Human gait analyzed by complex and interconnected system (original) (raw)

In this paper I presented a series of analyses performed in complex investigation structures aiming each time at the establishment of an advanced non-invasive and objective methodology suitable for every type of locomotion or stability malfunction. At the same time we intended the assessment of these malfunctions in connection with other physiological parameters, which do not present deflections from the normal status The objective clinical examination of the gait or standing position represents an important study of clinical semiology, being necessary in acknowledging the pathology of certain afflictions and symptoms. It must be performed on a flat ground, especially climbing up and down the stairs, in normal parameters of the recording conditions (temperature, environment, humidity, atmospheric pressure) but also at different moments of the day (morning, noon, evening). The methodology and the investigations procedures are presented in the second part of the paper and in the final part the results and the conclusions of this work are presented.

Technical Note: Three-dimensional Gait Analysis

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research

Quantitative gait analysis is the systematic measurement, description, and assessment of those quantities thought to characterize human locomotion. Optoelectronic motion capture system is a tool to conduct three-dimensional gait analysis and it helps us to acquire kinematic data, i.e., the angles and the kinetic data, i.e., forces along with spatiotemporal data which describe the fundamental gait characteristics. These are ultimately interpreted by the clinician(s) to form an assessment 1 which helps in identifying the pathology and developing rehabilitation strategies to restore normalcy of gait. Keeping in view the above evidence and the paucity of Indian normative gait data, our study was designed to create a gender-specific, region-specific, normative spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic dataset. We present a technical note on our method of three-dimensional gait analysis. The gait lab at PGIMER is equipped with BTS SmartTM (BTS Bioengineering, Milan, Italy) Optoelectric system which was used to record and measure spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic data. The gait lab has a walkway embedded with 16 force platforms with sufficient space for acceleration and deceleration coupled with 6 infrared cameras and two real-time cameras, enabling the recordings of left and right feet to be made simultaneously with each trial recording at least three complete gait cycles at a selfselected pace. The data were captured, processed, and analyzed with strict adherence to a standardized protocol. The data were recorded for transverse, sagittal, and axial planes.

Gait analysis: technical notes

Journal of Advanced Health Care

Biomedical technologies are having an increasingly central role in the modern medicine. In fact they are at the root of the diagnosis and follow up of pathologies giving to the clinicians quantitative outcomes necessary on the choice of the right therapy. In this paper we will focus on biomedical technologies used in the context of gait analysis describing the main ones used in the clinical practice about pathologies of neurologic, orthopedic and rheumatic interest and underlining their importance in the clinical setting. The main systems for gait analysis will be presented in this article: system with passive markers, stereophotogrammetric system, force and pressure platforms, surface electromyography system, system based on inertial measurement units underling the importance of each in investigating a different aspect of movement and how integrating all of them we can have a depth and whole gait analysis. The main gait analysis protocols will be presented too. Finally, advantages ...

A portable measurement system for the evaluation of human gait

Journal of Automatic Control

A tool has been developed which can be used to evaluate human gait in a more detailed manner. Its purpose is to record data from an individual during gait then categorize and analyze the intrinsic phases with neuro-fuzzy techniques. The system is simple to use, adaptive, ...

Lower Limb Analysis of the Biomechanical Gait Cycle at Various Phases in Real Time

Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering

Biotechnology is playing an extremely important part in medical advances. In actuality, they are the basis of pathology diagnosis, which provides doctors with the quantitative data required to choose the best treatment. This study looks at the facts of a case of weak muscular activity and devises solutions to help the disabled or very ill for the specialist to improve the patient's condition by choosing accurate treatment. This would enhance their psychological condition and make it easier for them to do their daily activities. The data are collected by surface electromyography (EMG) from the lower limb of the leg gait events (heel strike, foot flat, midstance, heel off, toeoff, and medium swing) on the right, left, and both legs are estimated. The system consists of a microcontroller, a myograph sensor, and Bluetooth. Healthy individuals utilize both legs regularly in a balanced manner and during a walk as well as stair ascending tests. On both sides of the legs (right and left), sensors are placed on the quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis, and triceps muscles. The system was tested on 28 people (17 males and 11 females) aged 24-54 years old. The suggested method is used to analyze gait in real-time.

A study on human gait analysis

Proceedings of the …, 2012

Human gait is one of the most important biometric which has so far been neglected for use in medical diagnostics. In this paper, we make a feasibility study on human gait acquired from a wearable sensor based biometric suit called as Intelligent Gait Oscillation Detector (IGOD).This suit measures simultaneous gait oscillation from eight major joints (two knees, two hips, two elbows and two shoulders) of a human body. Techniques for analyzing and understanding the human gait patterns were developed. Variance in the gait oscillation was studied with respect to gait speed varying from 3km/hr to 5km/hr. Gender variance (male/female) gait oscillation has also been studied. A comprehensive analysis on human gait affected by knee joint movement and hip joint oscillation has been addressed with the arm swing effects. This analysis will provide us with an insight on human bipedal locomotion and its stability. We plan to create a repository of human gait oscillations which could extensively be analyzed for person identification and detecting walking problems in patients, which is detection of disease in the medical field.

A computational model for dynamic analysis of the human gait

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2013

Biomechanical models are important tools in the study of human motion. This work proposes a computational model to analyse the dynamics of lower limb motion using a kinematic chain to represent the body segments and rotational joints linked by viscoelastic elements. The model uses anthropometric parameters, ground reaction forces and joint Cardan angles from subjects to analyse lower limb motion during the gait. The model allows evaluating these data in each body plane. Six healthy subjects walked on a treadmill to record the kinematic and kinetic data. In addition, anthropometric parameters were recorded to construct the model. The viscoelastic parameter values were fitted for the model joints (hip, knee and ankle). The proposed model demonstrated that manipulating the viscoelastic parameters between the body segments could fit the amplitudes and frequencies of motion. The data collected in this work have viscoelastic parameter values that follow a normal distribution, indicating that these values are directly related to the gait pattern. To validate the model, we used the values of the joint angles to perform a comparison between the model results and previously published data. The model results show a same pattern and range of values found in the literature for the human gait motion.

Human Gait Analysis as viewed from A/K and B/K Force Plate/Stick Figures

Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 1999

The motions involved in the ordinary act of walking which we all perform unthinkingly are in fact very complex and require great agility, and once impairment occurs, abnormal gait will result. The present study experimented with mechanical analysis of walking with a false leg, with a view to clinical application. Attention was focused on wave components common to the floor reaction patterns of A/K (-trans-femoral (Above Knee) amputation) and B/K (-trans-tibial (Below Knee) amputation) subjects, and waveform factors were analyzed. In this research, a VICON 3D motion analysis system was used to analyze the walking motions of A/K and B/K subjects by means of stick figure and force plate representations. Attention was focused on knee-joint movement in stick-figure analysis, and on Zcomponent waveforms in force plate analysis. Results showed significant differences between false leg and natural leg during mid stance in A/K subjects. Furthermore, the false leg Z-component waveforms were saw-tooth type with A/K subjects, and notch type with B/K subjects.

Human Gait Analyses Using Multibody Systems Formulation: Normal and Pathological Scenarios

Mechanisms and Machine Science, 2014

The main goal of this work is to present planar biomechanical multibody model, suitable to be used in inverse dynamic analyses. The proposed approach is straightforward and computationally efficient for the study of different human gait scenarios e.g. normal and pathological. For this, a biomechanical model of the lower limb of the human body was considered. The model consists of three rigid bodies (thigh, calf and foot), corresponding to relevant anatomical segments of lower limb. The three bodies are connected by revolute joints and described by eight natural coordinates, which are the Cartesian coordinates of the basic points located at the joints (hip, knee, ankle, metatarsal-phalangeal). The anthropometric dimensions of the model correspond to those of a normal male of 1.77 m and 80.0 kg and a poliomyelitis (polio) patient of 1.78 m and 92 kg. The total biomechanical system encompasses 5 degrees-of-freedom: 2 degrees-of-freedom for hip trajectory, 1 degree-of-freedom for hip flexion-extension motion, 1 degree-of-freedom for knee flexion-extension and 1 degree-of-freedom for ankle plantarflexion-dorsiflexion. The developed model was applied to solve an inverse dynamics problem of human

Human gait analyzed by complex and interconnected system (original) (raw)

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