides, mixed oxide, binary and ternary ferrites and rare earth metal oxides on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) is made. Influence of size effect of oxides on thermal decomposition of AP and comparison of bulk and nanosized oxides is also discussed here. Several experimental results revealed that due to small size and large surface area nanosized metal oxides are more potential catalysts on thermal decomposition of AP compared to their bulk size oxides.
Indian Journal of …, 2010
Bimetallic nanocrystals, viz., Cu-Co, Cu-Fe and Cu-Zn, have been prepared by hydrazine reduction in ethylene glycol and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The particle size of the nanocrystals is found to be of the order of 10-38 nm. These nanocrystals have been found to have a significant catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and also on the burning rate of composite solid propellants. The catalytic characteristics have been attributed to the large surface area and the active chemical nature of the bimetallic nanocrystals.
Defence Technology, 2019
The catalytic proficiency of three MONs for AP thermal decomposition was studied in this work. A chemical co-precipitation method was used for synthesis of MONs (CuZnO, CoZnO, and NiZnO) and their characterization carried out by utilising XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The TGA/DSC technique was employed for the investigation of the catalytic proficiency of MONs on the AP. The DSC data were used for measuring activation energy of catalyzed AP by using Ozawa, Kissinger, and Starink method. The MONs were much sensitive for AP decomposition, and the performance of AP decomposition was further improved. Among all the MONs, the CuZnO exhibits higher catalytic action than others and decomposition temperature of AP is descending around 117°C by CuZnO. The reduction in the activation energy was noticed after the incorporation of MONs in AP.
2009
Nanocrystalline transition metal oxides (NTMOs) have been successfully prepared by three different methods: novel quick precipitation method (Cr 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 ); surfactant mediated method (CuO), and reduction of metal complexes with hydrazine as reducing agent (Mn 2 O 3 ). The nano particles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which shows an average particle diameter of 35 -54 nm. Their catalytic activity was measured in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). AP decomposition undergoes a two step process where the addition of metal oxide nanocrystals led to a shifting of the high temperature decomposition peak toward lower temperature. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of AP and catalyzed AP has also been evaluated using model fitting and isoconversional method.
Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate-commercial nano-TiO 2 mixed powder
2019
Receive: 11 September 2018 Received in revised: 15 October 2018 Accepted: 2 November 2018 Available online: 7 February 2019 DOI: 10.26655/AJNANOMAT.2019.2.3.3 Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate was improved via addition of transition metals and metal oxides. This work investigates the thermal decomposition of the ammonium perchlorate under the catalytic effect of the commercial nano-TiO2 (nTiO2). Characterization of nTiO2 showed that its average particle size ranged from 10 to 25 nm with a relatively spherical morphology. Ammonium perchlorate and nTiO2 mixes were prepared by adding three different nTiO2 mass fractions of 1, 2, and 3 wt% to pure ammonium perchlorate. The results of thermogravimetry analysis revealed that the addition of nTiO2 to pure ammonium perchlorate resulted in a significant decline in its decomposition temperature. The most observed decrease in the decomposition temperature was 61 °C resulted from the addition of 3 wt.% nTiO2.
Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate in the Presence of Nanosized Ferric Oxide
The catalytic effect of two different sizes of a-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles synthesised using an electrochemical method was investigated on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) using differential scanning calorimetry as a function of catalyst concentration. The nanosized ferric oxide particles exhibited more of a catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of AP than commercial Fe 2 O 3 particles. A lowering of the high-temperature decomposition of AP by 59 o C was observed after mixing with 2 Wt per cent of a-Fe 2 O 3 particles with the very fine size of 3.5 nm. The mixture produced a high heat release of 4.574 kJ/ g compared to 0.834 kJ/g of pure AP. The kinetic parameters were evaluated using Kissinger method. The decrease in the activation energy and increase in rate constant confirmed the catalytic activity of these nanoparticles.
Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 2020
In the present work, a green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) has been performed through a precipitation method using three different copper precursors and sylvestrys leaf extract as a capping agent. Morphology and structure of the obtained CuO NPs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, their thermal behavior and catalytic performance were studied using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Four isoconversional kinetic methods have been applied to the DSC data obtained at different heating rates in order to determine the kinetic
Colloid and Polymer Science, 2009
CuO shuttle-like and flower-like nanocrystals were synthesized through a one-step, low-temperature solution-phase method in the presence of a cation surfactant, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. These nanocrystals were studied as an additive for promoting the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). With the addition of CuO shuttle-like and flower-like nanocrystals, the thermal decomposition temperature of AP decreased. The structure, particle size, and morphology of resulting CuO powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis technique was applied to investigate the thermal decomposition of mixtures of AP and as-prepared CuO nanocrystals.