La dinámica del poder y la defensa del territorio: para una comprensión del fin del reino visigodo de Toledo (original) (raw)
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La política exterior de los visigodos en Hispania. Un ensayo sobre la debilidad del reino de Toledo.
In this article I analyze the foreign policy of the Visigoths, first as a kingdom in Roman Gaul, then as the Kingdom of Toledo, in Hispania. In its relations with Franks, Byzantines and Ostrogoths, we note that the Visigoths did not develop significant diplomatic activity. In the Kingdom of Toledo, primarily from the conversion of Reccared, the internal problems monopolized the attention of the Gothic kings, who sought to impose a harsh centralism against centrifugal forces, and diplomatic relations with Mediterranean kingdoms declined greatly, turning this into a cause of deterioration of the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo.
Julián de Toledo y la realeza visigoda
Antigüedad y Cristianismo, 1991
A detailed examination of the terms used to describe the kingship and its caracteristics reveal the evolution of the concepts related to this subject that has taken place in the ideology of Julian, and also the distinctive feature introduced by the Historia Wambae, example of a particular genre. The Wambana royalty is now considered to be the substitute and heir of the Hebrew Veterotestamentaria Monarchy rather then than legataria of the Imperial authority. Dispersed and practically vanished from sight, except for a few lines of pure erudition, the Historia Wambae should be considered as a creation worthy of imitation, written with a political purpose not as evident as has been traditionally alledged.
La imagen de la realeza en el reino visigodo de Toledo a través de la iconografía y la epigrafía
Resumen Hasta el día de hoy es escaso el número de testimonios artísticos que permitan una aproximación a la imagen de la realeza visigoda. En realidad, prácticamente la totalidad de ellos se circunscribe a las imágenes que muestran las monedas de la época, con el problema que conllevan en cuanto a simplificación de los atributos. También las fuentes literarias se revelan parcas en este aspecto y prácticamente se reducen a dos narraciones debidas a Sidonio Apolinar para la corte visigoda de Tolosa y San Isidoro para el reinado de Leovigildo. El siguiente artículo es un acercamiento a esta cuestión que creemos de capital interés para la comprensión de la realeza goda entre los siglos VI y VIII. Palabras clave: Imagen regia, Leovigildo, Sidonio Apolinar, Isidoro. Abstract Until today the number of artistic testimonies is little that allow to an approach to the image of the royalty on Visigoth times. In fact, practically the totality of them is confined to the images that show the coins of this period, with the problem that entails as far as simplification of the attributes. Also the literary sources are revealed sparing in this aspect and are practically reduced to two narrations due to Sidonio Apolinar for the Visigoth court of Tolosa and San Isidoro for the reign of Leovigildo. The following article is an approach to this question which we create of capital interest for the understanding of the Gothic royalty between the 6-8th centuries. Keywords: Leovigildo, Sidonio Apolinar, Isidoro.
Archaeological and documental records prove the existence of a monumentalization process of Toledo and its territory along the VII century, which explains most of the findings involving decorative sculpture in Toledo up to date. Although, in general terms, thesis defended by H. Schlunk are still valid, nowadays the continuity between roman and visigothic worlds is not as certain as it used to be. On the other hand, archaeology documents the collapse of the old territorial model of the Roman Empire and its substitution by a genuine visigothic one. This model is characterised by the apparition of new monumental complexes one century after the great roman villae were abandoned, in which monastic complexes (San Pedro de la Mata-Los Hitos, Melque or Guarrazar) linked to the elite’s of Toledo acquired a marked preference. The VII century was the moment of the consolidation of regnum Gothorum, when an ambitious cultural and legislative programme, perfectly elaborated, was set into action. Architecture was especially influenced by this, and consequently transformed into the most clear image of the court and the religious hierarchy, which explains its subsequent influence in the development of the aulic ovetens or carolingic art. Key words: Toledo, Visigothic Kingdom, villae, monastery, aulic Art, Melque.